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Citigroup 10-Q 2005 QuickLinks -- Click here to rapidly navigate through this document
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION FORM 10-Q
Commission file number 1-9924 Citigroup Inc.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ý No o Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock as of the latest practicable date: Common stock outstanding as of March 31, 2005: 5,202,176,347 Available on the Web at www.citigroup.com
2 Citigroup Inc. (Citigroup and, together with its subsidiaries, the Company) is a diversified global financial services holding company whose businesses provide a broad range of financial services to consumer and corporate customers, with more than 200 million customer accounts doing business in more than 100 countries. Citigroup was incorporated in 1988 under the laws of the State of Delaware. The Company's activities are conducted through the Global Consumer, Corporate and Investment Banking (CIB) (formerly Global Corporate and Investment Bank), Global Wealth Management, Asset Management and Alternative Investments (formerly Proprietary Investment Activities) business segments. The Company is a bank holding company within the meaning of the U.S. Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 (BHC Act) registered with, and subject to examination by, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (FRB). Certain of the Company's subsidiaries are subject to supervision and examination by their respective federal and state authorities. This quarterly report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with Citigroup's 2004 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The periodic reports of Citicorp, Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. (CGMHI) (formerly Salomon Smith Barney Holdings Inc.), The Student Loan Corporation (STU), The Travelers Insurance Company (TIC) and Travelers Life and Annuity Company (TLAC), subsidiaries of the Company that make filings pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), provide additional business and financial information concerning those companies and their consolidated subsidiaries. The principal executive offices of the Company are located at 399 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10043, telephone number 212 559 1000. Additional information about Citigroup is available on the Company's website at www.citigroup.com. Citigroup's annual report on Form 10-K, its quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and its current reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to these reports, are available free of charge through the Company's website by clicking on the "Investor Relations" page and selecting "SEC Filings." The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) website contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding the Company at www.sec.gov. Global Consumer delivers a wide array of banking, lending, insurance and investment services through a network of local branches, offices, and electronic delivery systems, including ATMs, Automated Lending Machines (ALMs), the Internet, and the Primerica Financial Services (Primerica) sales force. The Global Consumer businesses serve individual consumers as well as small businesses. Global Consumer includes Cards, Consumer Finance, Retail Banking and Other Consumer. Cards provides MasterCard, VISA, Diner's Club and private label credit and charge cards. North America Cards includes the operations of Citi Cards, the Company's primary brand in North America, and Mexico Cards. International Cards provides credit and charge cards to customers in Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA), Japan, Asia and Latin America. Consumer Finance provides community-based lending services through branch networks, regional sales offices and cross-selling initiatives with other Citigroup businesses. The business of CitiFinancial is included in North America Consumer Finance. As of March 31, 2005, North America Consumer Finance maintained 2,669 offices, including 2,452 in the U.S., Canada, and Puerto Rico, and 217 offices in Mexico, while International Consumer Finance maintained 1,534 sales points, including 405 branches and 523 ALMs in Japan. Consumer Finance offers real-estate-secured loans, unsecured and partially secured personal loans, auto loans and loans to finance consumer-goods purchases. In addition, CitiFinancial, through certain subsidiaries and third parties, makes available various credit-related and other insurance products to its U.S. customers. Retail Banking provides banking, lending, investment and insurance services to customers through retail branches, electronic delivery systems, and the Primerica sales force. In North America, Retail Banking includes the operations of Retail Distribution, the Commercial Business, Prime Home Finance, Student Loans, Primerica, and Mexico Retail Banking. Retail Distribution delivers banking, lending, investment and insurance services through 883 branches in the U.S. and Puerto Rico and through Citibank Online, an Internet bank. The Commercial Business provides equipment leasing and financing, and banking services to small- and middle-market businesses. The Prime Home Finance business originates and services mortgages for customers across the U.S. The Student Loan business is comprised of the origination and servicing of student loans in the U.S. The business operations of Primerica involve the sale, mainly in North America, of life insurance and other products manufactured by its affiliates, including Smith Barney mutual funds, CitiFinancial mortgages and personal loans and the products of our Life Insurance and Annuities business (currently reflected as a discontinued operation). The Primerica sales force is composed of more than 100,000 independent representatives. Mexico Retail Banking consists of the branch banking operations of Banamex, which maintains 1,346 branches, and the Banamex insurance operations formerly reported in the Life Insurance and Annuities business. International Retail Banking consists of 1,144 branches and provides full-service banking, investment and insurance services in EMEA, Japan, Asia, and Latin America. In addition to North 3 America, the Commercial Business consists of the suite of products and services offered to small- and middle-market businesses in the international regions.
Corporate and Investment Banking (CIB) provides corporations, governments, institutions and investors in approximately 100 countries with a broad range of financial products and services. CIB includes Capital Markets and Banking, Transaction Services and Other Corporate. Capital Markets and Banking offers a wide array of investment and commercial banking services and products, including investment banking, debt and equity trading, institutional brokerage, advisory services, foreign exchange, structured products, derivatives, and lending. Transaction Services is comprised of Cash Management, Trade Services and Global Securities Services (GSS). Cash Management and Trade Services provide comprehensive cash management and trade finance for corporations and financial institutions worldwide. GSS provides custody and fund services to investors such as insurance companies and pension funds, clearing services to intermediaries such as broker/dealers and depository and agency/trust services to multinational corporations and governments globally. Global Wealth Management is comprised of the Smith Barney Private Client and Global Equity Research businesses and the Citigroup Private Bank. Through its Smith Barney network of Financial Consultants and Private Bank offices, Global Wealth Management is one of the leading providers of wealth management services to high-net-worth and affluent clients in the world. Smith Barney provides investment advice, financial planning and brokerage services to affluent individuals, small and mid-size companies, non-profits and large corporations through a network of more than 12,000 Financial Consultants in more than 500 offices primarily in the U.S. In addition, Smith Barney provides independent client-focused research to individuals and institutions around the world. A significant portion of Smith Barney's revenue is generated from fees earned by managing client assets as well as commissions earned as a broker for its clients in the purchase and sale of securities. Additionally, Smith Barney generates net interest revenue by financing customers' securities transactions and other borrowing needs through security-based lending. Smith Barney also receives commissions and other sales and service revenues through the sale of proprietary and third-party mutual funds. As part of Smith Barney, Global Equity Research produces equity research to serve both institutional and individual investor clients. The majority of expenses for Global Equity Research are allocated to the Global Equities business within CIB and Smith Barney businesses. Private Bank provides personalized wealth management services for high-net-worth clients in 33 countries and territories. With a global network of Private Bankers and Product Specialists, Private Bank leverages its extensive experience with clients' needs and its access to Citigroup to provide clients with comprehensive investment management, investment finance and banking services. Investment management services include investment funds management and capital markets solutions, as well as trust, fiduciary and custody services. Investment finance provides standard and tailored credit services including real estate financing, commitments and letters of credit, while Banking includes services for deposit, checking and savings accounts, as well as cash management and other traditional banking services. Asset Management includes Citigroup Asset Management, the Banamex asset management and retirement services businesses and Citigroup's other retirement services businesses in North America and Latin America. These businesses offer institutional, high-net-worth and retail clients a broad range of investment alternatives from investment centers located around the world. Products and services offered include mutual funds, closed-end funds, separately managed accounts, unit investment trusts, alternative investments, variable annuities through affiliated and third-party insurance companies, and pension administration services. 4 Alternative Investments (through the Citigroup Alternative Investments (CAI) business) manages certain of Citigroup's proprietary and third-party investments. CAI's expansive product offering includes investments in private equity, hedge funds, managed futures, real estate, and a variety of fixed income alternatives (credit structures). The proprietary portfolio is composed primarily of private equity investments made globally on a direct and indirect basis in a variety of industries. The proprietary portfolio also includes shares of St. Paul Travelers Companies Inc. (St. Paul). Corporate/Other includes net treasury results, corporate expenses, certain intersegment eliminations, the results of discontinued operations, and taxes not allocated to the individual businesses. 5
Financial Summary
6 The following tables show the net income (loss) for Citigroup's businesses both on a product view and on a regional view: Citigroup Net Income—Product View
7 Citigroup Net Income—Regional View
