CNA Financial (CNA)

 

 

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

þ		ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

o		TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

CNA FINANCIAL CORPORATION

Delaware		36-6169860
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
333 S. Wabash
Chicago, Illinois		60604
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class		Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock with a par value of $2.50 per share		New York Stock Exchange Chicago Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No þ

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15 (d) of the Act. Yes o No þ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer þ		Accelerated filer o		Non-accelerated filer o		Smaller reporting company o
				(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No þ

As of February 20, 2009, 269,024,408 shares of common stock were outstanding. The aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2008 was approximately $692 million based on the closing price of $25.15 per share of the common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on June 30, 2008.

Portions of the CNA Financial Corporation Proxy Statement prepared for the 2009 annual meeting of shareholders, pursuant to Regulation 14A, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Report.

 

 

Item				Page
Number				Number
		PART I
1.		Business			3
1A.		Risk Factors			9
1B.		Unresolved Staff Comments			17
2.		Properties			17
3.		Legal Proceedings			17
4.		Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders			17
		PART II
5.		Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities			18
6.		Selected Financial Data			20
7.		Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			21
7A.		Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk			63
8.		Financial Statements and Supplementary Data			66
9.		Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure			142
9A.		Controls and Procedures			142
9B.		Other Information			142
		PART III
10.		Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance			143
11.		Executive Compensation			143
12.		Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters			144
13.		Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence			144
14.		Principal Accounting Fees and Services			144
		PART IV
15.		Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules			145

PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

CNA Financial Corporation (CNAF) was incorporated in 1967 and is an insurance holding company. Collectively, CNAF and its subsidiaries are referred to as CNA or the Company. References to “CNA,” “the Company,” “we,” “our,” “us” or like terms refer to the business of CNA and its subsidiaries. Our property and casualty insurance operations are conducted by Continental Casualty Company (CCC), incorporated in 1897, and The Continental Insurance Company (CIC), organized in 1853, and affiliates. CIC became a subsidiary of ours in 1995 as a result of the acquisition of The Continental Corporation (Continental). Loews Corporation (Loews) owned approximately 90% of our outstanding common stock as of December 31, 2008.

Our ongoing core businesses serve a wide variety of customers, including small, medium and large businesses, associations, professionals, and groups with a broad range of insurance and risk management products and services.

Our insurance products primarily include commercial property and casualty coverages. Our services include risk management, information services, warranty and claims administration. Our products and services are marketed through independent agents, brokers and managing general agents.

Our core business, commercial property and casualty insurance operations, is reported in two business segments: Standard Lines and Specialty Lines. Our non-core operations are managed in two business segments: Life & Group Non-Core and Corporate & Other Non-Core. These segments are managed separately because of differences in their product lines and markets. Discussions of each segment including the products offered, the customers served, the distribution channels used and competition are set forth in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) included under Item 7 and in Note N of the Consolidated Financial Statements included under Item 8.

Competition

The property and casualty insurance industry is highly competitive both as to rate and service. Our consolidated property and casualty subsidiaries compete not only with other stock insurance companies, but also with mutual insurance companies, reinsurance companies and other entities for both producers and customers. We must continuously allocate resources to refine and improve our insurance products and services.

Rates among insurers vary according to the types of insurers and methods of operation. We compete for business not only on the basis of rate, but also on the basis of availability of coverage desired by customers, ratings and quality of service, including claim adjustment services.

There are approximately 2,300 individual companies that sell property and casualty insurance in the United States. Based on 2007 statutory net written premiums, we are the seventh largest commercial insurance writer and the thirteenth largest property and casualty insurance organization in the United States of America.

Regulation

The insurance industry is subject to comprehensive and detailed regulation and supervision throughout the United States. Each state has established supervisory agencies with broad administrative powers relative to licensing insurers and agents, approving policy forms, establishing reserve requirements, fixing minimum interest rates for accumulation of surrender values and maximum interest rates of policy loans, prescribing the form and content of statutory financial reports and regulating solvency and the type, quality and amount of investments permitted. Such regulatory powers also extend to premium rate regulations, which require that rates not be excessive, inadequate or unfairly discriminatory. In addition to regulation of dividends by insurance subsidiaries, intercompany transfers of assets may be subject to prior notice or approval by the state insurance regulators, depending on the size of such transfers and payments in relation to the financial position of the insurance affiliates making the transfer or payment.

Insurers are also required by the states to provide coverage to insureds who would not otherwise be considered eligible by the insurers. Each state dictates the types of insurance and the level of coverage that

must be provided to such involuntary risks. Our share of these involuntary risks is mandatory and generally a function of our respective share of the voluntary market by line of insurance in each state.

Further, insurance companies are subject to state guaranty fund and other insurance-related assessments. Guaranty fund assessments are levied by the state departments of insurance to cover claims of insolvent insurers. Other insurance-related assessments are generally levied by state agencies to fund various organizations including disaster relief funds, rating bureaus, insurance departments, and workers’ compensation second injury funds, or by industry organizations that assist in the statistical analysis and ratemaking process.

Reform of the U.S. tort liability system is another issue facing the insurance industry. Over the last decade, many states have passed some type of reform. In recent years, for example, significant state general tort reforms have been enacted in Georgia, Ohio, Mississippi and South Carolina. Specific state legislation addressing state asbestos reform has been passed in Ohio, Georgia, Florida and Texas in past years as well. Although these states’ legislatures have begun to address their litigious environments, some reforms are being challenged in the courts and it will take some time before they are finalized. Even though there has been some tort reform success, new causes of action and theories of damages continue to be proposed in state court actions or by legislatures. For example, some state legislatures are considering legislation addressing direct actions against insurers related to bad faith claims. As a result of this unpredictability in the law, insurance underwriting and rating are expected to continue to be difficult in commercial lines, professional liability and some specialty coverages and therefore could materially adversely affect our results of operations and equity.

Although the federal government and its regulatory agencies do not directly regulate the business of insurance, federal legislative and regulatory initiatives can impact the insurance industry in a variety of ways. These initiatives and legislation include tort reform proposals; proposals addressing natural catastrophe exposures; terrorism risk mechanisms; federal regulation of insurance; various tax proposals affecting insurance companies; and possible regulatory limitations, impositions and restrictions, as well as potential impacts on the fair value determinations of our invested assets, arising from the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008.

In addition, our domestic insurance subsidiaries are subject to risk-based capital requirements. Risk-based capital is a method developed by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners to determine the minimum amount of statutory capital appropriate for an insurance company to support its overall business operations in consideration of its size and risk profile. The formula for determining the amount of risk-based capital specifies various factors, weighted based on the perceived degree of risk, which are applied to certain financial balances and financial activity. The adequacy of a company’s actual capital is evaluated by a comparison to the risk-based capital results, as determined by the formula. Companies below minimum risk-based capital requirements are classified within certain levels, each of which requires specified corrective action. As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, all of our domestic insurance subsidiaries exceeded the minimum risk-based capital requirements.

Subsidiaries with insurance operations outside the United States are also subject to regulation in the countries in which they operate. We have operations in the United Kingdom, Canada and other countries.

Employee Relations

As of December 31, 2008, we had approximately 9,000 employees and have experienced satisfactory labor relations. We have never had work stoppages due to labor disputes.

We have comprehensive benefit plans for substantially all of our employees, including retirement plans, savings plans, disability programs, group life programs and group healthcare programs. See Note J of the Consolidated Financial Statements included under Item 8 for further discussion of our benefit plans.

Supplementary Insurance Data

The following table sets forth supplementary insurance data.

Supplementary Insurance Data

Years ended December 31		2008				2007				2006
Trade Ratios — GAAP basis (a)
Loss and loss adjustment expense ratio			78.7	%			77.7	%			75.7	%
Expense ratio			30.1				30.0				30.0
Dividend ratio			0.2				0.2				0.3
Combined ratio			109.0	%			107.9	%			106.0	%
Trade Ratios — Statutory basis (preliminary) (a)
Loss and loss adjustment expense ratio			83.8	%			79.8	%			78.7	%
Expense ratio			30.1				30.0				30.2
Dividend ratio			0.3				0.3				0.2
Combined ratio			114.2	%			110.1	%			109.1	%

The following table displays the distribution of direct written premiums for our operations by geographic concentration.

Direct Written Premiums

		Percent of Total
Years ended December 31		2008				2007				2006
California			9.2	%			9.5	%			9.7	%
New York			6.9				7.0				7.5
Florida			6.5				7.5				8.0
Texas			6.2				6.1				5.8
Illinois			3.8				3.8				4.2
New Jersey			3.8				3.7				4.0
Pennsylvania			3.3				3.4				3.4
Missouri			3.1				2.9				3.1
All other states, countries or political subdivisions (a)			57.2				56.1				54.3
Total			100.0	%			100.0	%			100.0	%

Approximately 7.4%, 6.9% and 5.9% of our direct written premiums were derived from outside of the United States for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006. Premiums from any individual foreign country were not significant.

Property and Casualty Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses

The following loss reserve development table illustrates the change over time of reserves established for property and casualty claim and claim adjustment expenses at the end of the preceding ten calendar years for our property and casualty insurance companies. The table excludes our life subsidiary(ies), and as such, the carried reserves will not agree to the Consolidated Financial Statements included under Item 8. The first section shows the reserves as originally reported at the end of the stated year. The second section, reading down, shows the cumulative amounts paid as of the end of successive years with respect to the originally reported reserve liability. The third section, reading down, shows re-estimates of the originally recorded reserves as of the end of each successive year, which is the result of our property and casualty insurance subsidiaries’ expanded awareness of additional facts and circumstances that pertain to the unsettled claims. The last section compares the latest re-estimated reserves to the reserves originally established, and indicates whether the original reserves were adequate or inadequate to cover the estimated costs of unsettled claims.

The loss reserve development table for property and casualty companies is cumulative and, therefore, ending balances should not be added since the amount at the end of each calendar year includes activity for both the current and prior years. Additionally, the development amounts in the table below include the impact of commutations, but exclude the impact of the provision for uncollectible reinsurance.

