|
|
 | | | |
- close
- close
- close
- close
| Revision as of 19:01, December 17, 2008 (edit) RichSOB - Director (Talk | contribs) (→Weak brand in emerging markets - change caption) ← Previous diff |
Revision as of 19:09, December 17, 2008 (edit) (undo) Roger - Director (Talk | contribs) Next diff → |
||
| Line 4: | Line 4: | ||
| In 2007, Apple generated revenue approaching US$ 24 billion, helped by substantial growth in market share for its computer product line of Macintosh desktops and laptops and continued dominance of the portable media player (PMP) market, where it captured a 50% share that year. <ref>Kurokawa, Shigeki. "Sony is trying to bite into Apple's iPod market share." Ventura Country Star. 26 November 2007 </ref> The company continued its substantial growth rate in the first half of 2008, gaining 37% over the previous year. | In 2007, Apple generated revenue approaching US$ 24 billion, helped by substantial growth in market share for its computer product line of Macintosh desktops and laptops and continued dominance of the portable media player (PMP) market, where it captured a 50% share that year. <ref>Kurokawa, Shigeki. "Sony is trying to bite into Apple's iPod market share." Ventura Country Star. 26 November 2007 </ref> The company continued its substantial growth rate in the first half of 2008, gaining 37% over the previous year. | ||
| - | <wikichart ticker="AAPL"/> | + | <wikichart ticker="YHOO"/> |
| {{toc|float=left}} | {{toc|float=left}} | ||
Revision as of 19:09, December 17, 2008
Apple (Nasdaq:AAPL), is the high technology consumer electronics company behind the Macintosh (Mac) family of personal computers, the iconic iPod portable music player, and, most recently, the iPhone. It is known for its sophisticated, high-end products and its innovative promotion and distribution strategies. The company's stream of highly successful leading-edge products and marketing acumen re-emerged and the company has consistently gained market share and enthusiastic reaction in the technology marketplace since Apple's founder, Steve Jobs, returned to the company in 1996.
In 2007, Apple generated revenue approaching US$ 24 billion, helped by substantial growth in market share for its computer product line of Macintosh desktops and laptops and continued dominance of the portable media player (PMP) market, where it captured a 50% share that year. [1] The company continued its substantial growth rate in the first half of 2008, gaining 37% over the previous year.
History
Apple morphed its identity in early 2007 to reflect its transition toward a broad-based consumer electronics company, removing the "Computer" from its corporate name. With this promising shift to a broader identity, Apple launched key products geared towards the high-end mobile market (the iPhone) and the home entertainment industry (Apple TV). Sales of the iPhone performed well in 2007, with 3.7 million units sold worldwide, despite being highly touted and publicly scrutinized as a wildcard for the company. Following the iPhone's success, competitors rushed to produce products that matched the iPhone's features.[2]On June 9, 2008, Apple announced the iPhone 3G, which featured increased speed, improved design, and lower pricing (although the sole US network provider, AT&T, absorbed any savings with increases in subscriber prices over the two-year contract). Other key new products include movie rentals on iTunes and the ultra-thin MacBook Air laptop.
Apple has parlayed its powerful brand and end-to-end control of the design and manufacturing of hardware, software, and peripherals into a self-reinforcing business model. The iPod has grown faster than any other music player in consumer electronics history and accounts for half of the company's revenue from the sales of hardware and content; it has also generated a "halo effect" increase in sales of Mac desktops and laptops. The company has also opened retail stores, which feature distinctive designs and emphasize product "test drives", customer education, and easily available technical help. As a result of its efforts, the company generated more revenue per square foot ($4000) than almost any other major retailer in the world, including Tiffany's ($2500), Best Buy (sub-$1000) and Neiman Marcus ($600) in fiscal 2006.
Unlike many other technology companies, Apple has historically not evinced as strong a commitment to increasing its presence abroad. The Americas has accounted for a hefty 48% of total revenues, while Europe rings in second, contributing just 21%. Apple is especially weak in Asia, where its Japanese revenues have dropped 10% from 4Q06 levels (the rest of Apple's Asia/Pacific sales have grown by a few percentage points.) However, strong revenue growth in Apple's retail division (nearly 42%) and its iPhone partnerships with wireless telecoms around the world can be expected to correct this imbalance and bodes well for enhancing the company's worldwide presence in the future. The company's success in the mobile phone and personal media player markets may carry over into other consumer devices, with the company using its brand to grab significant market share.