8 Income from continuing operations of $5.168 billion in the 2005 first quarter was up 3% from the 2004 first quarter. The strength of the Company's Global Consumer and Alternative Investments businesses more than offset weaknesses in the Wealth Management and Asset Management businesses. Revenue growth of 6% during the quarter was driven by record revenues in Retail Banking, Transaction Services and Fixed Income Markets. These increases were diversified across the Company's six regions. Expenses increased 12% from year-ago levels. Approximately half of the increase was driven by $435 million in repositioning costs, as well as growth in investment spending. The remaining growth was split equally between acquisitions/foreign exchange and underlying growth. Expenses were flat compared to the 2004 fourth quarter. The results for the 2005 first quarter reflect the Company's focus on combining world-class products and superior customer service to increase business volumes while maintaining expense discipline. Average loans increased 14% during the quarter, average deposits grew by 15% and average earning assets were up 16%. During the first quarter, the Company continued to invest in its franchises, adding 83 net new branches. The credit environment continued to remain favorable for the Company. Global Consumer loss rates in the quarter improved to 2.62% on a managed basis, excluding commercial business, representing an 11 basis point decline from the 2004 fourth quarter. Corporate cash-basis loans declined 9% from December 31, 2004, to $1.73 billion. The Company did not record significant loan loss reserve releases from an improved credit environment during the quarter, as it had during the past several quarters. During the 2005 first quarter, Citigroup announced the sale of substantially all of Life Insurance and Annuities, the sale of a portfolio of manufactured housing loans and completed the sale of CitiCapital's Transportation Finance Business. The Company continued to allocate resources to build its growth franchises through branch expansion, advertising, technology and people. The Company closed the acquisition of First American Bank (FAB), providing an important presence in the attractive Texas retail banking market. All of these actions reflect a sharpened focus on Citigroup's long-term growth and a rigorous approach to the use of shareholders' capital. The Company's equity surpassed $110 billion, with equity capital and trust preferred securities growing to more than $116 billion at March 31, 2005. In January 2005, the Board of Directors increased the quarterly dividend by 10 percent to 44 cents per share. The Company paid out $2.3 billion in dividends during the quarter to its common shareholders, an increase of 11% from the year-ago quarter. The Company maintained its "well-capitalized" position with a Tier 1 Capital Ratio of 8.78% at the end of the quarter. The Company reported a return on common equity in excess of 20%. In April 2005, the Board authorized the repurchase of up to an additional $15 billion of our common stock bringing the total authorization to $16.3 billion. The Company repurchased 19 million shares during the 2005 first quarter. During the 2005 first quarter, the Company began the implementation of its Five Point Plan. The Five Point Plan strengthens a foundation of values, priorities and internal controls that are essential for sustained long-term growth. Implementation of the Five Point Plan is the Company's top priority. In connection with its approval of the FAB transaction, the Federal Reserve Board (FRB) said in its order, dated March 16, 2005, that it expected Citigroup would not "undertake significant expansion during the implementation period [of the Five Point Plan]. The [FRB] believes it important that management's attention not be diverted from these efforts by the demands that mergers and acquisitions place on management resources." Certain of the above statements are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act. See "Forward-Looking Statements" on page 64. 9 EVENTS IN 2005 and 2004 Certain of the statements below are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act. See "Forward-Looking Statements" on page 64. Sale of Travelers Life & Annuity and Substantially All International Insurance Businesses On January 31, 2005, the Company announced an agreement for the sale of Citigroup's Travelers Life & Annuity, and substantially all of Citigroup's international insurance businesses, to MetLife, Inc. (MetLife) for $11.5 billion, subject to closing adjustments. The transaction has been approved by the Boards of Directors of both companies. Under the terms of the transaction, Citigroup will receive up to $3.0 billion in MetLife equity securities and the balance in cash, which will result in an after-tax gain of approximately $2.0 billion, subject to closing adjustments. The transaction encompasses Travelers Life & Annuity's U.S. businesses and its international operations other than Citigroup's life business in Mexico (which is now included within Retail Banking). International operations include wholly owned insurance companies in the United Kingdom, Belgium, Australia, Brazil, Argentina, and Poland; joint ventures in Japan and Hong Kong; and offices in China. The sale transaction also includes Citigroup's Argentine pension business. (The transaction described in the preceding two paragraphs is referred to herein as the Sale of the Life Insurance & Annuities Business). In connection with the transaction, Citigroup and MetLife have entered into ten-year agreements under which MetLife will make products available through certain Citigroup distribution channels, subject to appropriate suitability and other standards. The transaction is subject to certain domestic and international regulatory approvals, as well as other customary conditions to closing, and is expected to close during the 2005 third quarter. The businesses being acquired by MetLife generated total revenues of $1.4 billion and $1.2 billion and net income of $273 million and $249 million, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004. These businesses had total assets of $95 billion at March 31, 2005. The Sale of the Life Insurance & Annuities Business will allow Citigroup to redeploy capital to higher growth and higher return opportunities and to maximize shareholder returns, including the repurchase of shares. The businesses being sold were the primary vehicles through which Citigroup engaged in the Life Insurance and Annuities business. Results for all of the businesses included in the Sale of the Life Insurance & Annuities Business are recorded separately as Discontinued Operations for all periods presented. The assets and liabilities of the businesses being sold are included in Assets of discontinued operations held for sale and Liabilities of discontinued operations held for sale on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Repositioning Charges The Company recorded $435 million ($272 million after-tax) in charges during the 2005 first quarter for repositioning costs. The repositioning charges were predominantly severance-related costs recorded in CIB ($151 million after-tax) and in Global Consumer ($95 million after-tax). These repositioning actions are consistent with the Company's objectives of controlling expenses while continuing to invest in growth opportunities. Resolution of Glendale Litigation During the 2005 first quarter, the Company recorded a $72 million after-tax gain following the resolution of Glendale Federal Bank v. United States, an action brought by Glendale Federal Bank, a predecessor to Citibank (West), FSB, against the United States government. Acquisition of First American Bank On March 31, 2005, Citigroup completed its acquisition of First American Bank in Texas (FAB). The transaction establishes Citigroup's retail branch presence in Texas, giving Citigroup 106 branches, $4.2 billion in assets and approximately 120,000 new customers in the state. Divestiture of the Manufactured Housing Loan Portfolio In March 2005, Citigroup announced an agreement to sell its manufactured housing loan portfolio, consisting of $1.4 billion in loans, to 21st Mortgage Corp. The Company recognized a $109 million after-tax loss in the 2005 first quarter related to the divestiture. The sale is subject to customary regulatory approvals. 10 Divestiture of CitiCapital's Transportation Finance Business On November 22, 2004, the Company reached an agreement to sell CitiCapital's Transportation Finance Business based in Dallas and Toronto to GE Commercial Finance for total cash consideration of approximately $4.6 billion. The sale, which was completed on January 31, 2005, resulted in an after-tax gain of $111 million. Shutdown of the Private Bank in Japan and Related Charge and Other Activities in Japan The Financial Services Agency of Japan (FSA) issued an administrative order against Citibank Japan in September 2004. This order requires Citigroup to exit all private banking operations in Japan by September 30, 2005. In accordance with the order, the Private Bank division of Citibank Japan suspended all new transactions with its customers beginning on September 29, 2004. In connection with the exiting of private banking operations in Japan, the Company is performing a comprehensive review of the Private Bank's customers and products to develop an appropriate exit plan. During the 2004 fourth quarter, the Company recorded a $400 million ($244 million after-tax) charge related to its anticipated exit plan implementation (Exit Plan Charge). Implementation of the plan may result in additional charges in future periods. The Company's Private Bank operations in Japan had total revenues, net of interest expense, of $200 million and net income of $39 million (excluding the Exit Plan Charge) during the year ended December 31, 2004 and $264 million and $83 million, respectively, for 2003. On October 25, 2004, Citigroup announced its decision to wind down Cititrust and Banking Corporation (Cititrust), a licensed trust bank in Japan, after concluding that there were internal control, compliance and governance issues in that subsidiary. On April 22, 2005, the FSA issued an administrative order requiring Cititrust to suspend from engaging in all new trust business beginning May 2, 2005. Cititrust is continuing to assure an orderly transition of its relationships with clients. Sale of Samba Financial Group On June 15, 2004, the Company sold, for cash, its 20% equity investment in The Samba Financial Group (Samba), formerly known as the Saudi American Bank, to the Public Investment Fund, a Saudi public sector entity. Citigroup recognized an after-tax gain of $756 million ($1.168 billion pretax) on the sale during the 2004 second quarter. The gain was recognized equally between Global Consumer and CIB. Acquisition of KorAm Bank On April 30, 2004, Citigroup completed its tender offer to purchase all the outstanding shares of KorAm Bank (KorAm) at a price of KRW 15,500 per share in cash. In total, Citigroup has acquired 99.9% of KorAm's outstanding shares for a total of KRW 3.14 trillion ($2.7 billion). The results of KorAm are included in the Consolidated Financial Statements from May 2004 forward. KorAm is a leading commercial bank in Korea, with 223 domestic branches and total assets at June 30, 2004 of $37 billion. During the 2004 fourth quarter, KorAm was merged with the Citibank Korea branch to form Citibank Korea Inc. Credit During the 2005 first quarter, the Company continued to experience a favorable world-wide credit environment. The Company released $20 million of general reserves from Global Consumer during the 2005 first quarter consisting of a $17 million net release in the Consumer Finance portfolio and a $3 million net release in Retail Banking. CIB had no general builds or releases during this period. During the 2005 first quarter, the allowance for credit losses declined by $129 million related to credit card securitizations and by $90 million from the sale of CitiCapital's Transportation Finance Business. At March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004, the Company's total allowance for loans, leases and commitments was $11.494 billion and $11.869 billion, respectively. During the 2004 first quarter, the Company released $171 million of reserves, consisting of $150 million in CIB and $21 million in Global Consumer. At March 31, 2004, the Company's total allowance for loans, leases and commitments was $13.106 billion. Management evaluates the adequacy of loan loss reserves by analyzing probable loss scenarios and economic and geopolitical factors that impact the portfolios. See pages 40 - 44 herein and pages 42 - 43 of Citigroup's 2004 Annual Report on Form 10-K for an additional discussion of the reserve levels and credit process. 