Schedule of Loss Reserve Development

Calendar Year Ended
(In millions)		1998				1999 (a)				2000				2001 (b)				2002 (c)				2003				2004				2005				2006				2007				2008
Originally reported gross reserves for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses		$	28,506			$	26,850			$	26,510			$	29,649			$	25,719			$	31,284			$	31,204			$	30,694			$	29,459			$	28,415			$	27,475
Originally reported ceded recoverable			5,182				6,091				7,333				11,703				10,490				13,847				13,682				10,438				8,078				6,945				6,213
Originally reported net reserves for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses		$	23,324			$	20,759			$	19,177			$	17,946			$	15,229			$	17,437			$	17,522			$	20,256			$	21,381			$	21,470			$	21,262
Cumulative net paid as of:
One year later		$	7,321			$	6,547			$	7,686			$	5,981			$	5,373			$	4,382			$	2,651			$	3,442			$	4,436			$	4,308			$	—
Two years later			12,241				11,937				11,992				10,355				8,768				6,104				4,963				7,022				7,676				—				—
Three years later			16,020				15,256				15,291				12,954				9,747				7,780				7,825				9,620				—				—				—
Four years later			18,271				18,151				17,333				13,244				10,870				10,085				9,914				—				—				—				—
Five years later			20,779				19,686				17,775				13,922				12,814				11,834				—				—				—				—				—
Six years later			21,970				20,206				18,970				15,493				14,320				—				—				—				—				—				—
Seven years later			22,564				21,231				20,297				16,769				—				—				—				—				—				—				—
Eight years later			23,453				22,373				21,382				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—
Nine years later			24,426				23,276				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—
Ten years later			25,178				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—
Net reserves re-estimated as of:
End of initial year		$	23,324			$	20,759			$	19,177			$	17,946			$	15,229			$	17,437			$	17,522			$	20,256			$	21,381			$	21,470			$	21,262
One year later			24,306				21,163				21,502				17,980				17,650				17,671				18,513				20,588				21,601				21,463				—
Two years later			24,134				23,217				21,555				20,533				18,248				19,120				19,044				20,975				21,706				—				—
Three years later			26,038				23,081				24,058				21,109				19,814				19,760				19,631				21,408				—				—				—
Four years later			25,711				25,590				24,587				22,547				20,384				20,425				20,212				—				—				—				—
Five years later			27,754				26,000				25,594				22,983				21,076				21,060				—				—				—				—				—
Six years later			28,078				26,625				26,023				23,603				21,769				—				—				—				—				—				—
Seven years later			28,437				27,009				26,585				24,267				—				—				—				—				—				—				—
Eight years later			28,705				27,541				27,207				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—
Nine years later			29,211				28,035				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—
Ten years later			29,674				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—
Total net (deficiency) redundancy		$	(6,350	)		$	(7,276	)		$	(8,030	)		$	(6,321	)		$	(6,540	)		$	(3,623	)		$	(2,690	)		$	(1,152	)		$	(325	)		$	7			$	—
Reconciliation to gross re-estimated reserves:
Net reserves re-estimated		$	29,674			$	28,035			$	27,207			$	24,267			$	21,769			$	21,060			$	20,212			$	21,408			$	21,706			$	21,463			$	—
Re-estimated ceded recoverable			8,178				10,673				11,458				16,965				16,313				14,709				13,576				10,935				8,622				7,277				—
Total gross re-estimated reserves		$	37,852			$	38,708			$	38,665			$	41,232			$	38,082			$	35,769			$	33,788			$	32,343			$	30,328			$	28,740			$	—
Net (deficiency) redundancy related to:
Asbestos claims		$	(2,152	)		$	(1,576	)		$	(1,511	)		$	(739	)		$	(748	)		$	(98	)		$	(43	)		$	(34	)		$	(32	)		$	(27	)		$	—
Environmental claims			(616	)			(616	)			(559	)			(212	)			(207	)			(134	)			(134	)			(83	)			(84	)			(83	)			—
Total asbestos and environmental			(2,768	)			(2,192	)			(2,070	)			(951	)			(955	)			(232	)			(177	)			(117	)			(116	)			(110	)			—
Other claims			(3,582	)			(5,084	)			(5,960	)			(5,370	)			(5,585	)			(3,391	)			(2,513	)			(1,035	)			(209	)			117				—
Total net (deficiency) redundancy		$	(6,350	)		$	(7,276	)		$	(8,030	)		$	(6,321	)		$	(6,540	)		$	(3,623	)		$	(2,690	)		$	(1,152	)		$	(325	)		$	7			$	—

Additional information regarding our property and casualty claim and claim adjustment expense reserves and reserve development is set forth in the MD&A included under Item 7 and in Notes A and F of the Consolidated Financial Statements included under Item 8.

Investments

Information on our investments is set forth in the MD&A included under Item 7 and in Notes A, B, C and D of the Consolidated Financial Statements included under Item 8.

Available Information

We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other documents with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act). The public may read and copy any materials that we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers, including CNA, that file electronically with the SEC. The public can obtain any documents that we file with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.

We also make available free of charge on or through our internet website (http://www.cna.com) our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. Copies of these reports may also be obtained, free of charge, upon written request to: CNA Financial Corporation, 333 S. Wabash Avenue, Chicago, IL 60604, Attn. Jonathan D. Kantor, Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Our business faces many risks. We have described below some of the more significant risks which we face. There may be additional risks that we do not yet know of or that we do not currently perceive to be significant that may also impact our business. Each of the risks and uncertainties described below could lead to events or circumstances that have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition or equity. You should carefully consider and evaluate all of the information included in this Report and any subsequent reports we may file with the Securities and Exchange Commission or make available to the public before investing in any securities we issue.

We may continue to incur significant realized and unrealized investment losses and volatility in net investment income arising from the severe disruption in the capital and credit markets.

We maintain a large portfolio of fixed income and equity securities, including large amounts of corporate and government issued debt securities, collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs), asset-backed and other structured securities, equity and equity-based securities and investments in limited partnerships which pursue a variety of long and short investment strategies across a broad array of asset classes. Our investment portfolio supports our obligation to pay future insurance claims and provides investment returns which are an important part of our overall profitability.

For more than a year, capital and credit markets have experienced severe levels of volatility, illiquidity, uncertainty and overall disruption. Despite government intervention, market conditions have led to the merger or failure of a number of prominent financial institutions and government sponsored entities, sharply increased unemployment and reduced economic activity. In addition, significant declines in the value of assets and securities that began with the residential sub-prime mortgage crisis have spread to nearly all classes of investments, including most of those held in our investment portfolio. As a result, during 2008 we incurred significant realized and unrealized losses in our investment portfolio and experienced substantial declines in our net investment income which have materially adversely impacted our results of operations and equity.

In addition, certain categories of our investments are particularly subject to significant exposures in the current market environment. Although we normally expect limited partnership investments to provide higher returns over time, since 2008, they have presented greater risk, greater volatility and higher illiquidity than our fixed income investments. Commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS) also present greater risks due to the credit deterioration in the commercial real estate market. Notably, even senior tranches of CMBS have experienced significant price erosion due to market concerns involving the valuation and credit performance of commercial real estate. If these economic and market conditions persist, we may continue to experience reduced investment income and to incur substantial additional realized and unrealized losses on our investments. As a result, our results of operations, equity, business and insurer financial strength and debt ratings could be materially adversely impacted. Additional information on our investment portfolio is included in the MD&A under Item 7 and Note B to the Consolidated Financial Statements included under Item 8.

We may continue to incur underwriting losses as a result of the global economic crisis.

Overall global economic conditions may continue to be recessionary and highly unfavorable. Although many lines of our business have both direct and indirect exposure to this economic crisis, the exposure is especially high for the lines of business that provide management and professional liability insurance, as well as surety bonds, to businesses engaged in real estate, financial services and professional services. As a result, we have experienced and may continue to experience unanticipated underwriting losses with respect to these lines of business. Additionally, we could experience declines in our premium volume and related insurance losses. Consequently, our results of operations, equity, business and insurer financial strength and debt ratings could be adversely impacted.

Our valuation of investments and impairment of securities requires significant judgment.

Our investment portfolio is exposed to various risks such as interest rate, market and credit risks, many of which are unpredictable. We exercise significant judgment in analyzing these risks and in validating fair values provided by third parties for securities in our investment portfolio that are not regularly traded. We also exercise significant judgment in determining whether the impairment of particular investments is temporary or other-than-temporary. Securities with exposure to sub-prime residential mortgage collateral or Alternative A (Alt-A) collateral are particularly sensitive to fairly small changes in actual collateral performance and assumptions as to future collateral performance.

During 2008, we incurred significant unrealized losses in our investment portfolio. In addition, we recorded significant other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI) losses primarily in the corporate and other taxable bonds, asset-backed bonds and non-redeemable preferred equity securities sectors.

Due to the inherent uncertainties involved with these types of judgments, we may incur further unrealized losses and conclude that further other-than-temporary write downs of our investments are required. As a result, our results of operations, equity, business and insurer financial strength and debt ratings could be materially adversely impacted. Additional information on our investment portfolio is included in the MD&A under Item 7 and Note B to the Consolidated Financial Statements included under Item 8.

We are unable to predict the impact on us of governmental efforts taken and proposed to be taken in response to the economic and credit crisis.

The Federal government has implemented various measures, including the establishment of the Troubled Assets Relief Program pursuant to the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, in an effort to deal with the ongoing economic and credit crisis. In addition, there are numerous proposals for further legislative and regulatory actions at both the Federal and state levels, particularly with respect to the financial services industry. Since these new laws and regulations could involve critical matters affecting our operations, they may have an impact on our business and our overall financial condition. Due to this significant uncertainty, we are unable to determine whether our actions in response to these governmental efforts will be effective or to predict with any certainty the overall impact these governmental efforts will have on us. As a result, our results of operations, equity, business and insurer financial strength and debt ratings could be materially adversely impacted.

We may continue to incur significant losses from our investments in financial institutions.

Our investment portfolio includes preferred stock and hybrid debt securities issued by banks and other financial institutions. To date, government sponsored efforts to recapitalize the financial system both in the United States, as well as overseas, have been inconsistent and unpredictable. The uncertainty surrounding these efforts and their potential impact on existing financial institution securities has caused these securities to experience adverse price movement and rating agency downgrades. If this uncertainty continues or if regulatory decisions negatively affect our investments in financial institutions, we may continue to incur significant losses in our investment portfolio. As a result, our results of operations, equity, business and insurer financial strength and debt ratings could be materially adversely impacted. Additional information on our investment portfolio is included in the MD&A under Item 7 and Note B to the Consolidated Financial Statements included under Item 8.

Rating agencies may downgrade their ratings of us and thereby adversely affect our ability to write insurance at competitive rates or at all.

Ratings are an important factor in establishing the competitive position of insurance companies. Our insurance company subsidiaries, as well as our public debt, are rated by rating agencies, namely, A.M. Best Company (A.M. Best), Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (Moody’s) and Standard & Poor’s. Ratings reflect the rating agency’s opinions of an insurance company’s financial strength, capital adequacy, operating performance, strategic position and ability to meet its obligations to policyholders and debtholders.