Business Financials
AAPL generates over $26.5 billion in annual revenues (trailing 12 months), or $30.50 per share. EBITDA over the same ttm period has been $5.6 billion. The company has no debt on its balance sheet. Much of that EBITDA falls to the bottom line. AAPL maintains over $18 per share in cash on its balance sheet, or approximately $19 billion.
Current analyst earning estimates are for March 2008's quarter to be $1.05, an average of 23 published estimates. YOY growth rates appear to be in the 20% plus range.
History and Products
After a decade of stagnant sales at Apple, co-founder Steve Jobs returned as CEO in 1997 and began a period of reinvention, resulting in the release of several highly innovative products, notably the all-in-one iMac PC (1998) and the iPod (2001). An aggressive subsequent advertising campaign put Apple squarely into the public eye, and today Apple remains known for its catchy, clever ads.
Apple builds its product portfolio with vertical integration to provide seamless compatibility between hardware, software and peripheral products. The company's ecosystem of products--closely related by design and functionality--has allowed it build significant brand equity, and Apple products are especially popular with middle- to high-end consumers as well as the graphics/design industry. Apple's current products can be divided into two main categories:
- Computers and Software: Macintosh (Mac) brand desktops, laptops and related hardware/software are a traditional mainstay of Apple's business. While these products accounted for about 50% of revenue and two-thirds of operating profit in 2007, their contribution ratios have declined in recent years. Mac hardware products include the iMac, MacBook and PowerBook notebook computers, and a number of peripherals. Its software offerings include its OS X operating system, a UNIX-based system known for ease of use and sleek, intuitive design.
- Apple's computers boast unusually high profit margins, especially when compared to companies like Dell and Toshiba. Fewer sales can generate significantly more profit for Apple than the same number would for its big-business competitors, both because of Apple's carefully monitored stiff pricing and the extra revenue captured from the sale of accessories in Apple's retail stores.
- Music: Apple's music offerings include the iPod and its variations (i.e., Nano, Shuffle, Video) as well as the iTunes media player and distribution system. Though not the first entrant into this market segment, the iPod accelerated the growth of the PMP market since its 2001 introduction and now holds a dominant market share of approximately 70%. Over 150 million units have been sold worldwide as of April 2008, making it the fastest selling music player ever marketed.
| Revenue Contribution | |||||
| 2006 Q1 | 2006 Q3 | 2007 Q1 | 2007 Q3 | 2008 Q1 | |
| Mac | 40% | 43% | 34% | 47% | 46% |
| desktop | 16% | 16% | 13% | 18% | 18% |
| notebook | 24% | 27% | 21% | 29% | 28% |
| Peripherals, Other Hardware | 5% | 5% | 4% | 6% | 5% |
| Software and Services | 6% | 7% | 5% | 7% | 6% |
| Total Computers and Software | 51% | 55% | 43% | 60% | 59% |
| iPod | 40% | 34% | 48% | 29% | 24% |
| Other Music Sales | 9% | 11% | 9% | 10% | 12% |
| Total Music | 49% | 45% | 57% | 40% | 36% |
| iPhone | 5% | ||||
Source: Company Data
iPods were the primary growth engine for FY05 and FY06, responsible for roughly 58% of Apple’s total revenue growth for both years. In FY07, iPod segment generated only 14% of overall sales growth. As a percentage of total revenue, iPod accounted for 33% (FY05), 40% (FY06), and 35% (FY07).
Despite the common view, Apple's revenue has not shifted away from its traditional Mac hardware and software towards iPod, iTunes, or other Music-related products. As demonstrated in the table above, while the sales of Music-related products has fluctuated unstably (and dropped) from around 50% to 40%, the sales from Computer-related products have actually risen from low 50s to 60% by the third Quarter of 2007. Apple is vigorously working to expand its portfolio outside the Computer-related business, however, and two of its most recent products were launched in two unexplored categories:
- Mobile Communication: Apple launched its iPhone in June 2007. Touted as a device converging communications and media playback, the iPhone combines EDGE mobile technology with widescreen PMP ability as well as internet browsing.
- Home Entertainment: In 2007, Apple introduced its Apple TV product for the home entertainment center. Apple TV allows digital media from a user's computer to be played on entertainment systems and digital televisions such as high-definition LCDs and plasmas.