11 Divestiture of Citicorp Electronic Financial Services Inc. During January 2004, the Company completed the sale for cash of Citicorp's Electronic Financial Services Inc. (EFS) for $390 million (pretax). EFS is a provider of government-issued benefits payments and prepaid stored value cards used by state and federal government agencies, as well as of stored value services for private institutions. The sale of EFS resulted in an after-tax gain of $180 million in the 2004 first quarter. Acquisition of Washington Mutual Finance Corporation On January 9, 2004, Citigroup completed the acquisition of Washington Mutual Finance Corporation (WMF) for $1.25 billion in cash. WMF was the consumer finance subsidiary of Washington Mutual, Inc. WMF provides direct consumer installment loans and real-estate-secured loans, as well as sales finance and the sale of insurance. The acquisition included 427 WMF offices located in 26 states, primarily in the Southeastern and Southwestern United States, and total assets of $3.8 billion. Citicorp has guaranteed all outstanding unsecured indebtedness of WMF in connection with this acquisition. The results of WMF are included in the Consolidated Financial Statements from January 2004 forward. 12 Results of Operations Income and Earnings Per Share Net income in the 2005 first quarter was $5.441 billion, or $1.04 per diluted share, both up 3% from $5.273 billion or $1.01 in the 2004 first quarter. Citigroup reported income from continuing operations of $5.168 billion, or $0.99 per diluted share, in the 2005 first quarter, both up 3% from $5.024 billion or $0.96 in the 2004 first quarter. Return on average common equity was 20.3% compared to 21.3% a year ago. Global Consumer net income increased $231 million, or 9%, compared to the 2004 first quarter, Corporate and Investment Banking decreased $28 million, or 2%, and Global Wealth Management decreased $93 million, or 23%. Asset Management decreased $26 million, or 25%, while Alternative Investments increased $336 million from the 2004 first quarter. See individual segment and product discussions on pages 16 - 35 for additional discussion and analysis of the Company's results of operations. Revenues, Net of Interest Expense Total revenues, net of interest expense, of $21.5 billion in the 2005 first quarter were up $1.3 billion, or 6%, from the 2004 first quarter. Global Consumer revenues were up $481 million, or 4%, in the 2005 first quarter to $12.1 billion, led by a $644 million, or 15%, increase in Retail Banking, reflecting the gain on the divestiture of CitiCapital's Transportation Finance Business and the gain on the resolution of Glendale litigation, as well as growth in customer volumes, and a $62 million, or 2%, increase in Consumer Finance, reflecting an increase in average loans partially offset by a decrease of $22 million in Cards due to spread compression driven by increased cost of funds and higher payment rates versus the prior-year period. Corporate and Investment Banking revenues of $6.0 billion in the 2005 first quarter increased $563 million, or 10%, from the 2004 first quarter, including a $368 million or 8% increase in Capital Markets and Banking, reflecting record fixed income market revenue and increased customer activity. Transaction Services increased $195 million or 21% from the 2004 first quarter primarily reflecting higher customer volumes. Global Wealth Management revenues of $2.2 billion decreased $132 million, or 6%, from the prior-year period. Smith Barney decreased $63 million, or 4%, from the 2004 first quarter due to the decline in transactional revenue resulting from lower client trading activity. Private Bank decreased $69 million or 12% from the prior year due to the continued wind-down of the Japan business and a decrease in transactional revenue. Asset Management decreased $48 million or 10% from the 2004 first quarter primarily due to a decrease in customer activity. Alternative Investments in the 2005 first quarter increased $686 million from a year ago, primarily due to positive mark-to-market valuations in the private equity portfolio. Selected Revenue Items Net interest revenue of $10.1 billion decreased $530 million, or 5%, from year-ago levels, reflecting the impact of a changing rate environment, business volume growth in certain markets and the impact of acquisitions. Total commissions, asset management and administration fees, and other fee revenues of $6.0 billion increased by $188 million, or 3%, compared to the 2004 first quarter, primarily as a result of higher levels of assets under custody and clearing settlement volumes in Transaction Services and Smith Barney. Principal transactions revenues of $2.2 billion were up $904 million or 69% from a year ago due to increases in commodities trading and favorable positioning as interest rates increased. Realized gains from sales of investments were up $112 million to $243 million in the 2005 first quarter, primarily due to favorable market fluctuations during the quarter. Other revenue of $2.2 billion increased $490 million, or 29%, from the 2004 first quarter, primarily reflecting increased securitization gains and activity and higher private equity valuations. 13 Operating Expenses Total operating expenses were $11.7 billion for the 2005 first quarter, up $1.2 billion, or 12%, from the comparable 2004 period. The increase includes a $435 million charge for repositioning costs, along with increased costs related to acquisitions and higher investment spending. Global Consumer expenses were up 10% from the 2004 first quarter, driven by acquisitions as well as increased marketing and advertising costs and repositioning costs. CIB expenses increased 21% from the 2004 first quarter primarily reflecting repositioning costs and increases in non-compensation expenses. Global Wealth Management increased expenses 2% as compared to the prior year's first quarter and Asset Management noted a 1% increase. Alternative Investments expenses increased 21% from 2004 levels. Benefits, Claims, and Credit Losses Benefits, claims, and credit losses were $2.0 billion in the 2005 first quarter, down $427 million, or 17%, from the 2004 first quarter. Global Consumer provisions for benefits, claims, and credit losses of $2.1 billion in the 2005 first quarter were down $410 million, or 16%, from the 2004 first quarter due to a better overall credit environment, reflecting decreases in Cardsand Consumer Finance, partially offset by increases in Retail Banking. Total net credit losses (excluding Commercial Business) were $1.899 billion and the related loss ratio was 1.98% in the first quarter of 2005, as compared to $2.257 billion and 2.68% in the 2004 first quarter. The consumer loan delinquency ratio (90 days or more past due) decreased to 1.92% at March 31, 2005 from 2.27% at March 31, 2004. See page 42 for a reconciliation of total consumer credit information. Corporate and Investment Banking reported net recoveries in the provision for credit losses of ($56) million in the 2005 first quarter, due to recoveries reflecting improved credit quality in the corporate loan portfolio. Corporate cash-basis loans at March 31, 2005 and 2004 were $1.7 billion and $2.9 billion, respectively, while the corporate Other Real Estate Owned (OREO) portfolio totaled $127 million and $94 million, respectively. The decrease in corporate cash-basis loans from March 31, 2004, was related to improvements in the overall credit environment, write-offs, as well as sales of loans in the portfolio. Corporate cash-basis loans at March 31, 2005, decreased $174 million from December 31, 2004. Income Taxes The Company's effective tax rate 32.1% in the 2005 first quarter compared to 31.2% in the 2004 first quarter. The 2004 rate included a credit to the tax provision of $150 million as a result of the closing of certain tax return audits. Regulatory Capital Total capital (Tier 1 and Tier 2) was $103.6 billion, or 12.03%, of net risk-adjusted assets, and Tier 1 capital was $75.5 billion, or 8.78%, of net risk-adjusted assets at March 31, 2005, compared to $100.9 billion, or 11.85%, and $74.4 billion, or 8.74%, respectively, at December 31, 2004. 14 Accounting Changes and Future Application of Accounting Standards See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of Accounting Changes and the Future Application of Accounting Standards. Significant Accounting Policies The Company's accounting policies are fundamental to understanding management's discussion and analysis of results of operations and financial condition. The Company has identified five policies as being significant because they require management to make subjective and/or complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain. These policies relate to Valuations of Financial Instruments, Allowance for Credit Losses, Securitizations, Income Taxes and Legal Reserves. The Company, in consultation with the Audit and Risk Management Committee of the Board of Directors, has reviewed and approved these significant accounting policies, which are further described in the Company's 2004 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The net income line in the following business segment and operating unit discussions excludes discontinued operations. Income from discontinued operations is disclosed within the Corporate/Other business segment. In addition, the Mexico insurance business is now reported within the Retail Banking business. See Notes 4 and 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period's presentation. 15
Global Consumer reported net income of $2.819 billion in the 2005 first quarter, up $231 million or 9% from the prior-year period, driven by double-digit growth across all products, partially offset by a $109 million after-tax loss on the sale of a Manufactured Housing Loan portfolio in Other Consumer. Retail Banking net income increased $150 million or 13% in the 2005 first quarter, primarily reflecting a $111 million after-tax gain on the sale of the CitiCapital Transportation Finance business, a $72 million after-tax gain relating to the resolution of the Glendale litigation, and growth in Asia and Mexico, partially offset by a decline in EMEA due to repositioning costs. Cards net income increased $106 million or 11% in the 2005 first quarter primarily due to an improved credit environment and the impact of securitization gains in North America, growth in sales and volumes, and the benefit of foreign currency translation in International Cards. Consumer Finance net income increased $62 million or 11% in the 2005 first quarter primarily due to lower credit losses, lower expenses and higher volumes in North America, as well as improved International Consumer Finance results due to lower credit losses in Japan and growth in personal loans in Asia; this was partially offset by a deterioration in EMEA, which included repositioning and branch expansion costs. On March 31, 2005, Citigroup acquired First American Bank in Texas (FAB), which includes 106 branches, $4.2 billion in assets and approximately 120,000 customers in the state of Texas. On July 1, 2004, Citigroup acquired Principal Residential Mortgage, Inc. (PRMI), a servicing portfolio of $115 billion. In the 2004 second quarter, Citigroup completed the acquisition of KorAm, which added $10.0 billion in deposits and $12.6 billion in loans, with $11.5 billion in Retail Banking and $1.1 billion in Cards at June 30, 2004. In January 2004, Citigroup completed the acquisition of Washington Mutual Finance (WMF), which added $3.8 billion in average loans and 427 loan offices. These business acquisitions were accounted for as purchases; therefore, their results are included in the Global Consumer results from the dates of acquisition. Global Consumer has divested itself of several non-strategic businesses and portfolios as opportunities to exit became available. These divestitures include a $1.4 billion Manufactured Housing Loan portfolio and the CitiCapital Transportation Finance business, consisting of $4.3 billion of assets, in the 2005 first quarter; Global Consumer's share of Citigroup's 20% stake in Samba in the 2004 second quarter, and a $900 million vendor finance leasing business in Europe in the 2004 fourth quarter. Global Consumer Net Income—Regional View