Due to the intense competitive environment in which we operate, the severe disruption in the capital and credit markets, the uncertainty in determining reserves and the potential for us to take material unfavorable development in the future, and possible changes in the methodology or criteria applied by the rating agencies, the rating agencies may take action to lower our ratings in the future. If our property and casualty insurance financial strength ratings are downgraded below current levels, our business and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. The severity of the impact on our business is dependent on the level of downgrade and, for certain products, which rating agency takes the rating action. Among the adverse effects in the event of such downgrades would be the inability to obtain a material volume of business from certain major insurance brokers, the inability to sell a material volume of our insurance products to certain markets, and the required collateralization of certain future payment obligations or reserves. Recently, Moody’s and A.M. Best have revised their outlook on us from stable to negative.

In addition, it is possible that a lowering of the debt ratings of Loews by certain of the rating agencies could result in an adverse impact on our ratings, independent of any change in our circumstances. We have entered into several settlement agreements and assumed reinsurance contracts that require collateralization of future

payment obligations and assumed reserves if our ratings or other specific criteria fall below certain thresholds. The ratings triggers are generally more than one level below our current ratings. Additional information on our ratings and ratings triggers is included in the MD&A under Item 7.

We are subject to extensive federal, state and local governmental regulations that restrict our ability to do business and generate revenues.

The insurance industry is subject to comprehensive and detailed regulation and supervision throughout the United States. Most insurance regulations are designed to protect the interests of our policyholders rather than our investors. Each state in which we do business has established supervisory agencies that regulate the manner in which we do business. Their regulations relate to, among other things, the following:

•		standards of solvency including risk-based capital measurements;
•		restrictions on the nature, quality and concentration of investments;
•		restrictions on our ability to withdraw from unprofitable lines of insurance or unprofitable market areas;
•		the required use of certain methods of accounting and reporting;
•		the establishment of reserves for unearned premiums, losses and other purposes;
•		potential assessments for funds necessary to settle covered claims against impaired, insolvent or failed private or quasi-governmental insurers;
•		licensing of insurers and agents;
•		approval of policy forms;
•		limitations on the ability of our insurance subsidiaries to pay dividends to us; and
•		limitations on the ability to non-renew, cancel or change terms and conditions in policies.

Regulatory powers also extend to premium rate regulations which require that rates not be excessive, inadequate or unfairly discriminatory. The states in which we do business also require us to provide coverage to persons whom we would not otherwise consider eligible. Each state dictates the types of insurance and the level of coverage that must be provided to such involuntary risks. Our share of these involuntary risks is mandatory and generally a function of our respective share of the voluntary market by line of insurance in each state.

Any of these regulations could materially adversely affect our results of operations, equity, business and insurer financial strength and debt ratings.

We are subject to capital adequacy requirements and, if we are unable to maintain or raise sufficient capital to meet these requirements, regulatory agencies may restrict or prohibit us from operating our business.

Insurance companies such as us are subject to risk-based capital standards set by state regulators to help identify companies that merit further regulatory attention. These standards apply specified risk factors to various asset, premium and reserve components of our statutory capital and surplus reported in our statutory basis of accounting financial statements. Current rules require companies to maintain statutory capital and surplus at a specified minimum level determined using the risk-based capital formula. If we do not meet these minimum requirements, state regulators may restrict or prohibit us from operating our business. If we are required to record a material charge against earnings in connection with a change in estimates or circumstances, we may violate these minimum capital adequacy requirements unless we are able to raise sufficient additional capital. Examples of events leading us to record a material charge against earnings include impairment of our investments or unexpectedly poor claims experience.

During the fourth quarter of 2008, we took several actions to replenish our capital position and bolster the statutory surplus of our operating insurance subsidiaries. One of these actions was the November 7, 2008 purchase by Loews of 12,500 shares of our non-voting cumulative preferred stock (2008 Senior Preferred) for $1.25 billion. Loews, which owned approximately 90% of our outstanding common stock as of December 31, 2008, has also provided us with substantial amounts of capital in prior years. Given the ongoing turmoil in the capital and credit markets, we may be limited in our ability to raise significant amounts of capital on favorable terms or at all. In addition, Loews may be restricted in its ability or willingness to provide additional capital support to us. As a result, if we are in need of additional capital, we may be required to attempt to secure this funding from sources other than Loews on terms that are not favorable.

Our insurance subsidiaries, upon whom we depend for dividends in order to fund our working capital needs, are limited by state regulators in their ability to pay dividends.

We are a holding company and are dependent upon dividends, loans and other sources of cash from our subsidiaries in order to meet our obligations. Dividend payments, however, must be approved by the subsidiaries’ domiciliary state departments of insurance and are generally limited to amounts determined by formula which varies by state. The formula for the majority of the states is the greater of 10% of the prior year statutory surplus or the prior year statutory net income, less the aggregate of all dividends paid during the twelve months prior to the date of payment. Some states, however, have an additional stipulation that dividends cannot exceed the prior year’s earned surplus. If we are restricted, by regulatory rule or otherwise, from paying or receiving inter-company dividends, we may not be able to fund our working capital needs and debt service requirements from available cash. As a result, we would need to look to other sources of capital which may be more expensive or may not be available at all.

If we determine that loss reserves are insufficient to cover our estimated ultimate unpaid liability for claims, we may need to increase our loss reserves.

We maintain loss reserves to cover our estimated ultimate unpaid liability for claims and claim adjustment expenses for reported and unreported claims and for future policy benefits. Reserves represent our best estimate at a given point in time. Insurance reserves are not an exact calculation of liability but instead are complex estimates derived by us, generally utilizing a variety of reserve estimation techniques from numerous assumptions and expectations about future events, many of which are highly uncertain, such as estimates of claims severity, frequency of claims, mortality, morbidity, expected interest rates, inflation, claims handling, case reserving policies and procedures, underwriting and pricing policies, changes in the legal and regulatory environment and the lag time between the occurrence of an insured event and the time of its ultimate settlement. Many of these uncertainties are not precisely quantifiable and require significant judgment on our part. As trends in underlying claims develop, particularly in so-called “long tail” or long duration coverages, we are sometimes required to add to our reserves. This is called unfavorable development and results in a charge to our earnings in the amount of the added reserves, recorded in the period the change in estimate is made. These charges can be substantial and can have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and equity. Additional information on our reserves is included in the MD&A under Item 7 and Note F to the Consolidated Financial Statements included under Item 8.

We are subject to the uncertain effects of emerging or potential claims and coverage issues that arise as industry practices and legal, judicial, social and other environmental conditions change. These issues have had, and may continue to have, a negative effect on our business by either extending coverage beyond the original underwriting intent or by increasing the number or size of claims, resulting in further increases in our reserves which can have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and equity. The effects of these and other unforeseen emerging claim and coverage issues are extremely hard to predict. Examples of emerging or potential claims and coverage issues include:

•		increases in the number and size of claims relating to injuries from medical products;
•		the effects of accounting and financial reporting scandals and other major corporate governance failures, which have resulted in an increase in the number and size of claims, including director and officer and errors and omissions insurance claims;
•		class action litigation relating to claims handling and other practices;
•		construction defect claims, including claims for a broad range of additional insured endorsements on policies;
•		clergy abuse claims, including passage of legislation to reopen or extend various statutes of limitations; and
•		mass tort claims, including bodily injury claims related to silica, welding rods, benzene, lead and various other chemical exposure claims.

In light of the many uncertainties associated with establishing the estimates and making the assumptions necessary to establish reserve levels, we review and change our reserve estimates in a regular and ongoing

process as experience develops and further claims are reported and settled. In addition, we periodically undergo state regulatory financial examinations, including review and analysis of our reserves. If estimated reserves are insufficient for any reason, the required increase in reserves would be recorded as a charge against our earnings for the period in which reserves are determined to be insufficient. These charges could be substantial and could materially adversely affect our results of operations, equity, business and insurer financial strength and debt ratings.

Loss reserves for asbestos and environmental pollution are especially difficult to estimate and may result in more frequent and larger additions to these reserves.

Our experience has been that establishing reserves for casualty coverages relating to asbestos and environmental pollution (which we refer to as A&E) claim and claim adjustment expenses are subject to uncertainties that are greater than those presented by other claims. Estimating the ultimate cost of both reported and unreported claims are subject to a higher degree of variability due to a number of additional factors including, among others, the following:

•		coverage issues including whether certain costs are covered under the policies and whether policy limits apply;
•		inconsistent court decisions and developing legal theories;
•		continuing aggressive tactics of plaintiffs’ lawyers;
•		the risks and lack of predictability inherent in major litigation;
•		changes in the volume of asbestos and environmental pollution claims;
•		the impact of the exhaustion of primary limits and the resulting increase in claims on any umbrella or excess policies we have issued;
•		the number and outcome of direct actions against us;
•		our ability to recover reinsurance for these claims; and
•		changes in the legal and legislative environment in which we operate.

As a result of this higher degree of variability, we have necessarily supplemented traditional actuarial methods and techniques with additional estimating techniques and methodologies, many of which involve significant judgment on our part. Consequently, we may periodically need to record changes in our claim and claim adjustment expense reserves in the future in these areas in amounts that could materially adversely affect our results of operations, equity, business and insurer financial strength and debt ratings. Additional information on A&E claims is included in the MD&A under Item 7 and Note F to the Consolidated Financial Statements included under Item 8.

     Asbestos claims. The estimation of reserves for asbestos claims is particularly difficult in light of the factors noted above. In addition, our ability to estimate the ultimate cost of asbestos claims is further complicated by the following:

•		inconsistency of court decisions and jury attitudes, as well as future court decisions;
•		interpretation of specific policy provisions;
•		allocation of liability among insurers and insureds;
•		missing policies and proof of coverage;
•		the proliferation of bankruptcy proceedings and attendant uncertainties;
•		novel theories asserted by policyholders and their legal counsel;
•		the targeting of a broader range of businesses and entities as defendants;
•		uncertainties in predicting the number of future claims and which other insureds may be targeted in the future;
•		volatility in claim numbers and settlement demands;

•		increases in the number of non-impaired claimants and the extent to which they can be precluded from making claims;
•		the efforts by insureds to obtain coverage that is not subject to aggregate limits;
•		the long latency period between asbestos exposure and disease manifestation, as well as the resulting potential for involvement of multiple policy periods for individual claims;
•		medical inflation trends;
•		the mix of asbestos-related diseases presented; and
•		the ability to recover reinsurance.

In addition, a number of our insureds have asserted that their claims for insurance are not subject to aggregate limits on coverage. If these insureds are successful in this regard, our potential liability for their claims would be unlimited. Some of these insureds contend that their asbestos claims fall within the so-called “non-products” liability coverage within their policies, rather than the products liability coverage, and that this “non-products” liability coverage is not subject to any aggregate limit. It is difficult to predict the extent to which these claims will succeed and, as a result, the ultimate size of these claims.