Trends and Forces
Apple's current primary strategy is a shift away from computers towards diversified consumer electronics. The company's intention to move from a Mac/iPod-driven business model to one that includes many different product lines puts a spotlight on Apple's forays into several new markets.
iPod Cannibalization
The iPod took a giant leap with the Touch. The display is much larger than other iPods and includes touch screen navigation. Touch iPods also include WiFi, users can access the web, e-mail, and utilize the widgets to grab updated weather, stock prices, maps, as well as watching YouTube Videos. It also has PDA applications, such as calendar and notes, as do other iPods, but the Touch’s qwerty keyboard significantly enhances functionality. The evolution of the iPod line creates a higher possibility that an iPod owner would want more than one model. For example: Touch for PDA/internet, Classic as repository to store all content, Nano (or more likely a Shuffle) for carrying a small device (during exercise).
The iPod potential market is expanded by the Touch’s new capabilities, which may attract new consumers who had little interest buying a device strictly for music and video. Current iPod owners may buy a Touch for its PDA and web functionality. When third party applications arrive in June, the Touch will be revolutionized into an entirely new device as it will receive a massive boost in capabilities. Given below is the graph for iPod Sales-(trailing 4 qtrs):
That said, data indicates that the market for iPods is becoming saturated and Apple is cutting back on sales. Specifically, Piper Jaffray expects Apple to ship 18.6 million iPods this quarter (November 2008), 16% less that it did the year prior. As SAI notes "The decline would cap off years of declining December quarter iPod shipment growth: 525% in 2004; 207% in 2005; 50% in 2006; and 5% in 2007."[3]
The iPhone will cannibalize a sizable amount of iPod sales, specifically the Touch. However, since a single carrier in the US offers the iPhone and only available in few foreign markets, the Touch provides most of the iPhone features to consumers who can’t feasibly buy an iPhone. This is especially beneficial for consumers who are locked in a wireless contract with a carrier other than AT&T, or for someone working at a business that doesn’t support iPhone. The Touch lets them become acquainted with a device similar to the iPhone, and when conditions permit, enhances the likelihood that they will purchase an iPhone.
Dependence on new products
Apple's maintains an aggressive product innovation cycle which permits the company to maintain its unusual but highly profitable system of product pricing (not lowering prices until a new version is released). The company is notoriously tight-lipped about new products, carefully controlling the release of new product announcements.
The iPhone Craze
The subject of intense media scrutiny and hype, Apple's iPhone is the newest home run of its product lineup. Apple first dipped its toe into the immense mobile phone market in 2005 with the ROKR, a Motorola-made phone that licensed Apple's iTunes and yielded disappointing sales. This time, Apple designed and produced the iPhone hardware and software in-house in its second attempt at tackling the massive $300 billion global market for mobile phones. A company known for deep integration across its own products, Apple launched the iPhone with AT&T, the largest mobile phone service provider in the U.S, on June 29th, 2007.
The iPhone includes a touch-screen system, wireless Internet browsing capability, and iPod functionality. These advances come at a hefty price--approximately US$ 400--and target the decidedly high-end Smart phone market. Apple's focus on the high-end market limits its growth and market capture opportunities in several key respects:
- The first iPhone uses enhanced 2.5G EDGE technology instead of the much faster 3G infrastructure.
- EDGE's slower data transfer can be sidestepped if local wireless (i.e., WiFi) is used, but WiFi is expensive and far from available everywhere.
- Apple's strength lies in marketing to end-consumers rather than business users, a segment with a much higher penetration into smart phones and expensive data plans.
- The iPhone may "cannibalize" some sales of iPods.
- The iPhone completely utilizes touch screen technology. This could be a potential problem for the less tech savvy phone user.
- The iPhone does not allow third party software to be used without unlocking the phone, an act Apple frowns upon. However on March 6th Steve Jobs released the beta version of its SDK for developers interested in creating applications for the iPhone. During the presentation a number of companies including Salesforce.com, Electronic Arts and AOL Instant Messenger ran demos testifying to the ease with which they were able to write applications for the iPhone.
- Steve Jobs also announced a new "Apps Store" which will be on the homescreen of every iPhone, where new applications would be showcased and ready for wireless download by iPhone users. Apple intends to share 70% of all applications revenue with third party developers.
- At the same conference Kleiner Perkins partner Steve Jurvetson announced that it was setting up a $100 million fund to finance new iPhone applications.
- By March 12 more than 100,000 iPhone developers had downloaded the beta version of the SDK.
- Another major announcement at this March 6th Apple event was Apple's foray into the enterprise market. By the end of June Apple's iPhone will be fully compatible with Microsoft Exchange Server allowing push email, calendar and contacts.