The increase in Global Consumer net income in the 2005 first quarter reflected growth in all regions except EMEA, where year-over-year comparisons were affected by repositioning costs, higher investment expenses due to branch expansion and higher credit losses. North America (excluding Mexico) net income grew $157 million or 9%, primarily reflecting the sale of the CitiCapital Transportation Finance business and the resolution of the Glendale litigation in Retail Banking and an improved credit environment, partially offset by the loss on the sale of a Manufactured Housing Loan portfolio in Other Consumer. Net income in Mexico grew $57 million or 28%, driven by improved customer volumes in Cards and Retail Banking. Net income in EMEA declined $84 million or 41%, primarily due to the impact of repositioning costs of $66 million after-tax ($104 million pretax), as well as business deterioration in the UK's Consumer Finance and Cards businesses, partially offset by the benefit of foreign currency translation. Income in Japan 16 increased by $33 million or 23% reflecting lower credit costs, primarily driven by lower bankruptcies in Consumer Finance. Growth in Asia of $64 million or 26% was mainly due to higher deposit and branch lending revenues and higher investment product sales in Retail Banking, increased loans and sales in Cards, the addition of KorAm, and the benefit of strengthening currencies. The increase in Latin America of $4 million or 9% was mainly due to increased loans and sales in Cards, partially offset by a decline in Retail Banking, primarily due to the impact of repositioning costs of $8 million after-tax ($12 million pretax). Cards
Cards reported net income of $1.086 billion in the 2005 first quarter, up $106 million or 11% from the 2004 first quarter. North America Cards reported net income of $911 million, up $79 million or 9% over 2004, mainly reflecting lower net credit losses as a result of the improved credit environment and the impact of securitization gains, partially offset by lower net interest revenue due to increased cost of funds and higher payment rates. International Cards net income of $175 million increased $27 million or 18% over 2004, reflecting higher sales and volumes, the impact of the KorAm acquisition, the benefit of foreign currency translation and lower taxes, partially offset by the impact of repositioning costs of $13 million pretax ($9 million after-tax). As shown in the following table, average managed loans grew 5% from the 2004 first quarter, reflecting growth of 3% in North America and 23% in International Cards. Growth in North America is primarily the result of increased marketing efforts in the U.S. and growth in Mexico accounts. International Cards growth reflected increases in all regions and also included the benefit of the KorAm acquisition and strengthening currencies. Total card sales were $86.4 billion, up 9% from the 2004 first quarter. North America sales were up 6% over the prior-year quarter to $71.7 billion, reflecting higher purchase volumes. International Cards sales grew 30% over the prior-year quarter to $14.7 billion, reflecting broad-based growth led by Asia, which included the KorAm acquisition, and the benefit of strengthening currencies.
Revenues, net of interest expense, of $4.576 billion in the 2005 first quarter were essentially unchanged from the prior-year quarter, reflecting a decline in North America of $119 million or 3% and an increase in International Cards of $97 million or 13%. The decline in North America was mainly due to the impact of higher cost of funds and increased payment rates resulting from the overall improved economy, partially offset by higher securitization-related gains of $258 million, higher purchase sales and increased loans in Mexico. Citigroup recognizes a gain on sale upon the securitization of credit card receivables. Prior to 2005, this gain was allocated 17 between Other Revenue and the Provision for Credit Losses, which reflected the portion of the Allowance for Credit Losses related to the receivables sold. Commencing in 2005, the entire gain on sale upon securitization is recorded in Other Revenue. In the 2005 first quarter, Other Revenue includes $258 million of gains, of which $129 million corresponds to the allowance for credit losses for the receivables sold. Revenue growth in International Cards reflected the benefit of increased loans and sales in all regions, as well as the benefit of foreign currency translation. Leading the growth was Asia, which included the impact of the KorAm acquisition, and Latin America. Offsetting this increase were declines resulting from the repositioning of our UK Cards and Diners' Club businesses in EMEA. Operating expenses of $2.077 billion were $139 million or 7% higher than the prior-year quarter, reflecting the impact of the KorAm acquisition, repositioning actions, foreign currency translation, and higher purchased credit card receivable amortization in North America. Repositioning expenses were $32 million pretax, with $19 million in North America and $13 million internationally. The provision for credit losses was $910 million in the 2005 first quarter, compared to $1.228 billion in the prior-year quarter. The decline in the provision for credit losses was mainly in North America and reflected the impact of an improved credit environment and higher levels of securitizations. The securitization of credit card receivables is limited to the Citi Cards business within North America. At March 31, 2005, securitized credit card receivables were $87.7 billon, compared to $76.2 billion at March 31, 2004. There was $0.6 billion in credit card receivables held for sale at March 31, 2005, compared to zero at March 31, 2004. Securitization changes Citigroup's role from that of a lender to that of a loan servicer, as receivables are removed from the balance sheet but continue to be serviced by Citigroup. As a result, securitization affects the amount of revenue and the manner in which revenue and the provision for credit losses are recorded with respect to securitized receivables. A gain is recorded at the time receivables are securitized, representing the difference between the carrying value of the receivables removed from the balance sheet and the fair value of the proceeds received and interests retained. Interests retained from securitization transactions include interest-only strips, which represent the present value of estimated excess cash flows associated with securitized receivables (including estimated credit losses). Collections of these excess cash flows are recorded as commissions and fees revenue (for servicing fees) or other revenue. For loans not securitized, these excess cash flows would otherwise be reported as gross amounts of net interest revenue, commissions and fees revenue and credit losses. In addition to interest-only strip assets, Citigroup may retain one or more tranches of certificates issued in securitization transactions, provide escrow cash accounts or subordinate certain principal receivables to collateralize the securitization interests sold to third parties. However, Citigroup's exposure to credit losses on securitized receivables is limited to the amount of the interests retained and collateral provided. Including securitized receivables and receivables held for sale, managed net credit losses in the 2005 first quarter were $2.081 billion, with a related loss ratio of 5.23%, compared to $2.150 billion and 5.33% in the 2004 fourth quarter, and $2.554 billion and 6.69% in the 2004 first quarter. In North America, the 2005 first quarter net credit loss ratio of 5.50% declined from 5.59% in the 2004 fourth quarter and 6.99% in the 2004 first quarter. In International Cards, the 2005 first quarter net credit loss ratio of 3.08% declined from 3.16% in the 2004 fourth quarter and 3.85% in the 2004 first quarter. The decline in these ratios from the prior quarter and prior year was primarily due to the improved credit environment, with the international ratios slightly offset by higher ratios in the UK Cards and Diners Club businesses. Loans delinquent 90 days or more on a managed basis were $2.753 billion, or 1.74% of loans, at March 31, 2005, compared to $2.944 billion or 1.78% at December 31, 2004 and $3.152 billion or 2.08% at March 31, 2004. The decline in delinquent loans from the prior quarter and prior year was primarily attributable to improved economic environments across most regions. A summary of delinquency and net credit loss experience related to the on-balance sheet loan portfolio is included in the table on page 41. 18 Consumer Finance
Consumer Finance reported net income of $629 million in the 2005 first quarter, up $62 million or 11% from the 2004 first quarter, reflecting continued growth in North America of $56 million or 13% and improvements in International Consumer Finance of $6 million or 5%. Growth in North America was driven by lower credit losses due to the improved credit environment, lower expenses, and higher revenues due to volumes, partially offset by spread compression. The improved international results reflect increases in Japan from lower credit losses and Asia from personal loan growth, partially offset by a deterioration in EMEA driven by repositioning costs, higher expenses related to branch expansion and higher credit losses in the UK.
As shown in the preceding table, average loans grew $6.8 billion or 7% compared to the 2004 first quarter, reflecting growth in North America of $5.9 billion or 8%, and in International Consumer Finance of $0.9 billion or 4%. Growth in North America resulted from an increase in all products, driven by real estate-secured and auto loans, with the growth in real-estate-secured loans mainly reflecting portfolio acquisitions. Growth in the international markets was mainly driven by an increase in real estate-secured and personal loan portfolios in EMEA and Asia, and the impact of strengthening currencies, partially offset by a continued decline in EMEA auto loans. In Japan, average loans declined 8% from the comparable 2004 period, as the benefit of foreign currency translation was more than offset by the impact of higher pay-downs and reduced loan demand. As shown in the following table, the average net interest margin ratio of 9.84% in the 2005 first quarter decreased 32 basis points from 2004, reflecting spread compression in North America, where the average net interest margin was 8.23%, a decline of 46 basis points from the prior-year quarter. The decline in North America resulted from lower yields in the real estate secured, auto and personal loan businesses, which continue to reflect the shift towards higher-quality loans. The average net interest margin for International Consumer Finance was 15.70% in the 2005 first quarter, increasing 35 basis points from the prior-year quarter, primarily driven by higher yields in Japan and Asia. The increase in Japan was primarily driven by a change in recording adjustments and refunds of interest in Japan. Prior to the 2004 second quarter, a portion of adjustments and refunds of interest charged to customer accounts were treated as reductions in net interest margin. For all subsequent periods, such adjustments and refunds of interest were accounted for in net credit losses. If all adjustments and refunds of interest were accounted for in net credit losses, the average net interest margin ratio for International Consumer Finance in the 2004 first quarter would have been 15.93%.