     Environmental pollution claims. The estimation of reserves for environmental pollution claims is complicated by liability and coverage issues arising from these claims. We and others in the insurance industry are disputing coverage for many such claims. In addition to the coverage issues noted in the asbestos claims section above, key coverage issues in environmental pollution claims include the following:

•		whether cleanup costs are considered damages under the policies (and accordingly whether we would be liable for these costs);
•		the trigger of coverage and the allocation of liability among triggered policies;
•		the applicability of pollution exclusions and owned property exclusions;
•		the potential for joint and several liability; and
•		the definition of an occurrence.

To date, courts have been inconsistent in their rulings on these issues, thus adding to the uncertainty of the outcome of many of these claims.

Further, the scope of federal and state statutes and regulations determining liability and insurance coverage for environmental pollution liabilities have been the subject of extensive litigation. In many cases, courts have expanded the scope of coverage and liability for cleanup costs beyond the original intent of our insurance policies. Additionally, the standards for cleanup in environmental pollution matters are unclear, the number of sites potentially subject to cleanup under applicable laws is unknown, and the impact of various proposals to reform existing statutes and regulations is difficult to predict.

We may suffer losses from non-routine litigation and arbitration matters which may exceed the reserves we have established.

We face substantial risks of litigation and arbitration beyond ordinary course claims and A&E matters, which may contain assertions in excess of amounts covered by reserves that we have established. These matters may be difficult to assess or quantify and may seek recovery of very large or indeterminate amounts that include punitive or treble damages. Accordingly, unfavorable results in these proceedings could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, equity, business and insurer financial strength and debt ratings.

Additional information on litigation is included in Notes F and G to the Consolidated Financial Statements included under Item 8.

Catastrophe losses are unpredictable.

Catastrophe losses are an inevitable part of our business. Various events can cause catastrophe losses, including hurricanes, windstorms, earthquakes, hail, explosions, severe winter weather, and fires, and their frequency and severity are inherently unpredictable. In addition, longer-term natural catastrophe trends may be changing and new types of catastrophe losses may be developing due to climate change, a phenomenon that has been

associated with extreme weather events linked to rising temperatures, and includes effects on global weather patterns, greenhouse gases, sea, land and air temperatures, sea levels, rain, and snow. The extent of our losses from catastrophes is a function of both the total amount of our insured exposures in the affected areas and the severity of the events themselves. In addition, as in the case of catastrophe losses generally, it can take a long time for the ultimate cost to us to be finally determined. As our claim experience develops on a particular catastrophe, we may be required to adjust our reserves, or take unfavorable development, to reflect our revised estimates of the total cost of claims. We believe we could incur significant catastrophe losses in the future. Therefore, our results of operations, equity, business and insurer financial strength and debt ratings could be materially adversely impacted. Additional information on catastrophe losses is included in the MD&A under Item 7 and Note F to the Consolidated Financial Statements included under Item 8.

Our key assumptions used to determine reserves and deferred acquisition costs for our long term care product offerings could vary significantly from actual experience.

Our reserves and deferred acquisition costs for our long term care product offerings are based on certain key assumptions including morbidity, which is the frequency and severity of illness, sickness and diseases contracted, policy persistency, which is the percentage of policies remaining in force, interest rates and future health care cost trends. If actual experience differs from these assumptions, the deferred acquisition asset may not be fully realized and the reserves may not be adequate, requiring us to add to reserves, or take unfavorable development. Therefore, our results of operations, equity, business and insurer financial strength and debt ratings could be materially adversely impacted.

We continue to face exposure to losses arising from terrorist acts, despite the passage of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2007.

The Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2007 extended, until December 31, 2014, the program established within the U.S. Department of Treasury by the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002. This program requires insurers to offer terrorism coverage and the federal government to share in insured losses arising from acts of terrorism. Given the unpredictability of the nature, targets, severity and frequency of potential terrorist acts, this program does not provide complete protection for future losses derived from acts of terrorism. Further, the laws of certain states restrict our ability to mitigate this residual exposure. For example, some states mandate property insurance coverage of damage from fire following a loss, thereby prohibiting us from excluding terrorism exposure. In addition, some states generally prohibit us from excluding terrorism exposure from our primary workers’ compensation policies. Consequently, there is substantial uncertainty as to our ability to contain our terrorism exposure effectively since we continue to issue forms of coverage, in particular, workers’ compensation, that are exposed to risk of loss from a terrorism act. As a result, our results of operations, equity, business and insurer financial strength and debt ratings could be materially adversely impacted by terrorist act losses.

Our premium writings and profitability are affected by the availability and cost of reinsurance.

We purchase reinsurance to help manage our exposure to risk. Under our reinsurance arrangements, another insurer assumes a specified portion of our claim and claim adjustment expenses in exchange for a specified portion of policy premiums. Market conditions determine the availability and cost of the reinsurance protection we purchase, which affects the level of our business and profitability, as well as the level and types of risk we retain. If we are unable to obtain sufficient reinsurance at a cost we deem acceptable, we may be unwilling to bear the increased risk and would reduce the level of our underwriting commitments. Therefore, our financial results of operations could be materially adversely impacted. Additional information on reinsurance is included in Note H to the Consolidated Financial Statements included under Item 8.

We may not be able to collect amounts owed to us by reinsurers.

We have significant amounts recoverable from reinsurers which are reported as receivables in our balance sheets and are estimated in a manner consistent with claim and claim adjustment expense reserves or future policy benefits reserves. The ceding of insurance does not, however, discharge our primary liability for claims. As a result, we are subject to credit risk relating to our ability to recover amounts due from reinsurers. Certain of our reinsurance carriers have experienced deteriorating financial conditions or have been downgraded by rating agencies. A continuation or worsening of the current highly unfavorable global economic conditions, along with the severe disruptions in the capital and credit markets, could similarly impact all of our reinsurers. In addition, reinsurers could dispute amounts which we believe are due to us. If we are not able to collect the amounts due to us from reinsurers, our claims expenses will be higher which could materially adversely affect

our results of operations, equity, business and insurer financial strength and debt ratings. Additional information on reinsurance is included in Note H to the Consolidated Financial Statements included under Item 8.

We face intense competition in our industry and may be adversely affected by the cyclical nature of the property and casualty business.

All aspects of the insurance industry are highly competitive and we must continuously allocate resources to refine and improve our insurance products and services. We compete with a large number of stock and mutual insurance companies and other entities for both distributors and customers. Insurers compete on the basis of factors including products, price, services, ratings and financial strength. We may lose business to competitors offering competitive insurance products at lower prices. The property and casualty market is cyclical and has experienced periods characterized by relatively high levels of price competition, less restrictive underwriting standards and relatively low premium rates, followed by periods of relatively lower levels of competition, more selective underwriting standards and relatively high premium rates. As a result, our premium levels, expense ratio, results of operations, equity, business and insurer financial strength and debt ratings could be materially adversely impacted.

We are dependent on a small number of key executives and other key personnel to operate our business successfully.

Our success substantially depends upon our ability to attract and retain high quality key executives and other employees. We believe there are only a limited number of available qualified executives in the business lines in which we compete. We rely substantially upon the services of our executive officers to implement our business strategy. The loss of the services of any members of our management team or the inability to attract and retain other talented personnel could impede the implementation of our business strategies. We do not maintain key man life insurance policies with respect to any of our employees.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

The 333 S. Wabash Avenue building, located in Chicago, Illinois and owned by CCC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of CNAF, serves as our home office. Our subsidiaries own or lease office space in various cities throughout the United States and in other countries. The following table sets forth certain information with respect to our principal office locations.

		Amount (Square Feet) of Building
		Owned and Occupied or Leased
Location		and Occupied by CNA		Principal Usage
333 S. Wabash Avenue, Chicago, Illinois		845,567		Principal executive offices of CNAF
401 Penn Street, Reading, Pennsylvania		170,143		Property and casualty insurance offices
2405 Lucien Way, Maitland, Florida		124,946		Property and casualty insurance offices
40 Wall Street, New York, New York		107,607		Property and casualty insurance offices
1100 Ward Avenue, Honolulu, Hawaii		104,478		Property and casualty insurance offices
101 S. Phillips Avenue, Sioux Falls, South Dakota		81,101		Property and casualty insurance offices
600 N. Pearl Street, Dallas, Texas		72,240		Property and casualty insurance offices
4267 Meridian Parkway, Aurora, Illinois		70,004		Data Center
675 Placentia Avenue, Brea, California		64,939		Property and casualty insurance offices
1249 South River Road, Cranbury, New Jersey		57,671		Property and casualty insurance offices

We lease the office space described above except for the Chicago, Illinois building, the Reading, Pennsylvania building and the Aurora, Illinois building, which are owned. We consider that our properties are generally in good condition, are well maintained and are suitable and adequate to carry on our business.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Information on our legal proceedings is set forth in Notes F and G of the Consolidated Financial Statements included under Item 8.

ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS

None.

 

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange, the Chicago Stock Exchange and is traded on the Nasdaq, under the symbol CNA.

As of February 20, 2009, we had 269,024,408 shares of common stock outstanding. Approximately 90% of our outstanding common stock is owned by Loews. We had 1,902 stockholders of record as of February 20, 2009 according to the records maintained by our transfer agent.

In November 2008, we issued and Loews purchased $1.25 billion of CNAF non-voting cumulative senior preferred stock, designated the 2008 Senior Preferred Stock (2008 Senior Preferred). The terms of the 2008 Senior Preferred were approved by a special review committee of independent members of CNAF’s Board of Directors. No dividends may be declared on our common stock or any future preferred stock while the 2008 Senior Preferred is outstanding. As such, we have suspended our quarterly common stock dividend payment. We paid $19 million on December 31, 2008, representing the first quarterly dividend payment on the 2008 Senior Preferred. See Note L of the Consolidated Financial Statements included under Item 8 for further details on the 2008 Senior Preferred.

Our Board of Directors has approved an authorization to purchase, in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions, our outstanding common stock, as our management deems appropriate. In the first quarter of 2008, we repurchased a total of 2,649,621 shares at an average price of $26.53 (including commission) per share. Under the terms of the 2008 Senior Preferred discussed above, common stock repurchases are prohibited while the 2008 Senior Preferred is outstanding. No shares of common stock were purchased during 2007.

The table below shows the high and low sales prices for our common stock based on the New York Stock Exchange Composite Transactions.

Common Stock Information

		2008												2007
										Dividends												Dividends
		High				Low				Declared				High				Low				Declared
Quarter:
First		$	35.04			$	23.01			$	0.15			$	44.29			$	39.09			$	—
Second			32.15				24.34				0.15				51.96				42.96				0.10
Third			30.61				21.88				0.15				49.18				37.12				0.10
Fourth			26.70				8.50				—				41.84				32.26				0.15

The following graph compares the total return of our common stock, the Standard & Poor’s (S&P) 500 Index and the S&P 500 Property & Casualty Insurance Index for the five year period from December 31, 2003 through December 31, 2008. The graph assumes that the value of the investment in our common stock and for each index was $100 on December 31, 2003 and that dividends were reinvested.