- Reports of the iPhone being offered in new international markets came out in May 2008 when Singapore Telecommunications and Globe Telelcom, Bharti Airtel, and SingTel subsidiary Optus announced that they have signed agreements with Apple to distribute iPhones within their markets. These deals will bring the iPhone to new international markets in both Asia and Australia.[4]
- In June 2008 Apple announced the release of its second generation iPhone which does use AT&T's 3G network for data transfers. The new iPhone will also have GPS technology and a much smaller price tag than the original Apple phone with the smallest model selling for $199.
- The 3G iPhone will be offered internationally to a much greater extent than the original Apple phone. Countries that will have access to the 3G iPhone on its release date, July 11, 2008, include Canada, The UK, Germany, France, Switzerland, Hong Kong, Japan, Sweden, Spain, Portugal, Norway, Finland, Denmark, Ireland, Italy, Belgium, New Zealand, Austria, Netherlands, Mexico and Australia. Furthermore, Apple is planning to offer its second generation mobile phone in about 48 other international countries and territories soon after its release.
- After only three days on the market, Apple reported that they had sold over 1 million iPhone 3G units. Apple sold 6.892 million 3G units in its first quarter (4Q08 - Sep), which exceeds the total number of units sold for the original iPhone.[5]
- Apple's handset has represented about 16.6 percent of the entire smartphone market worldwide for the quarter ended in September and is now second only to Nokia.[6]
In the third quarter of 2008, Apple reported that they had sold over 6 million iPhones, making Apple the third largest cell phone supplier in the world.[7]However, this was coupled with news that Apple Inc. will be drastically scaling back production of its popular iPhone by as much as 40% for the crucial fourth-quarter shopping season as a result of the failing economy, according to analyst Craig Berger.[8]
Apple TV: Slow Adoption
Touted as the future of digital entertainment, the Apple TV nevertheless faces significant competition from on-demand and traditional TV/video offerings. At a price of US $229 (US $329 for 160GB model), Apple TV targets a consumer group that probably already has access to either cable TV, on-demand, or a DVR/TiVo. The limited video selections (fewer than 1500 titles (est) were available on iTunes as of April 2008) could be significant downsides for many buyers. Because the Apple TV has no optical drive, all media content must come from the user's computer or web-streamed via internet connection. Movies may be rented or purchased via the Apple TV using the infrared remote and an iTunes account. Music and TV shows may be purchased as well. When the user runs the iTunes application on his/her PC, content bought and downloaded to the Apple TV is synced to the PC. Alternatively, content downloaded from the PC itunes store is synced to the Apple TV hard drive. (through iTunes or YouTube[9]).
Despite numerous comparisons between Apple TV and the iPod, a number of vital differences cast doubt on any anticipation of iPod-like success. For one, Apple TV lacks portability, a defining feature of and reason for iPod's success. For another, most consumers do not have a large pre-existing collection of high-quality digital movies/shows, while in the iPod's case, digital music use had been prominent and widespread for a number of years (illegal file sharing with p2p platforms such as Napster) before launch--thus Apple TV's market is not primed for success as the iPod's was. Finally, although Apple TV can support HD technology and actually requires a widescreen TV[9].
The "Apple Halo"
Apple's self-reinforcing business model takes advantage of the technological integration of its products to turn new buyers into loyal Apple fans. End-to-end control over the design and manufacture of hardware, software, and peripherals alike makes high compatibility between products possible, and high-quality customer support ensures satisfaction and loyalty. Apple's encouragement of differentiation between product designs and its promotion of secrecy around new product launches also heightens the Apple mystique. Together, these combine to create the Apple "halo effect," where a buyer of one Apple product has a high probability of returning to Apple for other products as well.
Retail store advantage
Apple opened its first retail stores in 2001 and have since expanded to over 180 stores in 5 countries (U.S., Japan, Australia, U.K. and Canada). Their retail outlets have contributed to about 10% of overall sales in 2006, but the overall impact of these stores may be much higher in terms of brand presence and building long-term customer relationships. In their most recent quarter Apple's retail stores generated nearly $1.5 billion in revenue for the company.[10]
- Apple's has emphasized its unique retail stores through design for several of its flagship locations as well as tailoring the retail experience to include product "test drives", classes and workshops geared teaching users about its products, and the Genius Bar--a computer help service similar to Best Buy's Geek Squad. The company estimates that its retail presence equals about US$ 60 million's worth of annual traditional advertising.
- Apple's generated over $4000 per square foot of retail, one of the highest rates of any major retailer in any industry. In comparison, Tiffany's rate was $2500, Best Buy was under $1000 and Neiman Marcus was about $600.