Revenues, net of interest expense, of $2.750 billion in the 2005 first quarter, increased $62 million or 2% from the 2004 first quarter. Revenues, net of interest expense, in North America increased $10 million or 1% from 2004, due to growth in receivables, and capital 19 gains related to repositioning of assets in the insurance investment portfolio, partially offset by the impact of the lower yields. Revenue in International Consumer Finance increased $52 million or 6% from the 2004 first quarter, mainly due to growth in Asia, EMEA, and Latin America, as well as the impact of foreign currency translation. Japan declined excluding the impact of foreign currency translation due to lower volumes. Operating expenses of $960 million in the 2005 first quarter increased $37 million or 4% from the prior-year period due to higher Consumer Finance International expenses of $77 million or 23%, offset by lower expenses in North America of $40 million or 7%. The increase in International was primarily due to repositioning costs in EMEA of $38 million, the impact of foreign currency translation, investment spending associated with branch expansions in Asia, EMEA and Latin America, partially offset by expense savings from branch closings and headcount reductions in Japan. The decline in North America resulted from efficiencies gained from the WMF integration and reductions in legal, and credit and collection costs. The provisions for benefits, claims, and credit losses were $817 million in the 2005 first quarter, down from $910 million in the 2004 fourth quarter, and $916 million in the 2004 first quarter, primarily reflecting lower net credit losses due to improved credit conditions, a $17 million credit reserve release and the shift to better credit quality portfolios in the U.S., and lower credit losses in Japan due to lower bankruptcy losses. Net credit losses and the related loss ratio were $797 million and 3.08% in the 2005 first quarter, compared to $872 million and 3.33% in the 2004 fourth quarter, and $870 million and 3.57% in the 2004 first quarter. In North America, the 2005 first quarter net credit loss ratio of 2.40% was down from 2.61% in the 2004 fourth quarter and 2.79% in the 2004 first quarter, primarily reflecting improvements in the auto and real-estate secured loans, reflecting better overall credit conditions in the market and the shift to better credit quality portfolios. The net credit loss ratio for International Consumer Finance was 5.59% in the 2005 first quarter, down from 5.92% in the 2004 fourth quarter and 6.31% in the 2004 first quarter. The decrease was driven by lower bankruptcy losses in Japan, and was offset by higher loss rates in all other regions, but primarily EMEA. Adjusting the 2004 first quarter net credit loss ratio for the change in treatment of adjustments and refunds of interest in Japan, as discussed above, would have resulted in an International Consumer Finance net credit loss ratio of 6.89%. Loans delinquent 90 days or more were $1.875 billion or 1.80% of loans at March 31, 2005, compared to $2.014 billion or 1.90% at December 31, 2004 and $2.127 billion or 2.15% at March 31, 2004. The decrease in the delinquency ratio versus the prior quarter and prior year was mainly due to improvements in North America and Japan, and was partially offset by increases in EMEA. Retail Banking
Retail Banking reported net income of $1.285 billion in the 2005 first quarter, up $150 million or 13% from the 2004 first quarter. The increase in Retail Banking was driven by growth in North America Retail Banking of $166 million or 22%, primarily due to a $111 million after-tax gain on the sale of the CitiCapital Transportation Finance business, a $72 million after-tax gain relating to the resolution of the Glendale litigation, and growth in Mexico. International Retail Banking net income declined $16 million or 4% driven by declines in EMEA of $39 million or 30%, partially offset by improvements in Asia of $30 million or 18%. The decline in EMEA primarily resulted from higher expenses due to repositioning costs of $36 million after-tax ($58 million pretax), continued investment spending, and higher credit losses, partially offset by revenue growth. The increase in Asia primarily resulted from the KorAm acquisition and broad-based revenue growth, partially offset by continued investment spending. 20
As shown in the preceding table, Retail Banking grew 2005 first quarter average customer deposits and average loans by 10% and 24%, respectively, from the prior-year period. Average customer deposit growth in North America of 6% primarily reflected increases in higher-margin demand balances in Retail Distribution, the Commercial Business and Mexico, in money market deposits in Retail Distribution, and in Prime Home Finance mortgage escrow deposits due to the PRMI acquisition, partially offset by declines in Retail Distribution time deposits. Average loan growth in North America of 19% reflected increases in Prime Home Finance, Student Loans, Retail Distribution and Mexico, partially offset by a decline in the Commercial Business primarily due to the 2005 first quarter sale of the CitiCapital Transportation Finance business. In the international markets, average customer deposits grew 17% from the prior year, driven by growth in Asia, EMEA and Latin America, which included the benefits of the KorAm acquisition and foreign currency translation. International Retail Banking average loans grew 43%, primarily reflecting the KorAm acquisition, the impact of foreign currency translation and growth in mortgages and personal loans. As shown in the following table, revenues, net of interest expense, of $4.947 billion in the 2005 first quarter increased $644 million or 15% from the 2004 period. Revenues in North America of $3.307 billion increased $409 million or 14% in the 2005 first quarter primarily driven by the sale of the CitiCapital Transportation Finance Business, the resolution of the Glendale litigation, loan and deposit growth, and higher net interest margin in Prime Home Finance, partially offset by lower treasury revenues. Retail Distribution revenues grew $101 million or 13% primarily due to the resolution of the Glendale litigation of $110 million ($72 million after-tax) and the impact of higher loan and deposit volumes, partially offset by lower treasury earnings and fee revenues. The Commercial Business revenues grew $204 million or 43% mainly due to the gain on the sale of the CitiCapital Transportation Finance Business of $161 million ($111 million after-tax) and the reclassification of operating leases from loans to other assets and the related operating lease depreciation expense from revenue to expense, partially offset by lower revenues from the absence of the sold transportation business and lower treasury earnings. The reclassification of operating leases, which began in the 2004 second quarter, increased both revenues and expenses by $123 million in the 2005 first quarter. Prime Home Finance revenues grew $50 million or 11% due to higher net interest margin in the home equity and mortgage businesses, as well as the benefit of the PRMI acquisition, partially offset by lower net servicing and securitization revenues. Student loan revenues declined $17 million or 11% primarily due to lower net interest margin and the absence of a 2004 first quarter securitization gain. Primerica revenues grew $20 million or 4% primarily due to increased life insurance premium revenues from higher volumes, the impact of higher loan volumes and higher realized investment gains, partially offset by lower investment portfolio earnings. Mexico revenues increased $51 million or 9% driven by higher loan, deposit and investment volumes, partially offset by lower treasury earnings, which included the impact of higher capital funding costs. International Retail Banking revenues increased $235 million or 17% in the 2005 first quarter, reflecting improvements in Asia, EMEA and Latin America, and included the impact of strengthening currencies and the addition of KorAm, partially offset by a slight decline in Japan. Excluding the impact of foreign currency translation and KorAm, growth in Asia, EMEA and Latin America was driven by higher deposit and branch lending revenues. The decline in Japan was driven primarily by declines in investment product fees and deposit revenues. 21