Stock Price Performance Graph

Company / Index		2003				2004				2005				2006				2007				2008
CNA Financial Corporation			100.00				111.00				135.81				167.30				141.12				69.90
S&P 500 Index			100.00				110.88				116.33				134.70				142.10				89.53
S&P 500 Property & Casualty Insurance Index			100.00				110.42				127.11				143.47				123.44				87.13

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following table presents selected financial data. The table should be read in conjunction with Item 7 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Item 8 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Form 10-K.

Selected Financial Data

As of and for the Years Ended
December 31
(In millions, except per share data)		2008				2007				2006				2005				2004
Results of Operations:
Revenues		$	7,799			$	9,885			$	10,376			$	9,862			$	9,924
Income (loss) from continuing operations		$	(308	)		$	857			$	1,137			$	243			$	446
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax			9				(6	)			(29	)			21				(21	)
Net income (loss)		$	(299	)		$	851			$	1,108			$	264			$	425
Basic Earnings (Loss) Per Share:
Income (loss) from continuing operations		$	(1.21	)		$	3.15			$	4.17			$	0.68			$	1.49
Income (loss) from discontinued operations			0.03				(0.02	)			(0.11	)			0.08				(0.09	)
Basic earnings (loss) per share available to common stockholders		$	(1.18	)		$	3.13			$	4.06			$	0.76			$	1.40
Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Share:
Income (loss) from continuing operations		$	(1.21	)		$	3.15			$	4.16			$	0.68			$	1.49
Income (loss) from discontinued operations			0.03				(0.02	)			(0.11	)			0.08				(0.09	)
Diluted earnings (loss) per share available to common stockholders		$	(1.18	)		$	3.13			$	4.05			$	0.76			$	1.40
Dividends declared per common share		$	0.45			$	0.35			$	—			$	—			$	—
Financial Condition:
Total investments		$	35,003			$	41,789			$	44,096			$	39,695			$	39,231
Total assets			51,688				56,759				60,283				59,016				62,496
Insurance reserves			38,771				40,222				41,080				42,436				43,653
Long and short term debt			2,058				2,157				2,156				1,690				2,257
Stockholders’ equity			6,877				10,150				9,768				8,950				8,974
Book value per common share		$	20.92			$	37.36			$	36.03			$	31.26			$	31.63
Statutory Surplus (preliminary):
Property and casualty companies (a)		$	8,002			$	8,511			$	8,137			$	6,940			$	6,998
Life company			487				471				687				627				1,177

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Overview

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with Item 1A Risk Factors, Item 6 Selected Financial Data and Item 8 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Form 10-K.

Index to this MD&A

Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is comprised of the following sections:

		Page No.
Consolidated Operations		22
Critical Accounting Estimates		25
Reserves — Estimates and Uncertainties		27
Segment Results		33
Standard Lines		34
Specialty Lines		37
Life & Group Non-Core		40
Corporate & Other Non-Core		41
Asbestos and Environmental Pollution (A&E) Reserves		42
Investments		48
Net Investment Income		48
Net Realized Investment Gains (Losses)		49
Gross Unrealized Losses		51
Duration		54
Asset-Backed and Sub-prime Mortgage Exposure		55
Short Term Investments		56
Separate Accounts		56
Liquidity and Capital Resources		57
Cash Flows		57
Common Stock Dividends		58
Share Repurchases		58
Liquidity		58
Commitments, Contingencies, and Guarantees		59
Ratings		59
Accounting Pronouncements		60
Forward-Looking Statements		61

CONSOLIDATED OPERATIONS

Results of Operations

The following table includes the consolidated results of our operations. For more detailed components of our business operations and the net operating income financial measure, see the segment discussions within this MD&A.

Years ended December 31
(In millions, except per share data)		2008				2007				2006
Revenues
Net earned premiums		$	7,151			$	7,484			$	7,603
Net investment income			1,619				2,433				2,412
Other revenues			326				279				275
Total operating revenues			9,096				10,196				10,290
Claims, Benefits and Expenses
Net incurred claims and benefits			5,703				5,995				6,025
Policyholders’ dividends			20				14				22
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs			1,467				1,520				1,534
Other insurance related expenses			694				733				757
Restructuring and other related charges			—				—				(13	)
Other expenses			477				401				401
Total claims, benefits and expenses			8,361				8,663				8,726
Operating income from continuing operations before income tax and minority interest			735				1,533				1,564
Income tax expense on operating income			(145	)			(425	)			(450	)
Minority interest			(57	)			(48	)			(44	)
Net operating income from continuing operations			533				1,060				1,070
Realized investment gains (losses), net of participating policyholders’ and minority interests			(1,297	)			(311	)			86
Income tax (expense) benefit on realized investment gains (losses)			456				108				(19	)
Income (loss) from continuing operations			(308	)			857				1,137
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income tax (expense) benefit of $9, $0 and $7			9				(6	)			(29	)
Net income (loss)		$	(299	)		$	851			$	1,108
Basic Earnings (Loss) Per Share
Income (loss) from continuing operations		$	(1.21	)		$	3.15			$	4.17
Income (loss) from discontinued operations			0.03				(0.02	)			(0.11	)
Basic earnings (loss) per share available to common stockholders		$	(1.18	)		$	3.13			$	4.06
Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Share
Income (loss) from continuing operations		$	(1.21	)		$	3.15			$	4.16
Income (loss) from discontinued operations			0.03				(0.02	)			(0.11	)
Diluted earnings (loss) per share available to common stockholders		$	(1.18	)		$	3.13			$	4.05
Weighted Average Outstanding Common Stock and Common Stock Equivalents
Basic			269.4				271.5				262.1
Diluted			269.4				271.8				262.3

2008 Compared with 2007

Net results decreased $1,150 million in 2008 as compared with 2007. This decrease was due to higher net realized investment losses and decreased net operating income.

Net realized investment losses increased $638 million in 2008 as compared to 2007. The increase was primarily driven by higher impairment losses. See the Investment section of this MD&A for further discussion of net realized investment results.

Net operating income from continuing operations in 2008 decreased $527 million as compared with 2007. The decrease was primarily due to lower net investment income, driven by limited partnership results, and higher catastrophe impacts. Net investment income included a decline in trading portfolio results of $159 million, which was substantially offset by a corresponding decrease in the policyholders’ funds reserves supported by the trading portfolio. See the Investments section of this MD&A for further discussion of net investment income. The catastrophe impacts were $239 million after-tax in 2008, as compared to catastrophe losses of $51 million after-tax in 2007. Net operating income from continuing operations in 2007 included an after-tax loss of $108 million in connection with the settlement of an arbitration proceeding (IGI Contingency), as discussed below.

Favorable net prior year development of $80 million was recorded in 2008 related to our Standard Lines, Specialty Lines and Corporate & Other Non-core segments. This amount consisted of $75 million of favorable claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserve development and $5 million of favorable premium development. Favorable net prior year development of $73 million was recorded in 2007 related to our Standard Lines, Specialty Lines and Corporate & Other Non-core segments. This amount consisted of $38 million of favorable claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserve development and $35 million of favorable premium development. Further information on Net Prior Year Development for 2008 and 2007 is included in Note F of the Consolidated Financial Statements included under Item 8.

Net earned premiums decreased $333 million in 2008 as compared with 2007, including a $314 million decrease related to Standard Lines and a $7 million decrease related to Specialty Lines. See the Segment Results section of this MD&A for further discussion.

Results from discontinued operations improved $15 million in 2008 as compared to 2007. The 2008 results are primarily driven by the recognition in 2008 of a change in estimate of the tax benefit related to the 2007 sale of our United Kingdom discontinued operations subsidiary. The loss in 2007 was primarily driven by unfavorable net prior year development.

2007 Compared with 2006

Net income decreased $257 million in 2007 as compared with 2006. This decrease was primarily due to decreased net realized investment results.

Net realized investment results decreased by $270 million in 2007 compared with 2006. This decrease was primarily driven by higher impairment losses. See the Investments section of this MD&A for further discussion of net investment income and net realized investment results.

Net operating income from continuing operations in 2007 decreased $10 million as compared with 2006. The decrease in net operating income primarily related to the after-tax loss of $108 million related to the settlement of the IGI contingency as discussed in the Life & Group Non-core segment discussion of this MD&A and decreased current accident year underwriting results in our Standard and Specialty Lines segments. The decreased net operating income was partially offset by favorable net prior year development in 2007 as compared to unfavorable net prior year development in 2006 and increased net investment income. The increased net investment income included a decline of net investment income in the trading portfolio of $93 million, a significant portion of which was offset by a corresponding decrease in the policyholders’ funds reserves supported by the trading portfolio.

Favorable net prior year development of $73 million was recorded in 2007 related to our Standard Lines, Specialty Lines and Corporate & Other Non-core segments. This amount consisted of $38 million of favorable claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserve development and $35 million of favorable premium development. Unfavorable net prior year development of $172 million was recorded in 2006 related to our Standard Lines, Specialty Lines and Corporate & Other Non-core segments. This amount consisted of $233 million of unfavorable claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserve development and $61 million of favorable premium development. Further information on Net Prior Year Development for 2007 and 2006 is included in Note F of the Consolidated Financial Statements included under Item 8.

Net earned premiums decreased $119 million in 2007 as compared with 2006, including a $178 million decrease related to Standard Lines and a $73 million increase related to Specialty Lines. See the Segment Results section of this MD&A for further discussion.

Results from discontinued operations improved $23 million in 2007 as compared to 2006. The loss in 2007 was primarily driven by unfavorable net prior year development. Results in 2006 reflected a $29 million impairment loss related to the 2007 sale of a portion of the run-off business. Further information on this impairment loss is included in Note P of the Consolidated Financial Statements included under Item 8.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Consolidated Financial Statements and the amounts of revenues and expenses reported during the period. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

Our Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with GAAP applied on a consistent basis. We continually evaluate the accounting policies and estimates used to prepare the Consolidated Financial Statements. In general, our estimates are based on historical experience, evaluation of current trends, information from third party professionals and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the known facts and circumstances.

The accounting estimates discussed below are considered by us to be critical to an understanding of our Consolidated Financial Statements as their application places the most significant demands on our judgment. Note A of the Consolidated Financial Statements included under Item 8 should be read in conjunction with this section to assist with obtaining an understanding of the underlying accounting policies related to these estimates. Due to the inherent uncertainties involved with these types of judgments, actual results could differ significantly from estimates and may have a material adverse impact on our results of operations or equity.