- Studies have shown that Apple stores don't actually boost sales themselves, but the company has increased its rate of direct sales (as opposed to sales through third-party retailers), which have a higher eventual margin for Apple
iTunes and compatibility
iTunes is the third largest music retailer in the United States. Its airtight compatibility with the iPod, along with Apple's refusal to license its FairPlay DRM security encoding technology, meant that iTunes has reinforced iPod sales -- anything bought off of iTunes can only be played on the iPod, meaning that switching costs are high for iPod users who have already spend hundreds of dollars building up their music libraries at iTunes. Apple's recent announcement that it would begin selling DRM-free media on iTunes is a potential risk for the company as DRM has worked in Apple's favor by creating an iTunes-iPod virtuous cycle that has been hard for competitors to crack.
Vulnerability of brand in emerging markets
The emergence of China and India as key players in PC sales and general technology consumption is troubling for the generic PC manufacturers, but considerably less so for Apple. With relatively light presence in lower-margin, higher-growth geographic areas, Apple will experience little impact. With China and India estimated to make up about 66% of PC market growth through 2010, this could be a significant challenge for Apple's competitors.
Public image
- Apple's sales have always been dependent in large part on its perceived image of being user-friendly, sleek, and simply "cool." Apple enjoys copious amounts of free advertising from staunch loyalists and media buzz that generate "word of mouth". Apple's customer satisfaction ratings repeatedly top the charts. This is beneficial since many highly satisfied users, in effect, become quasi Apple salespeople as they recommend products to friends. If this level of high customer satisfaction and/or Apple's brand image start to suffer, it may dramatically impact sales.
- In the public eye, Steve Jobs' role in Apple is absolutely integral. This means that if Jobs leaves the company, is implicated in legal proceedings, or even experiences substantial health issues, Apple may be negatively influenced.
- Steve Jobs' perceived image as a "competitive deal-broker" may also prove to be a company liability, however. Many of Apple's previous partners are increasingly reluctant to sign on, often holding out for a better deal (if any) or, like Universal Music Group, are seeking alterations to agreed terms. The Motorola (MOT) partnership to develop the flopped ROKR is perhaps the most notorious example of Apple's questionable partnering behavior--critics accuse Apple of burying ROKR's launch to reduce cannibalization of iPod sales, and worse yet, using the ROKR collaboration as a front to gain much of the technology now used in the iPhone.
Competition
Against the Mac: Apple's position is improving in the worldwide PC market, growing 40% in 2007, compared to 13% global growth during the same period. [11] Gartner stated, as part of their annual "Key Predictions" in January of 2008, that Apple is expected to double their market share in the PC industry by 2011 [12]. However, the Mac still represents a small fraction of the overall PC market; their market share of US domestic PC sales was 6.6%[13] for the first three months of 2008.
Apple's main competitors remain HP and Dell, both of which have experienced significantly lower growth rates than Apple recently. Apple enjoys a unique advantage of having something of a niche market without needing to compete directly with Hewlett-Packard Company (HPQ) and Dell (DELL) and Microsoft (MSFT) operating systems for enterprise endorsement.
In June of 2006 Apple announced that it would begin shipping its computers with Intel processors. Since the switch Apple has, on two occasions, announced new computer specs that include processors that haven't been officially released by Intel. The first of these announcements came in April 2007 when Apple announced that its Mac Pro would be available with two quad-core processors that were not on Intel's price sheet or website.[14] About a year later Apple again announced a new model that would ship with a previously unreleased Intel processor, this time for the iMac. In both cases Intel has said that the processors shipping in the new Apple models are available in limited quantities. Furthermore, competitors like Dell and HP have been left without access to these processors in their early stages.[15] Apple's ability to get exclusive access to new products, like Intel's processors, could provide a significant advantage over their competition in the future.
Against the iPod: Although Apple remains the industry leader in PMPs, the competition is making significant gains. The popularity of flash-based PMPs is problematic for Apple, which has much stronger market presence in hard-drive based (HDD) players. To combat this, Apple may release a new flash-based line of players, in addition to a souped-up and rehauled version of HDD iPods. Apple's main competitors in this area include:
- SanDisk's Sansa players, one model of which beat the Nano to market, with more GB and a lower price point.
- Creative's Zen, which has a strong grounding in flash-based players--including the first true widescreen video PMP with the Zen Vision W.
- Microsoft's Zune, currently uninspiring, but with the potential for significant growth and the ability to leverage unique file transfer technology.