Operating expenses in the 2005 first quarter increased $402 million or 18% from the comparable 2004 period. In North America, operating expense growth of $157 million or 10% was mainly driven by the impact of the operating lease reclassification in the Commercial Business of $123 million, repositioning costs of $10 million pretax ($6 million after-tax), higher investment spending and volume-related costs in Retail Distribution, and the impact of the PRMI acquisition. International Retail Banking operating expenses increased $245 million or 33%, mainly reflecting repositioning costs in EMEA of $58 million pretax ($36 million after-tax) and Latin America of $12 million pretax ($8 million after-tax), the impact of foreign currency translation, the addition of KorAm in Asia, and increased investment spending primarily related to branch expansion in Asia, EMEA and Latin America. The provisions for benefits, claims and credit losses were $375 million in the 2005 first quarter, up from $368 million in the prior-year period, reflecting higher net credit losses in EMEA, primarily Germany; the absence of a prior-year recovery in Mexico; and the impact of the KorAm acquisition, partially offset by lower credit losses in the Commercial Business due to the improved credit quality of the portfolio. Net credit losses (excluding the Commercial Business) were $192 million and the related loss ratio was 0.46% in the 2005 first quarter, compared to $186 million and 0.46% in the 2004 fourth quarter and $155 million and 0.49% in the prior-year first quarter. The decrease in the net credit loss ratio (excluding the Commercial Business) from the prior-year first quarter was mainly due to the improved credit environment, partially offset by the absence of a prior-year recovery in Mexico. Commercial Business net credit losses were $26 million and the related loss ratio was 0.28% in the 2005 first quarter, compared to $90 million and 0.89% in the 2004 fourth quarter and $50 million and 0.51% in the prior-year first quarter. The improvement in the Commercial Business net credit losses from the prior-year first quarter reflects the improved credit environment, partially offset by higher losses in Asia. Loans delinquent 90 days or more (excluding the Commercial Business) were $3.992 billion or 2.30% of loans at March 31, 2005, compared to $4.094 billion or 2.47% at December 31, 2004, and $3.698 billion or 2.86% a year ago. Compared to a year ago, the increase in delinquent loans was primarily due to Prime Home Finance, reflecting the impact of a GNMA portfolio that was purchased in the PRMI acquisition, the impact of foreign currency translation, increases in Student Loans and the addition of KorAm, partially offset by declines in EMEA, primarily Germany, and Latin America. Cash-basis loans in the Commercial Business were $593 million or 1.56% of loans at March 31, 2005, compared to $735 million or 1.78% at December 31, 2004 and $1.213 billion or 3.11% a year ago. The decrease in cash-basis loans from the prior year was mainly due to declines in North America (excluding Mexico), where the business continued to work through the liquidation of non-core portfolios, including the sale of the CitiCapital Transportation Finance Business in the 2005 first quarter, and declines in Mexico and EMEA. Average assets of $294 billion in the 2005 first quarter increased $53 billion or 22% from the comparable 2004 period. The increase primarily reflected growth in average loans in Prime Home Finance, the impact of the KorAm and PRMI acquisitions, and the impact of foreign currency translation, partially offset by reductions in the Commercial Business due to continued liquidation of non-core portfolios, including the sale of the CitiCapital Transportation Finance business. 22 Other Consumer
Other Consumer—which includes certain treasury and other unallocated staff functions, global marketing and other programs—reported a loss of $181 million in the 2005 first quarter, compared to a loss of $94 million in the prior-year quarter. The decline in income from the prior-year period reflects the 2005 first quarter loss on the sale of a Manufactured Housing Loan portfolio of $109 million after-tax. Excluding this item, the reduction in losses in the 2005 first quarter was primarily due to the absence of prior-year provisions for litigation reserves, partially offset by higher global marketing and staff-related costs, and lower treasury results, including the impact of higher capital funding costs. Revenues, expenses, and the provision for benefits, claims, and credit losses reflect offsets to certain line-item reclassifications reported in other Global Consumer products. 23
Corporate and Investment Banking reported net income of $1.679 billion in the 2005 first quarter, down $28 million or 2% from the 2004 first quarter. The 2005 period reflects a decrease of $38 million or 3% in Capital Markets and Banking, partially offset by an increase of $11 million or 5% in Transaction Services. Other Corporate reported a net loss of $5 million in the 2005 first quarter, compared with a net loss of $4 million in the 2004 first quarter. Capital Markets and Banking net income of $1.439 billion in the 2005 first quarter decreased $38 million or 3% compared to the 2004 first quarter, primarily due to higher operating expenses, including $212 million pretax in repositioning costs pretax and higher compensation and benefits, partially offset by higher revenues from Fixed Income Markets and Investment Banking. Transaction Services net income of $245 million in the 2005 first quarter increased $11 million or 5% from the 2004 first quarter, primarily due to higher revenue reflecting increased liability balances held on behalf of customers and growth in assets under custody, partially offset by higher expenses and increased credit costs. The businesses of CIB are significantly affected by the levels of activity in the global capital markets which, in turn, are influenced by macro-economic and political policies and developments, among other factors, in approximately 100 countries in which the businesses operate. Global economic and market events can have both positive and negative effects on the revenue performance of the businesses and can affect credit performance. CIB Net Income—Regional View
CIB net income decreased in the 2005 first quarter primarily due to decreases in EMEA, Latin America, Japan and Mexico, partially offset by increases in North America (excluding Mexico) and Asia. EMEA net income decreased $76 million in the 2005 first quarter, primarily due to increased expenses related to repositioning costs of $90 million after-tax. Latin America net income decreased $57 million in the 2005 first quarter, primarily due to the absence of general loan loss reserve releases recorded in the 2004 first quarter. Japan net income decreased $45 million in the 2005 first quarter, primarily due to decreases in Fixed Income Markets. Mexico net income decreased $11 million in the 2005 first quarter, primarily due to lower Fixed Income Markets on interest rate trading losses. North America (excluding Mexico) net income increased $147 million, primarily due to higher revenues in Fixed Income Markets and Investment Banking, partially offset by declines in Equity Markets. Asia net income increased $14 million primarily due to increases in Transaction Services. 24 Capital Markets and Banking
Capital Markets and Banking net income of $1.439 billion in the 2005 first quarter was down $38 million or 3% from the 2004 first quarter primarily due to higher expenses, including repositioning costs of $212 million pretax. Revenues, net of interest expense, of $4.899 billion in the 2005 first quarter increased $368 million or 8% from the 2004 first quarter. Revenue growth in the 2005 first quarter was driven by increases in Fixed Income Markets and Investment Banking, partially offset by declines in Equity Markets and Other Capital Markets and Banking. Fixed Income Markets increased primarily due to strong results in commodities and municipals, favorable interest rate positioning, and increased customer activity. Investment Banking increased as strong growth in completed M&A transactions led to an increase in advisory and other fees, which was partially offset by lower equity underwriting volumes and revenues. Equity Markets declined primarily due to weakness in derivative and convertible activity, partially offset by an increase in cash market volumes. Other Capital Markets and Banking decreased primarily due to the transfer of an interest-generating loan portfolio to Fixed Income Markets in the 2004 third quarter, a negative mark-to-market adjustment on a firm investment, and the impact of the sell-down of Nikko Cordial in the 2004 third quarter. Operating expenses of $2.859 billion in the 2005 first quarter increased $505 million or 21% from the 2004 first quarter primarily due to higher compensation and benefits expense (primarily reflecting repositioning costs of $212 million pretax), increased investment spending on strategic growth initiatives and the impact of acquisitions of Knight, Lava Trading and KorAm. Net credit recoveries in the provision for credit losses of $46 million in the 2005 first quarter, was down $20 million from the 2004 first quarter, primarily reflecting the continuing positive credit environment, partially offset by the absence of loan loss reserve releases recorded in the 2004 first quarter. Cash-basis loans were $1.655 billion at March 31, 2005, compared to $1.794 billion at December 31, 2004, and $2.811 billion at March 31, 2004. Cash-basis loans net of write-offs decreased $1.156 billion from March 31, 2004, primarily due to charge-offs against reserves as well as paydowns from corporate borrowers in Argentina, North America, Mexico, and Australia, partially offset by increases in Korea reflecting the acquisition of KorAm. Cash-basis loans decreased $139 million from December 31, 2004, primarily due to asset sales and paydowns in Argentina and Brazil. 25 Transaction Services
Transaction Services reported net income of $245 million in the 2005 first quarter, up $11 million or 5% from the prior year, primarily due to revenue reflecting growth in liability balances, assets under custody and fees, improved spreads in Cash Management, a benefit from foreign currency translation, and the impact of the KorAm acquisition, partially offset by higher expenses, which included $31 million pretax of repositioning costs. As shown in the following table, average liability balances of $139 billion grew 25% compared to the 2004 first quarter, primarily due to increases in Asia and Europe reflecting positive flow and the impact of the KorAm acquisition. Assets under custody reached $8 trillion, an increase of $1.4 trillion or 21% compared to 2004, primarily reflecting increased customer volumes, market appreciation and a benefit from foreign currency translation.