Insurance Reserves

Insurance reserves are established for both short and long-duration insurance contracts. Short-duration contracts are primarily related to property and casualty insurance policies where the reserving process is based on actuarial estimates of the amount of loss, including amounts for known and unknown claims. Long-duration contracts typically include traditional life insurance, payout annuities and long term care products and are estimated using actuarial estimates about mortality, morbidity and persistency as well as assumptions about expected investment returns. The reserve for unearned premiums on property and casualty and accident and health contracts represents the portion of premiums written related to the unexpired terms of coverage. The inherent risks associated with the reserving process are discussed in the Reserves — Estimates and Uncertainties section below.

Reinsurance

Amounts recoverable from reinsurers are estimated in a manner consistent with claim and claim adjustment expense reserves or future policy benefits reserves and are reported as receivables in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The ceding of insurance does not discharge us of our primary liability under insurance contracts written by us. An exposure exists with respect to property and casualty and life reinsurance ceded to the extent that any reinsurer is unable to meet its obligations or disputes the liabilities assumed under reinsurance agreements. An estimated allowance for doubtful accounts is recorded on the basis of periodic evaluations of balances due from reinsurers, reinsurer solvency, our past experience and current economic conditions. Further information on our reinsurance program is included in Note H of the Consolidated Financial Statements included under Item 8.

Valuation of Investments and Impairment of Securities

Invested assets are exposed to various risks, such as interest rate, market and credit risks. Due to the level of risk associated with certain invested assets and the level of uncertainty related to changes in the fair value of these assets, it is possible that changes in risks in the near term could have an adverse material impact on our results of operations or equity.

Our investment portfolio is subject to market declines below amortized cost that may be other-than-temporary. A significant judgment in the valuation of investments is the determination of when an other-than-temporary impairment has occurred. We have an Impairment Committee, which reviews the investment portfolio on at least a quarterly basis, with ongoing analysis as new information becomes available. Any decline that is determined to be other-than-temporary is recorded as an other-than-temporary impairment loss in the results of operations in the period in which the determination occurred. Further information on our process for evaluating impairments is included in Note B of the Consolidated Financial Statements included under Item 8.

Long Term Care Products

Reserves and deferred acquisition costs for our long term care products are based on certain assumptions including morbidity, policy persistency and interest rates. The recoverability of deferred acquisition costs and the adequacy of the reserves are contingent on actual experience related to these key assumptions and other factors such as future health care cost trends. If actual experience differs from these assumptions, the deferred acquisition costs may not be fully realized and the reserves may not be adequate, requiring us to add to reserves, or take unfavorable development. Therefore, our results of operations or equity could be adversely impacted.

Pension and Postretirement Benefit Obligations

We make a significant number of assumptions in estimating the liabilities and costs related to our pension and postretirement benefit obligations to employees under our benefit plans. The assumptions that most impact these costs are the discount rate, the expected return on plan assets and the rate of compensation increases. These assumptions are evaluated relative to current market factors such as inflation, interest rates and fiscal and monetary policies. Changes in these assumptions can have a material impact on pension obligations and pension expense.

To determine the discount rate assumption as of the year-end measurement date for our CNA Retirement Plan and CNA Retiree Health and Group Benefits Plan, we considered the estimated timing of plan benefit payments and available yields on high quality fixed income debt securities. For this purpose, high quality is considered a rating of Aa or better by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (Moody’s) or a rating of AA or better from Standard & Poor’s (S&P). We reviewed several yield curves constructed using the cash flow characteristics of the plans as well as bond indices as of the measurement date. The year-over-year change of those data points was also considered. Based on this review, management determined that 6.30% and 6.30% were the appropriate discount rates as of December 31, 2008 to calculate our accrued pension and postretirement liabilities. Accordingly, the 6.30% and 6.30% rates will also be used to determine our 2009 pension and postretirement expense. At December 31, 2007, the discount rates used to calculate our accrued pension and postretirement liabilities were 6.00% and 5.875%.

We recorded a benefit of $14 million in 2008 related to the CNA Retirement Plan and CNA Retiree Health and Group Benefits Plan. Based on our current assumptions and investment performance in 2008, our expense for the CNA Retirement Plan and the CNA Retiree Health and Group Benefits Plan will be approximately $49 million for 2009.

Further information on our pension and postretirement benefit obligations is included in Note J of the Consolidated Financial Statements included under Item 8.

Legal Proceedings

We are involved in various legal proceedings that have arisen during the ordinary course of business. We evaluate the facts and circumstances of each situation, and when we determine it is necessary, a liability is estimated and recorded. Further information on our legal proceedings and related contingent liabilities is provided in Notes F and G of the Consolidated Financial Statements included under Item 8.

Income Taxes

We account for taxes under the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the financial statement and tax return bases of assets and liabilities. Any resulting future tax benefits are recognized to the extent that realization of such benefits is more likely than not, and a valuation allowance is established for any portion of a deferred tax asset that management believes will not be realized. The assessment of the need for a valuation allowance requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future earnings, reversal of existing temporary differences and available tax planning strategies. If actual experience differs from these estimates and assumptions, the recorded deferred tax asset may not be fully realized resulting in an increase to income tax expense in our results of operations. In addition, the ability to record deferred tax assets in the future could be limited resulting in a higher effective tax rate in that future period.

Reserves - Estimates and Uncertainties

We maintain reserves to cover our estimated ultimate unpaid liability for claim and claim adjustment expenses, including the estimated cost of the claims adjudication process, for claims that have been reported but not yet settled (case reserves) and claims that have been incurred but not reported (IBNR). Claim and claim adjustment expense reserves are reflected as liabilities and are included on the Consolidated Balance Sheets under the heading “Insurance Reserves.” Adjustments to prior year reserve estimates, if necessary, are reflected in the results of operations in the period that the need for such adjustments is determined. The carried case and IBNR reserves are provided in the Segment Results section of this MD&A and in Note F of the Consolidated Financial Statements included under Item 8.

The level of reserves we maintain represents our best estimate, as of a particular point in time, of what the ultimate settlement and administration of claims will cost based on our assessment of facts and circumstances known at that time. Reserves are not an exact calculation of liability but instead are complex estimates that we derive, generally utilizing a variety of actuarial reserve estimation techniques, from numerous assumptions and expectations about future events, both internal and external, many of which are highly uncertain.

We are subject to the uncertain effects of emerging or potential claims and coverage issues that arise as industry practices and legal, judicial, social and other environmental conditions change. These issues have had, and may continue to have, a negative effect on our business by either extending coverage beyond the original underwriting intent or by increasing the number or size of claims. Examples of emerging or potential claims and coverage issues include:

•		increases in the number and size of claims relating to injuries from medical products;
•		the effects of accounting and financial reporting scandals and other major corporate governance failures, which have resulted in an increase in the number and size of claims, including directors and officers (D&O) and errors and omissions (E&O) insurance claims;
•		class action litigation relating to claims handling and other practices;
•		construction defect claims, including claims for a broad range of additional insured endorsements on policies;
•		clergy abuse claims, including passage of legislation to reopen or extend various statutes of limitations; and
•		mass tort claims, including bodily injury claims related to silica, welding rods, benzene, lead and various other chemical exposure claims.

Our experience has been that establishing reserves for casualty coverages relating to asbestos and environmental pollution (A&E) claim and claim adjustment expenses are subject to uncertainties that are greater than those presented by other claims. Estimating the ultimate cost of both reported and unreported A&E claims are subject to a higher degree of variability due to a number of additional factors, including among others:

•		coverage issues, including whether certain costs are covered under the policies and whether policy limits apply;
•		inconsistent court decisions and developing legal theories;
•		continuing aggressive tactics of plaintiffs’ lawyers;
•		the risks and lack of predictability inherent in major litigation;
•		changes in the volume of A&E claims;
•		the impact of the exhaustion of primary limits and the resulting increase in claims on any umbrella or excess policies we have issued;
•		the number and outcome of direct actions against us; and
•		our ability to recover reinsurance for A&E claims.

It is also not possible to predict changes in the legal and legislative environment and the impact on the future development of A&E claims. This development will be affected by future court decisions and interpretations, as well as changes in applicable legislation. It is difficult to predict the ultimate outcome of large coverage disputes until settlement negotiations near completion and significant legal questions are resolved or, failing settlement, until the dispute is adjudicated. This is particularly the case with policyholders in bankruptcy where negotiations often involve a large number of claimants and other parties and require court approval to be effective. A further uncertainty exists as to whether a national privately financed trust to replace litigation of asbestos claims with payments to claimants from the trust will be established and approved through federal legislation, and, if established and approved, whether it will contain funding requirements in excess of our carried loss reserves.

Traditional actuarial methods and techniques employed to estimate the ultimate cost of claims for more traditional property and casualty exposures are less precise in estimating claim and claim adjustment reserves for A&E, particularly in an environment of emerging or potential claims and coverage issues that arise from industry practices and legal, judicial and social conditions. Therefore, these traditional actuarial methods and techniques are necessarily supplemented with additional estimation techniques and methodologies, many of which involve significant judgments that are required of management. For A&E, we regularly monitor our exposures, including reviews of loss activity, regulatory developments and court rulings. In addition, we perform a comprehensive ground up analysis on our exposures annually. Our actuaries, in conjunction with our specialized claim unit, use various modeling techniques to estimate our overall exposure to known accounts. We use this information and additional modeling techniques to develop loss distributions and claim reporting patterns to determine reserves for accounts that will report A&E exposure in the future. Estimating the average claim size requires analysis of the impact of large losses and claim cost trend based on changes in the cost of repairing or replacing property, changes in the cost of legal fees, judicial decisions, legislative changes, and other factors. Due to the inherent uncertainties in estimating reserves for A&E claim and claim adjustment expenses and the degree of variability due to, among other things, the factors described above, we may be required to record material changes in our claim and claim adjustment expense reserves in the future, should new information become available or other developments emerge. See the A&E Reserves section of this MD&A and Note F of the Consolidated Financial Statements included under Item 8 for additional information relating to A&E claims and reserves.

The impact of these and other unforeseen emerging or potential claims and coverage issues is difficult to predict and could materially adversely affect the adequacy of our claim and claim adjustment expense reserves and could lead to future reserve additions. See the Segment Results sections of this MD&A and Note F of the Consolidated Financial Statements included under Item 8 for a discussion of changes in reserve estimates and the impact on our results of operations.