The table below compares some of the top-level product offerings of Apple and its main PMP competitors.
| iPod Classic | iPod Nano | Sansa e280 | Zune | Zen Vision:W | |
| Market Share of Parent Company | 75.6% | 75.6% | 9.7% | --- | 4.3% |
| Price (est. end 2007) | US$ 249 | US$ 199 | US$ 190 | US$ 250 | US$ 300 |
| Storage Capacity | 80 GB | 8 GB | 8 GB | 30 GB | 30 GB |
| Storage Type | HDD | Flash | Flash | HDD | HDD |
| Screen Size (dia. inches) | 2.5 | 2 | 1.8 | 3 | 4.3 |
| Display Resolution | high | high | medium | high | very high |
| Apprx. Dimensions | 4.1 x 2.4 x 0.41 | 2.75 x 20.6 x 0.26 | 3.5 x 1.5 x 0.5 | 4.5 x 2.5 x 0.5 | 5.5 x 3.0 x 1.0 |
| Weight | 5 oz | 1.74 oz | 2.5 oz | 5.5 oz | 9.5 oz |
| Battery Life (hours, playing music) | 30 | 24 | 20 | 12 | 13 |
| Video Playback | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| FM Radio Tuner | no | no | yes | yes | no |
| Media Download Source | iTunes | iTunes | Real Rhapsody | Zune Marketplace | Amazon Unbox |
Source: Company Data
Against iTunes and Apple TV iTunes' main competitors are Napster and Rhapsody/Real Player, but the service far outstrips both of these in market share. To combat the rise of a wave of new subscription music services, iTunes may launch one of its own in the near future.
Apple TV, on the other hand, may face much stiffer competition. While the concept of digital media played on the TV initially seems very promising, Apple TV actually has rather limited functionality--especially against established and well-received sources of media, from Video On-Demand to Netflix to recordable cable programming. All three of these distribution channels offer significantly higher image quality than much of what is available on Apple TV.
Against the iPhone Apple's iPhone must compete with established mobile phone and PDA companies, including the likes of Motorola, Nokia, and Sony, many of which have significantly larger R&D budgets than Apple. The company also experiences challenges from BlackBerry and similar high-end PDA-phone combinations. Because it is unlikely that the iPhone will be issued by corporations as a productivity tool, the BlackBerry and similar devices may enjoy a significant edge in the corporate markets.
Google's Android operating system aims to provide a competitive application platform for rival handsets. Although Apple has a huge head-start with their app-store, Android is expected to provide rivals with a leg-up in their quest to catch the iPhone.
Competitive Strategies to upscale globally.
<autowikidata/>
References
- ↑ Kurokawa, Shigeki. "Sony is trying to bite into Apple's iPod market share." Ventura Country Star. 26 November 2007
- ↑ AOL Switched http://www.switched.com/2008/01/25/1-1-billion-cell-phones-sold-worldwide-in-2007-says-study
- ↑ Have Sales of Apple's (AAPL) iPod Peaked? - November 20, 2008
- ↑ IPhones to Get Distribution Deals In Asia, Australia, www.wsj.com, published May 13, 2008, retrieved May 27, 2008.
- ↑ "Apple Says 1 Million 3G iPhones Sold Over Weekend", www.marketwatch.com, July 14, 2008.
- ↑ iPhone soars to 16.6% of smartphone market December 2, 2008
- ↑ Cramer's 'Mad Money' Recap: Oct. 28, 2008 www.thestreet.com
- ↑ "Is the iPhone coming under pressure?", www.marketwatch.com, Nov 3, 2008
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 http://www.apple.com/appletv/specs.html
- ↑ Apple's largest U.S. store highlights growth plan, www.reuters.com, published May 15, 2008, retrieved May 27, 2008.
- ↑ Apple 2007 Annual Report. Section 7 pg. 43 www.sec.gov, "Gartner Says Worldwide PC Market Grew 13 Percent in 2007." http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=584210
- ↑ "Gartner Highlights Key Predictions for IT Organisations and Users in 2008 and Beyond." http://gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=593207
- ↑ "Mac sales core to Apple earnings." http://www.australianit.news.com.au/story/0,24897,23591373-15306,00.html
- ↑ "Update: Apple Mac Pro gets a special Clovertown processor", www.tgdaily.com, retrieved April 29, 2008.
- ↑ "Update: Apple upgrades iMac, gets Intel’s Montevina CPU early, sort of", www.tgdaily.com, retrieved April 29, 2008.
| |||||||