Revenues, net of interest expense, increased $195 million or 21% to $1.134 billion in the 2005 first quarter, reflecting growth in all business units. Revenue in Cash Management increased $136 million or 26% from the prior year, mainly due to growth in liability balances, improved spreads, the impact of the KorAm acquisition, a benefit from foreign currency translation and increased fees. Revenue in Securities Services increased $56 million or 20% from the prior year, primarily reflecting higher assets under custody and fees, and the impact of acquisitions, including ABN Amro's client custody business, which closed this quarter. Trade revenue increased $3 million or 2% from the prior year, primarily due to higher trade assets, offset by lower spreads. Operating expenses increased $143 million or 22% in the first quarter of 2005 to $801 million, including $31 million of repositioning costs. Excluding the repositioning costs, operating expenses increased 17% versus the prior year, primarily due to the impact of foreign currency translation and higher business volumes, including the effect of acquisitions, as well as increased compensation and benefits costs. Net credit recoveries in the provision for credit losses of $13 million in the first quarter of 2005 increased by $21 million, primarily due to general loan loss reserve releases of $22 million in the first quarter of 2004, improving credit quality and current period net credit recoveries in Latin America. Cash-basis loans, which in the Transaction Services business are primarily trade finance receivables, were $77 million, $112 million, and $102 million at March 31, 2005, December 31, 2004, and March 31, 2004, respectively. Cash-basis loans decreased $25 million from March 31, 2004, primarily due to reductions in cash-basis loans in Argentina and Brazil. The decrease in cash-basis loans of $35 million from December 31, 2004 was primarily due to charge-offs in Poland, India, Argentina and Mexico. 26 Other Corporate
Other Corporate—which includes intra-CIB segment eliminations, certain one-time non-recurring items, and tax amounts not allocated to CIB products—reported net losses of $5 million and $4 million in the 2005 and 2004 first quarters, respectively. 27
Global Wealth Management reported net income of $317 million in the first quarter of 2005, a decrease of $93 million or 23% from 2004, reflecting a decline in both Smith Barney and Private Bank. Smith Barney net income of $195 million in the 2005 first quarter decreased $56 million or 22% from 2004, primarily due to lower transactional revenue, higher legal expenses, and repositioning costs, which were partially offset by higher asset-based fee revenue. Private Bank net income of $122 million in 2005 decreased $37 million or 23% compared to 2004, primarily driven by a $34 million decline resulting from the continued wind-down of the business in Japan. Excluding Japan, Private Bank income was down $3 million or 2% from the 2004 first quarter, as growth in recurring fee-based and net interest revenues and improved credit were offset by lower transactional revenue. Global Wealth Management Net Income—Regional View
Global Wealth Management net income of $317 million in the first quarter of 2005 decreased $93 million or 23% from the 2004 first quarter as a result of a $43 million decline in North America (excluding Mexico), a $34 million decline in Japan, a $10 million decline in EMEA, and lower earnings of $3 million in both Mexico and Latin America. Asia results were unchanged from the prior year. Income in North America (excluding Mexico) was $271 million, down $43 million or 14% from the 2004 first quarter as a $56 million decline in Smith Barney was partially offset by growth in Private Bank. Income in Private Bank grew $13 million or 22%, primarily reflecting improved credit and increased banking and lending volumes that were partially offset by net interest margin compression. In Japan, the wind-down of Private Bank business resulted in a loss of $8 million in the 2005 first quarter compared to income of $26 million in the prior-year quarter. EMEA results, which declined $10 million from the prior-year quarter, included lower transactional-based revenues and repositioning expenses in the current period. Compared to the 2004 first quarter, income was down $3 million or 19% in Mexico, and down $3 million or 30% in Latin America, while in Asia income was unchanged, all reflecting lower transactional-based revenues. 28 Smith Barney
Smith Barney net income of $195 million in the 2005 first quarter decreased $56 million or 22% from the 2004 first quarter, primarily due to lower transactional revenue, higher legal expenses, and repositioning costs of $17 million after-tax, which were partially offset by higher asset-based fee revenue. Revenues, net of interest expense, of $1.666 billion in the 2005 first quarter decreased $63 million or 4% from the prior-year period, primarily due to decreases in transactional revenue, reflecting lower customer trading volumes, partially offset by increases in asset-based fee revenue reflecting higher assets under fee-based management. Total assets under fee-based management were $239 billion as of March 31, 2005, up $19 billion or 9% from the prior-year period. Total client assets, including assets under fee-based management, of $969 billion in the 2005 first quarter increased $44 billion or 5% compared to the prior-year quarter, principally due to market appreciation and positive net inflows. Net inflows were $13 billion in the 2005 first quarter compared to $6 billion in the prior-year quarter. Smith Barney had 12,189 financial consultants as of March 31, 2005, compared with 12,037 as of March 31, 2004. Annualized revenue per financial consultant of $555,000 decreased 4% from the prior-year first quarter. Operating expenses of $1.351 billion in the 2005 first quarter increased $31 million or 2% from the prior-year quarter. The increases were mainly due to higher legal costs and repositioning costs of $28 million pretax.
29 Private Bank
Private Bank reported net income of $122 million in the 2005 first quarter, a decrease of $37 million or 23% from the 2004 first quarter, primarily driven by a $34 million decline resulting from the continued wind-down of the business in Japan. Excluding Japan, net income decreased $3 million or 2% from the 2004 first quarter, as lower transactional revenues were largely offset by improved credit and growth in recurring fee-based and net interest revenues.
Client business volumes were $221 billion at the end of the 2005 first quarter, up $19 billion or 9% from $202 billion at the end of the 2004 first quarter. Growth in client business volumes was led by an increase in proprietary managed assets of $7 billion or 19%, mainly driven by the impact of positive net flows in the U.S. Custody assets grew $6 billion or 8%, with growth in all regions except Japan. Investment finance volumes, which include loans, letters of credit and commitments, increased $4 billion or 11%, primarily reflecting growth in real-estate and tailored lending in the U.S. Banking and Fiduciary Deposits grew $1 billion or 2% including a $2 billion or 42% decline in Japan. Excluding Japan, banking and fiduciary deposits grew $3 billion or 9%, mainly in EMEA and the U.S. Revenues, net of interest expense, were $504 million in the 2005 first quarter, down $69 million or 12% from the prior-year quarter, with revenues in Japan down $61 million or 73%. Excluding Japan, revenues were down $8 million or 2%, as declines in Asia and EMEA were partially offset by growth in North America. Revenues declined $12 million or 9% in Asia and $9 million or 11% in EMEA, primarily reflecting lower client transactional activity that was partially offset by growth in banking-related revenue. In North America, revenues increased $13 million or 6%, mainly driven by strong growth in banking and lending volumes in the U.S., partially offset by net interest margin compression, resulting from increased interest rates, as well as a decline in transactional revenue in Mexico. Operating expenses of $339 million in the 2005 first quarter were unchanged from the prior year, due to lower incentive and variable compensation, in line with lower transactional revenue, which was partially offset by repositioning costs of $7 million associated with limited staff reductions. Net recoveries in the provision for credit losses were $16 million in the 2005 first quarter, compared to a provision for credit losses of $4 million in the 2004 first quarter. The improvement in the provision in the 2005 first quarter reflects a reduction in the allowance for loan losses combined with net recoveries in Asia and EMEA. Loans 90 days or more past due as of March 31, 2005, were $125 million or 0.32% of total loans outstanding. 30
Asset Management reported net income of $79 million in the 2005 first quarter, down $26 million or 25% compared to the 2004 first quarter, primarily reflecting a change in the profit sharing arrangement for CAI Institutional earnings, higher capital funding costs, the termination of a contract to manage the assets related to St. Paul and repositioning expenses, partially offset by the impact of positive market action (including the impact of FX), the cumulative impact of positive net flows, and higher performance fees. Beginning in 2005, the pretax profits of CAI, which were previously recorded in the respective Citigroup distributor's income statement as a component of revenues (including $10 million pretax in Asset Management in the first quarter of 2004), are now reflected in Alternative Investments (see page 33). Assets under management for the 2005 first quarter were $460 billion, a decrease of $14 billion or 3% from the 2004 first quarter, primarily reflecting the termination of the contract to manage $37 billion of assets for St. Paul and the net outflows of U.S. Retail Money Market funds of $4 billion. The decline in assets was partially offset by positive net flows (excluding U.S. Retail Money Market funds) of $19 billion and the addition of $3 billion in assets from the acquisition of KorAm. Retail and Private Bank client assets were $230 billion at March 31, 2005, down 3% compared to the prior-year period. Institutional client assets of $218 billion at March 31, 2005, were down 4% compared to the prior-year period. Retirement Services assets were $11 billion at March 31, 2005, up 13% from the year-ago quarter. Revenues, net of interest expense, decreased $48 million or 10% from the prior-year period to $413 million in the 2005 first quarter. The decrease was primarily due to the impact of a decrease of certain assets consolidated under FIN 46-R. The assets consolidated under FIN 46-R (which are denominated in euro) generated $10 million of gains (offset in minority interest) due to foreign currency translation in the prior-year first quarter. The decrease in revenue also reflects the absence of profit sharing revenues from CAI Institutional and the termination of the contract to manage assets for St. Paul, as well as higher capital funding costs and lower business volumes in Mexico, partially offset by the impact of positive market action (including FX), the impact of cumulative positive net flows and higher performance fees. Operating expenses of $297 million in the 2005 first quarter increased $4 million or 1% from the 2004 first quarter, primarily driven by repositioning costs. Minority interest, after-tax, of $1 million in the 2005 first quarter, which represents the impact of consolidating certain assets under FIN 46-R, declined $5 million or 83% from the year-ago quarter. 31 Asset Management Net Income—Regional View
Asset Management net income decreased $26 million in the 2005 first quarter from the prior-year period, the result of decreases in North America (excluding Mexico) of $15 million, Mexico of $9 million, Japan of $3 million, and EMEA of $1 million, partially offset by an increase in Asia of $2 million. North America (excluding Mexico) income of $50 million in the 2005 first quarter decreased $15 million or 23% from the prior-year period, primarily reflecting a change in the profit-sharing arrangement for CAI Institutional earnings, the transfer of assets related to St. Paul and repositioning expenses, partially offset by the cumulative impact of positive net flows and the impact of positive market action. Mexico net income of $17 million in the 2005 first quarter decreased $9 million or 35% from the 2004 first quarter, primarily reflecting higher capital funding costs and lower business volumes. The net loss in Japan of $1 million in the 2005 first quarter represented a decrease in income of $3 million from the prior year, primarily reflecting costs incurred associated with the closure of the Cititrust and Banking Corporation operations in Japan, which was announced in 2004. The net loss in EMEA of $2 million in the 2005 first quarter reflects a decrease in income of $1 million from the prior-year period, while Asia net income of $4 million in the 2005 first quarter increased $2 million or 100% from the prior-year period, driven by higher performance fees. Latin America income of $11 million in the 2005 first quarter was unchanged from the year-ago period. 32
Alternative Investments reported revenues, net of interest expense, of $866 million in the 2005 first quarter, an increase of $686 million over the 2004 first quarter. Revenues, net of interest expense, consisted of the following:
Proprietary Investment Activities revenues The proprietary investment portfolio of Alternative Investments consists of private equity, single- and multi-manager hedge funds, real estate, and St. Paul shares. Private equity, which constitutes the majority of proprietary investments, on both a direct and indirect basis, is in the form of equity and mezzanine debt financing in companies across a broad range of industries worldwide, including investments in companies located in developing economies. Such investments include Citigroup Venture Capital International Brazil, LP (CVC/Brazil, formerly CVC/Opportunity Equity Partners, LP), which invests in companies privatized by the government of Brazil in the mid-1990s. Private equity investments held in investment company subsidiaries and CVC/Brazil are carried at fair value with net unrealized gains and losses recorded in income. Direct investments in companies located in developing economies are principally carried at cost with impairments recognized in income for "other than temporary" declines in value. Other investment activities are primarily carried at fair value, with net unrealized gains and losses recorded in income. The ownership of St. Paul shares was a result of the April 1, 2004 merger of Travelers Property Casualty Corp. (TPC) with The St. Paul Companies, whereby existing shares of TPC common stock were converted to 0.4334 shares of St. Paul common stock. As of March 31, 2005, the Company owned 38.2 million shares or approximately 6.0% of St. Paul shares outstanding. The shares are classified as available-for-sale. Total proprietary revenues, net of interest expense, of $804 million in the 2005 first quarter increased $673 million over the first quarter of 2004. The growth in proprietary revenues was driven by higher net unrealized gains on private equity investments of $549 million, lower net unrealized losses on publicly-traded investments of $75 million, higher fees, dividends and interest of $43 million, and higher net realized gains of $22 million, partially offset by lower other proprietary revenues of $16 million. The higher net unrealized gains on private equity investments were primarily attributable to investment activity in Europe. European results reflect improved performance in many of the underlying investments and an improving private equity market. The net unrealized losses on 33 publicly-traded investments were primarily due to lower net mark-to-market losses on an investment in an Indian software company. The increase in fees, dividends and interest revenues was primarily due to a dividend received from an underlying investment and higher dividend and interest income from European investments. The higher net realized gains were driven by sales of certain portfolio investments. The decline in other revenues was the result of lower management fees and higher funding costs. Proprietary capital under management of $8.8 billion as of March 31, 2005 increased $1.5 billion from March 31, 2004 due to valuation and other increases in private equity and hedge fund investments. Client revenues CAI has a growing client portfolio comprised of single- and multi-manager hedge funds, real estate, managed futures, private equity, and a variety of leveraged fixed income products (credit structures). Clients include both institutions and high-net-worth individuals. Products are distributed directly to investors and through Citigroup's Asset Management, Private Bank and Smith Barney businesses. Prior to 2005, the pretax profits of CAI were recorded in the respective Citigroup distributor's income statement as a component of revenues. Total client revenues, net of interest expense, of $62 million in the 2005 first quarter increased $13 million or 27% over the first quarter of 2004. The higher client revenues were primarily driven by higher performance fees earned and the absence of the profit-sharing arrangements that were in place in 2004. CAI managed $20.2 billion in unlevered client capital as of March 31, 2005, a decrease of $1.6 billion from March 31, 2004. Operating expenses of $105 million in the first quarter 2005 increased $18 million from the first quarter of 2004 primarily due to higher employee-related expenses and an increase in the operating expenses from hedge funds and real estate. Minority interest, net of tax, of $132 million in the first quarter 2005, increased $96 million from the first quarter of 2004, primarily due to the increase in net unrealized gains related to consolidated legal entities. 34
Corporate/Other reported a net loss from continuing operations of $88 million in the 2005 first quarter, a decrease in income of $276 million from the 2004 first quarter. The decrease was primarily due to the absence of the gain on the sale of EFS, which resulted in an after-tax gain of $180 million in the 2004 first quarter, as well as the absence of certain unallocated tax benefits held at the Corporate level in the prior year. Revenues, net of interest expense, of ($4) million in the 2005 first quarter, decreased $299 million from the 2004 first quarter, primarily driven by the absence of the EFS gain in the prior year. Operating expenses of $89 million in the 2005 first quarter decreased $9 million from the 2004 first quarter primarily due to lower unallocated corporate costs. Discontinued operations represents the operations described in the Company's January 31, 2005, announced agreement for the sale of Citigroup's Travelers Life & Annuity, substantially all of Citigroup's international insurance business and Citigroup's Argentine pension business. See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 35 The Citigroup risk management framework recognizes the diversity of Citigroup's global business activities by balancing strong corporate oversight with well-defined independent risk management functions within each business. The Citigroup risk management framework is described in Citigroup's 2004 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The risk management framework is grounded on the following six principles, which apply universally across all businesses and all risk types:
The Citigroup Senior Risk Officer is responsible for establishing standards for the measurement, approval, reporting and limiting of risk, for managing, evaluating, and compensating the senior independent risk managers at the business level, for approving business-level risk management policies, for approving business risk-taking authority through the allocation of limits and capital, and for reviewing, on an ongoing basis, major risk exposures and concentrations across the organization. Risks are reviewed regularly with the independent business-level risk managers, the Citigroup senior business managers, and as appropriate, the Citigroup Board of Directors. The independent risk managers at the business level are responsible for establishing and implementing risk management policies and practices within their business, while ensuring consistency with Citigroup standards. As noted above, the independent risk managers report directly to the Citigroup Senior Risk Officer, however they remain accountable, on a day-to-day basis, for appropriately meeting and responding to the needs and issues of their business unit, and for overseeing the risks present. The following sections summarize the processes for managing credit, market, operational and country risks within Citigroup's major businesses. Risk capital is defined at Citigroup as the amount of capital required to absorb potential unexpected economic losses resulting from extremely severe events over a one-year time period.
Risk capital facilitates both the quantification of risk levels and the tradeoff of risk and return. The risk capital calculated for each business approximates the amount of tangible equity that would typically be ascribed. Risk capital is used in the calculation of return on risk capital (RORC) and return on invested capital (ROIC) measures that are used in assessing business performance and allocating Citigroup's balance sheet and risk taking capacity. RORC, calculated as net income divided by average risk capital, compares business income with the capital required to absorb the risks. This is similar to a return on tangible equity calculation. It is used to assess businesses' operating performance and to determine incremental allocation of capital for organic growth. ROIC is calculated using income adjusted to exclude a net internal funding cost Citigroup levies on the intangible assets of each business. This adjusted income is divided by the sum of each business's average risk capital and intangible assets (excluding mortgage servicing rights, which are captured in risk capital). ROIC thus compares business income with the total invested capital—risk capital and intangible assets created through acquisitions—used to generate that income. ROIC is used to assess returns on potential acquisitions and divestitures, and to compare long-term performance of businesses with differing proportions of organic and acquired growth. 36 Methodologies to measure risk capital are jointly developed by risk management, the financial division and Citigroup businesses, and approved by the Citigroup Senior Risk Officer and Citigroup Chief Financial Officer. It is expected, due to the evolving nature of risk capital, that these methodologies will continue to be refined. The drivers of "economic losses" are risks, which can be broadly categorized as credit risk (including cross-border risk), market risk, operational risk, and insurance risk:
These risks are measured and aggregated within businesses and across Citigroup to facilitate the understanding of the Company's exposure to extreme downside events and any changes in its level or its composition. At March 31, 2005, December 31, 2004 and March 31, 2004, risk capital for Citigroup was comprised of the following risk types:
The increase in total risk capital from December 31, 2004 to March 31, 2005 was primarily related to increases in risk capital due to refinements in risk measurement methodologies, partially offset by decreases in overall risk (approximately $3.2 billion) due to the exclusion at March 31, 2005 of the risk capital associated with the Sale of the Life Insurance & Annuities Business. Average risk capital, return on risk capital and return on invested capital are provided for each segment and product and are disclosed on pages 16 to 34 of this Management's Discussion and Analysis. The increase in average risk capital versus March 31, 2004 was primarily driven by increases in Corporate and Investment Banking, Global Consumer and Alternative Investments. Average risk capital of $26.1 billion in Global Consumer increased $3.9 billion, or 18%, as a result of a $2.1 billion, or 16%, increase in Retail Banking, a $1.7 billion, or 31%, increase in Cards, and a $166 million, or 4%, increase in Consumer Finance. The $2.1 billion increase in Retail Banking was primarily due to the KorAm and PRMI acquisitions and higher credit risk, while the $1.7 billion increase in Cards was driven by refinements in risk capital methodologies. Corporate and Investment Banking average risk capital increased $4.5 billion, or 28%, driven by an increase in Capital Markets and Banking of $4.3 billion, or 29%, which was largely due to the impact in 2004 on operational risk capital of the WorldCom and Litigation Reserve Charge and the acquisition of KorAm. Global Wealth Management average risk capital was relatively unchanged, as a $429 million increase in Private Bank average risk capital (due to increases in operational risk capital and changes in diversification with Smith Barney) were offset by a $413 million decrease in Smith Barney average risk capital (due to lower operational risk and the impact of changes in diversification benefits with Private Bank). Asset Management average risk capital of $616 million decreased $15 million, or 2%, while Alternative Investments average risk capital of $4.1 billion increased $442 million, or 12%, resulting from higher market risk related to positive revaluations of certain of the Company's investment positions. 37 CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS Credit risk is the potential for financial loss resulting from the failure of a borrower or counterparty to honor its financial or contractual obligations. Credit risk costs arise in many of the Company's business activities including lending activities, derivatives activities, securities transactions, settlement activities, and when the Company acts as an intermediary on behalf of its clients and other third parties. The credit risk management process at Citigroup relies on corporate-wide standards to ensure consistency and integrity, with business-specific policies and practices to ensure applicability and ownership. Credit losses on derivatives and trading activities are recorded in Principal transactions on the Consolidated Statement of Income. Credit losses in the Company's loan portfolio are recorded as a reduction to the Allowance for credit losses on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The following table presents the details of credit losses from the Company's loan portfolio. Details of Credit Loss Experience
38 Cash-Basis, Renegotiated, and Past Due Loans
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