Establishing Reserve Estimates

In developing claim and claim adjustment expense (“loss” or “losses”) reserve estimates, our actuaries perform detailed reserve analyses that are staggered throughout the year. The data is organized at a “product” level. A product can be a line of business covering a subset of insureds such as commercial automobile liability for small and middle market customers, it can encompass several lines of business provided to a specific set of customers such as dentists, or it can be a particular type of claim such as construction defect. Every product is analyzed at least once during the year, and many products are analyzed multiple times. The analyses generally review losses gross of ceded reinsurance and apply the ceded reinsurance terms to the gross estimates to establish estimates net of reinsurance. In addition to the detailed analyses, we review actual loss emergence for all products each quarter.

The detailed analyses use a variety of generally accepted actuarial methods and techniques to produce a number of estimates of ultimate loss. Our actuaries determine a point estimate of ultimate loss by reviewing the various estimates and assigning weight to each estimate given the characteristics of the product being reviewed. The reserve estimate is the difference between the estimated ultimate loss and the losses paid to date. The difference between the estimated ultimate loss and the case incurred loss (paid loss plus case reserve) is IBNR. IBNR calculated as such includes a provision for development on known cases (supplemental development) as well as a provision for claims that have occurred but have not yet been reported (pure IBNR).

Most of our business can be characterized as long-tail. For long-tail business, it will generally be several years between the time the business is written and the time when all claims are settled. Our long-tail exposures include commercial automobile liability, workers’ compensation, general liability, medical malpractice, other professional liability coverages, assumed reinsurance run-off and products liability. Short-tail exposures include property, commercial automobile physical damage, marine and warranty. Each of our property/casualty segments, Standard Lines, Specialty Lines and Corporate & Other Non-Core, contain both long-tail and short-tail exposures.

The methods used to project ultimate loss for both long-tail and short-tail exposures include, but are not limited to, the following:

•

Paid Development,

•

Incurred Development,

•

Loss Ratio,

•

Bornhuetter-Ferguson Using Premiums and Paid Loss,

•

Bornhuetter-Ferguson Using Premiums and Incurred Loss, and

•

Average Loss.

The paid development method estimates ultimate losses by reviewing paid loss patterns and applying them to accident years with further expected changes in paid loss. Selection of the paid loss pattern requires analysis of several factors including the impact of inflation on claims costs, the rate at which claims professionals make claim payments and close claims, the impact of judicial decisions, the impact of underwriting changes, the impact of large claim payments and other factors. Claim cost inflation itself requires evaluation of changes in the cost of repairing or replacing property, changes in the cost of medical care, changes in the cost of wage replacement, judicial decisions, legislative changes and other factors. Because this method assumes that losses are paid at a consistent rate, changes in any of these factors can impact the results. Since the method does not rely on case reserves, it is not directly influenced by changes in the adequacy of case reserves.

For many products, paid loss data for recent periods may be too immature or erratic for accurate predictions. This situation often exists for long-tail exposures. In addition, changes in the factors described above may result in inconsistent payment patterns. Finally, estimating the paid loss pattern subsequent to the most mature point available in the data analyzed often involves considerable uncertainty for long-tail products such as workers’ compensation.

The incurred development method is similar to the paid development method, but it uses case incurred losses instead of paid losses. Since the method uses more data (case reserves in addition to paid losses) than the paid development method, the incurred development patterns may be less variable than paid patterns. However, selection of the incurred loss pattern requires analysis of all of the factors above. In addition, the inclusion of case reserves can lead to distortions if changes in case reserving practices have taken place, and the use of case incurred losses may not eliminate the issues associated with estimating the incurred loss pattern subsequent to the most mature point available.

The loss ratio method multiplies premiums by an expected loss ratio to produce ultimate loss estimates for each accident year. This method may be useful if loss development patterns are inconsistent, losses emerge very slowly, or there is relatively little loss history from which to estimate future losses. The selection of the expected loss ratio requires analysis of loss ratios from earlier accident years or pricing studies and analysis of inflationary trends, frequency trends, rate changes, underwriting changes, and other applicable factors.

The Bornhuetter-Ferguson using premiums and paid loss method is a combination of the paid development approach and the loss ratio approach. The method normally determines expected loss ratios similar to the approach used to estimate the expected loss ratio for the loss ratio method and requires analysis of the same factors described above. The method assumes that only future losses will develop at the expected loss ratio level. The percent of paid loss to ultimate loss implied from the paid development method is used to determine what percentage of ultimate loss is yet to be paid. The use of the pattern from the paid

development method requires consideration of all factors listed in the description of the paid development method. The estimate of losses yet to be paid is added to current paid losses to estimate the ultimate loss for each year. This method will react very slowly if actual ultimate loss ratios are different from expectations due to changes not accounted for by the expected loss ratio calculation.

The Bornhuetter-Ferguson using premiums and incurred loss method is similar to the Bornhuetter-Ferguson using premiums and paid loss method except that it uses case incurred losses. The use of case incurred losses instead of paid losses can result in development patterns that are less variable than paid patterns. However, the inclusion of case reserves can lead to distortions if changes in case reserving have taken place, and the method requires analysis of all the factors that need to be reviewed for the loss ratio and incurred development methods.

The average loss method multiplies a projected number of ultimate claims by an estimated ultimate average loss for each accident year to produce ultimate loss estimates. Since projections of the ultimate number of claims are often less variable than projections of ultimate loss, this method can provide more reliable results for products where loss development patterns are inconsistent or too variable to be relied on exclusively. In addition, this method can more directly account for changes in coverage that impact the number and size of claims. However, this method can be difficult to apply to situations where very large claims or a substantial number of unusual claims result in volatile average claim sizes. Projecting the ultimate number of claims requires analysis of several factors including the rate at which policyholders report claims to us, the impact of judicial decisions, the impact of underwriting changes and other factors. Estimating the ultimate average loss requires analysis of the impact of large losses and claim cost trend based on changes in the cost of repairing or replacing property, changes in the cost of medical care, changes in the cost of wage replacement, judicial decisions, legislative changes and other factors.

For other more complex products where the above methods may not produce reliable indications, we use additional methods tailored to the characteristics of the specific situation. Such products include construction defect losses and A&E.

For construction defect losses, our actuaries organize losses by report year. Report year groups claims by the year in which they were reported. To estimate losses from claims that have not been reported, various extrapolation techniques are applied to the pattern of claims that have been reported to estimate the number of claims yet to be reported. This process requires analysis of several factors including the rate at which policyholders report claims to us, the impact of judicial decisions, the impact of underwriting changes and other factors. An average claim size is determined from past experience and applied to the number of unreported claims to estimate reserves for these claims.

For many exposures, especially those that can be considered long-tail, a particular accident year may not have a sufficient volume of paid losses to produce a statistically reliable estimate of ultimate losses. In such a case, our actuaries typically assign more weight to the incurred development method than to the paid development method. As claims continue to settle and the volume of paid loss increases, the actuaries may assign additional weight to the paid development method. For most of our products, even the incurred losses for accident years that are early in the claim settlement process will not be of sufficient volume to produce a reliable estimate of ultimate losses. In these cases, we will not assign any weight to the paid and incurred development methods. We will use loss ratio, Bornhuetter-Ferguson and average loss methods. For short-tail exposures, the paid and incurred development methods can often be relied on sooner primarily because our history includes a sufficient number of years to cover the entire period over which paid and incurred losses are expected to change. However, we may also use loss ratio, Bornhuetter-Ferguson and average loss methods for short-tail exposures.

Periodic Reserve Reviews

The reserve analyses performed by our actuaries result in point estimates. Each quarter, the results of the detailed reserve reviews are summarized and discussed with our senior management to determine the best estimate of reserves. This group considers many factors in making this decision. The factors include, but are not limited to, the historical pattern and volatility of the actuarial indications, the sensitivity of the actuarial indications to changes in paid and incurred loss patterns, the consistency of claims handling processes, the consistency of case reserving practices, changes in our pricing and underwriting, and overall pricing and underwriting trends in the insurance market.

Our recorded reserves reflect our best estimate as of a particular point in time based upon known facts, current law and our judgment. The carried reserve may differ from the actuarial point estimate as the result of our consideration of the factors noted above as well as the potential volatility of the projections associated with the specific product being analyzed and other factors impacting claims costs that may not be quantifiable through traditional actuarial analysis. This process results in management’s best estimate which is then recorded as the loss reserve.

Currently, our reserves are slightly higher than the actuarial point estimate. We do not establish a specific provision for uncertainty. For Standard Lines, the difference between our reserves and the actuarial point estimate is primarily due to the three most recent accident years because the claim data from these accident years is very immature. For Specialty Lines, the difference between our reserves and the actuarial point estimate is spread more broadly across accident years reflecting the volatility of claim outcomes. We believe it is prudent to wait until actual experience confirms that the loss reserves should be adjusted. For Corporate & Other Non-Core, the carried reserve is slightly higher than the actuarial point estimate. For A&E exposures, we feel it is prudent, based on the history of developments in this area and the volatility associated with the reserves, to be above the point estimate until the ultimate outcome of the issues associated with these exposures is clearer.

The key assumptions fundamental to the reserving process are often different for various products and accident years. Some of these assumptions are explicit assumptions that are required of a particular method, but most of the assumptions are implicit and cannot be precisely quantified. An example of an explicit assumption is the pattern employed in the paid development method. However, the assumed pattern is itself based on several implicit assumptions such as the impact of inflation on medical costs and the rate at which claim professionals close claims. As a result, the effect on reserve estimates of a particular change in assumptions usually cannot be specifically quantified, and changes in these assumptions cannot be tracked over time.

Our recorded reserves are management’s best estimate. In order to provide an indication of the variability associated with our net reserves, the following discussion provides a sensitivity analysis that shows the approximate estimated impact of variations in the most significant factor affecting our reserve estimates for particular types of business. These significant factors are the ones that could most likely materially impact the reserves. This discussion covers the major types of business for which we believe a material deviation to our reserves is reasonably possible. There can be no assurance that actual experience will be consistent with the current assumptions or with the variation indicated by the discussion. In addition, there can be no assurance that other factors and assumptions will not have a material impact on our reserves.

Within Standard Lines, the two types of business for which we believe a material deviation to our net reserves is reasonably possible are workers’ compensation and general liability.

For Standard Lines workers’ compensation, since many years will pass from the time the business is written until all claim payments have been made, claim cost inflation on claim payments is the most significant factor affecting workers’ compensation reserve estimates. Workers’ compensation claim cost inflation is driven by the cost of medical care, the cost of wage replacement, expected claimant lifetimes, judicial decisions, legislative changes and other factors. If estimated workers’ compensation claim cost inflation increases by 100 basis points for the entire period over which claim payments will be made, we estimate that our net reserves would increase by approximately $500 million. If estimated workers’ compensation claim cost inflation decreases by 100 basis points for the entire period over which claim payments will be made, we estimate that our net reserves would decrease by approximately $450 million. Our net reserves for Standard Lines workers’ compensation were approximately $4.8 billion at December 31, 2008.

For Standard Lines general liability, the predominant method used for estimating reserves is the incurred development method. Changes in the cost to repair or replace property, the cost of medical care, the cost of wage replacement, judicial decisions, legislation and other factors all impact the pattern selected in this method. The pattern selected results in the incurred development factor that estimates future changes in case incurred loss. If the estimated incurred development factor for general liability increases by 12%, we estimate that our net reserves would increase by approximately $250 million. If the estimated incurred development factor for general liability decreases by 10%, we estimate that our net reserves would decrease

by approximately $200 million. Our net reserves for Standard Lines general liability were approximately $3.3 billion at December 31, 2008.

Within Specialty Lines, we believe a material deviation to our net reserves is reasonably possible for professional liability and related business in the U.S. Specialty Lines group. This business includes professional liability coverages provided to various professional firms, including architects, realtors, small and mid-sized accounting firms, law firms and technology firms. This business also includes D&O, employment practices, fiduciary and fidelity coverages as well as insurance products serving the healthcare delivery system. The most significant factor affecting reserve estimates for this business is claim severity. Claim severity is driven by the cost of medical care, the cost of wage replacement, legal fees, judicial decisions, legislation and other factors. Underwriting and claim handling decisions such as the classes of business written and individual claim settlement decisions can also impact claim severity. If the estimated claim severity increases by 9%, we estimate that the net reserves would increase by approximately $400 million. If the estimated claim severity decreases by 3%, we estimate that net reserves would decrease by approximately $150 million. Our net reserves for this business were approximately $4.8 billion at December 31, 2008.

Within Corporate & Other Non-Core, the two types of business for which we believe a material deviation to our net reserves is reasonably possible are CNA Re and A&E.

For CNA Re, the predominant method used for estimating reserves is the incurred development method. Changes in the cost to repair or replace property, the cost of medical care, the cost of wage replacement, the rate at which ceding companies report claims, judicial decisions, legislation and other factors all impact the incurred development pattern for CNA Re. The pattern selected results in the incurred development factor that estimates future changes in case incurred loss. If the estimated incurred development factor for CNA Re increases by 24%, we estimate that our net reserves for CNA Re would increase by approximately $125 million. If the estimated incurred development factor for CNA Re decreases by 18%, we estimate that our net reserves would decrease by approximately $100 million. Our net reserves for CNA Re were approximately $0.7 billion at December 31, 2008.

For A&E, the most significant factor affecting reserve estimates is overall account size trend. Overall account size trend for A&E reflects the combined impact of economic trends (inflation), changes in the types of defendants involved, the expected mix of asbestos disease types, judicial decisions, legislation and other factors. If the estimated overall account size trend for A&E increases by 400 basis points, we estimate that our A&E net reserves would increase by approximately $250 million. If the estimated overall account size trend for A&E decreases by 400 basis points, we estimate that our A&E net reserves would decrease by approximately $150 million. Our net reserves for A&E were approximately $1.5 billion at December 31, 2008.

Given the factors described above, it is not possible to quantify precisely the ultimate exposure represented by claims and related litigation. As a result, we regularly review the adequacy of our reserves and reassess our reserve estimates as historical loss experience develops, additional claims are reported and settled and additional information becomes available in subsequent periods.

In light of the many uncertainties associated with establishing the estimates and making the assumptions necessary to establish reserve levels, we review our reserve estimates on a regular basis and make adjustments in the period that the need for such adjustments is determined. These reviews have resulted in our identification of information and trends that have caused us to increase our reserves in prior periods and could lead to the identification of a need for additional material increases in claim and claim adjustment expense reserves, which could materially adversely affect our results of operations, equity, business and insurer financial strength and debt ratings. See the Ratings section of this MD&A for further information regarding our financial strength and debt ratings.

Segment Results

The following discusses the results of continuing operations for our operating segments.

CNA’s core property and casualty commercial insurance operations are reported in two business segments: Standard Lines and Specialty Lines. Standard Lines includes standard property and casualty coverages sold to small businesses and middle market entities and organizations in the U.S. primarily through an independent agency distribution system. Standard Lines also includes commercial insurance and risk management products sold to large corporations in the U.S. primarily through insurance brokers. Specialty Lines provides a broad array of professional, financial and specialty property and casualty products and services, including excess and surplus lines, primarily through insurance brokers and managing general underwriters. Specialty Lines also includes insurance coverages sold globally through our foreign operations (CNA Global).

Our property and casualty field structure consists of 32 branch locations across the country organized into 2 territories. The Centralized Processing Operation for small and middle-market customers, located in Maitland, Florida, handles policy processing, billing and collection activities, and also acts as a call center to optimize customer service. The claims structure consists of a centralized claim center designed to efficiently handle property damage and medical only claims and 14 claim office locations around the country handling the more complex claims.

We utilize the net operating income financial measure to monitor our operations. Net operating income is calculated by excluding from net income the after-tax effects of 1) net realized investment gains or losses, 2) income or loss from discontinued operations and 3) any cumulative effects of changes in accounting principles. See further discussion regarding how we manage our business in Note N of the Consolidated Financial Statements included under Item 8. In evaluating the results of our Standard Lines and Specialty Lines segments, we utilize the loss ratio, the expense ratio, the dividend ratio, and the combined ratio. These ratios are calculated using GAAP financial results. The loss ratio is the percentage of net incurred claim and claim adjustment expenses to net earned premiums. The expense ratio is the percentage of insurance underwriting and acquisition expenses, including the amortization of deferred acquisition costs, to net earned premiums. The dividend ratio is the ratio of policyholders’ dividends incurred to net earned premiums. The combined ratio is the sum of the loss, expense and dividend ratios.

Changes in estimates of claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserves and premium accruals, net of reinsurance, for prior years are defined as net prior year development within this MD&A. These changes can be favorable or unfavorable. Net prior year development does not include the impact of related acquisition expenses. Further information on our reserves is provided in Note F of the Consolidated Financial Statements included under Item 8.

STANDARD LINES

Business Overview

Standard Lines works with an independent agency distribution system and network of brokers to market a broad range of property and casualty insurance products and services domestically, primarily to small, middle-market and large businesses and organizations. The Standard Lines operating model focuses on underwriting performance, relationships with selected distribution sources and understanding customer needs. Property products provide standard and excess property coverages, as well as marine coverage, and boiler and machinery. Casualty products provide standard casualty insurance products such as workers’ compensation, general and product liability and commercial auto coverage through traditional products. Most insurance programs are provided on a guaranteed cost basis; however, we also offer specialized loss-sensitive insurance programs to those customers viewed as higher risk and less predictable in exposure.

These property and casualty products are offered as part of our Business and Commercial insurance groups. Our Business insurance group serves our smaller commercial accounts and the Commercial insurance group serves our middle markets and our larger risks. In addition, Standard Lines provides total risk management services relating to claim and information services to the large commercial insurance marketplace, through a wholly-owned subsidiary, CNA ClaimPlus, Inc., a third party administrator.

The following table details results of operations for Standard Lines.

Results of Operations

Years ended December 31		2008				2007				2006
(In millions)
Net written premiums		$	3,054			$	3,267			$	3,598
Net earned premiums			3,065				3,379				3,557
Net investment income			506				878				840
Net operating income			221				602				446
Net realized investment gains (losses), after-tax			(317	)			(97	)			48
Net income (loss)			(96	)			505				494
Ratios
Loss and loss adjustment expense			75.4	%			67.4	%			72.5	%
Expense			31.6				32.5				31.6
Dividend			—				0.2				0.5
Combined			107.0	%			100.1	%			104.6	%

2008 Compared with 2007

Net written premiums for Standard Lines decreased $213 million in 2008 as compared with 2007. Premiums written in 2008 were unfavorably impacted by competitive market conditions resulting in decreased production, as compared with 2007, across both our Business and Commercial Insurance groups. The competitive market conditions may put ongoing pressure on premium and income levels, and the expense ratio. This unfavorable impact was partially offset by decreased ceded premiums. Net earned premiums decreased $314 million in 2008 as compared with 2007, consistent with the decreased net written premiums.

Standard Lines averaged rate decreases of 5% for 2008, as compared to decreases of 4% for 2007 for the contracts that renewed during those periods. Retention rates of 82% and 78% were achieved for those contracts that were available for renewal in each period.

Net results decreased $601 million in 2008 as compared with 2007. This decrease was attributable to decreased net operating income and higher net realized investment losses. See the Investments section of this MD&A for further discussion of the net realized investment results and net investment income.

Net operating income decreased $381 million in 2008 as compared with 2007. This decrease was primarily driven by significantly lower net investment income and higher catastrophe impacts. The catastrophe impacts were $227 million after-tax in 2008, which included a $7 million after-tax catastrophe-related insurance assessment, as compared to catastrophe losses of $48 million after-tax in 2007.

In 2008, the amount due from policyholders related to losses under deductible policies within Standard Lines was reduced by $90 million for insolvent insureds. The reduction of this amount, which is reflected as unfavorable net prior year reserve development, had no effect on 2008 results of operations as the Company had previously recognized provisions in prior years. These impacts were reported in Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits in the 2008 Consolidated Statement of Operations.

The combined ratio increased 6.9 points in 2008 as compared with 2007. The loss ratio increased 8.0 points primarily due to increased catastrophe losses. Catastrophes losses related to 2008 events had an adverse impact of 11.1 points on the loss ratio in 2008 compared with an adverse impact of 2.2 points in 2007.

The expense ratio decreased 0.9 points in 2008 as compared with 2007 primarily related to changes in the assessment rates imposed by certain states for insurance-related assessments. The dividend ratio decreased 0.2 points in 2008 as compared with 2007 due to increased favorable dividend development in the workers’ compensation line of business.

Favorable net prior year development of $18 million was recorded in 2008, including $34 million of favorable claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserve development and $16 million of unfavorable premium development. Excluding the impact of the $90 million of unfavorable net prior year reserve development discussed above, which had no net impact on the 2008 results of operations, favorable net prior year development was $108 million. Favorable net prior year development of $123 million, including $104 million of favorable claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserve development and $19 million of favorable premium development, was recorded in 2007. Further information on Standard Lines net prior year development for 2008 and 2007 is included in Note F of the Consolidated Financial Statements included under Item 8.

The following table summarizes the gross and net carried reserves as of December 31, 2008 and 2007 for Standard Lines.

Gross and Net Carried
Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves

December 31		2008				2007
(In millions)
Gross Case Reserves		$	6,158			$	5,988
Gross IBNR Reserves			5,890				6,060
Total Gross Carried Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves		$	12,048			$	12,048
Net Case Reserves		$	4,995			$	4,750
Net IBNR Reserves			4,875				5,170
Total Net Carried Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves		$	9,870			$	9,920