C » Topics » 8. Securitizations and Variable Interest Entities

This excerpt taken from the C 10-Q filed May 4, 2007.

13.   Securitizations and Variable Interest Entities

        The Company primarily securitizes credit card receivables and mortgages. Other types of assets securitized include corporate debt securities, auto loans, and student loans.

        After securitization of credit card receivables, the Company continues to maintain credit card customer account relationships and provides servicing for receivables transferred to the trusts. The Company also arranges for third parties to provide credit enhancement to the trusts, including cash collateral accounts, subordinated securities, and letters of credit. As specified in some of the sale agreements, the net revenue collected each month is accumulated up to a predetermined maximum amount, and is available over the remaining term of that transaction to make payments of yield, fees, and transaction costs in the event that net cash flows from the receivables are not sufficient. Once the predetermined amount is reached, net revenue is recognized by the Citigroup subsidiary that sold the receivables.

        The Company provides a wide range of mortgage and other loan products to a diverse customer base. In connection with the securitization of these loans, the servicing rights entitle the Company to a future stream of cash flows based on the outstanding principal balances of the loans and the contractual servicing fee. Failure to service the loans in accordance with contractual requirements may lead to a termination of the servicing rights and the loss of future servicing fees. In non-recourse servicing, the principal credit risk to the Company is the cost of temporary advances of funds. In recourse servicing, the servicer agrees to share credit risk with the owner of the mortgage loans such as FNMA or FHLMC or with a private investor, insurer, or guarantor. Losses on recourse servicing occur primarily when foreclosure sale proceeds of the property underlying a defaulted mortgage are less than the outstanding principal balance and accrued interest of the loan and the cost of holding and disposing of the underlying property. The Company's mortgage loan securitizations are primarily non-recourse, thereby effectively transferring the risk of future credit losses to the purchaser of the securities issued by the trust.

        The Company also originates and sells first mortgage loans in the ordinary course of its mortgage banking activities. The Company sells some of these loans to the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) with the servicing rights retained. GNMA has the primary recourse obligation on the individual loans; however, GNMA's recourse obligation is capped at a fixed amount per loan. Any losses above that fixed amount are borne by Citigroup as the seller/servicer.

        The following table summarizes certain cash flows received from and paid to securitization trusts during the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006:

 
  Three Months Ended March 31, 2007
In billions of dollars

  Credit
Cards

  U.S. Consumer
Mortgages

  Markets & Banking
Mortgages

  Markets & Banking
Other

  Other(1)
Proceeds from new securitizations   $ 6.3   $ 26.9   $ 16.5   $ 13.1   $
Proceeds from collections reinvested in new receivables     51.9                 0.5
Contractual servicing fees received     0.5     0.3            
Cash flows received on retained interests and other net cash flows     2.1                
   
 
 
 
 

(1)
Other includes student loans and other assets.

 
  Three Months Ended March 31, 2006
In billions of dollars

  Credit
Cards

  U.S. Consumer
Mortgages

  Markets & Banking
Mortgages

  Markets & Banking
Other

  Other(1)
Proceeds from new securitizations   $ 6.8   $ 12.1   $ 5.1   $ 7.6   $ 0.1
Proceeds from collections reinvested in new receivables     53.9                 0.1
Contractual servicing fees received     0.5     0.2            
Cash flows received on retained interests and other net cash flows     2.4                
   
 
 
 
 

(1)
Other includes student loans and other assets.

        The Company recognized gains on securitizations of U.S. Consumer mortgages of $31 million and $30 million for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. In the first quarter of 2007 and 2006, the Company recorded gains of $248 million and $171 million related to the securitization of credit card receivables. Gains recognized on the securitization of Markets & Banking and other assets during the first three months of 2007 and 2006 were $13 million and $21 million, respectively.

98


        Key assumptions used for securitizations of credit cards, mortgages, and other asset securitizations during the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 in measuring the fair value of retained interests at the date of sale or securitization follow:

 
  Three Months Ended March 31, 2007
 
  Credit
Cards

  U.S. Consumer
Mortgages

  Markets &
Banking
Mortgages

  Markets &
Banking
Other

  Other(1)
Discount rate   12.8% to 16.2%   10.4% to 17.2%   4.1% to 27.9%   5.6% to 27.9%   N/A
Constant prepayment rate   6.5% to 21.2%   7.9% to 21.4%   15.0% to 52.5%   10.0% to 26.0%   N/A
Anticipated net credit losses   3.7% to 6.1%   0.0%   24.0% to 100.0%   N/A   N/A

(1)
Other includes student loans and other assets.

 
  Three Months Ended March 31, 2006
 
  Credit
Cards

  U.S. Consumer
Mortgages

  Markets &
Banking
Mortgages

  Markets &
Banking
Other

  Other(1)
Discount rate   12.0% to 15.0%   8.6% to 9.6%   5.0% to 26.0%   0.4% to 21.0%   N/A
Constant prepayment rate   8.5% to 20.1%   7.8% to 10.4%   9.0% to 43.0%   14.0% to 33.0%   N/A
Anticipated net credit losses   4.2% to 6.0%   0.0%   0.0% to 40.0%   N/A   N/A

(1)
Other includes student loans and other assets.

        As required by SFAS No. 140, "Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities" (SFAS 140), the effect of two negative changes in each of the key assumptions used to determine the fair value of retained interests must be disclosed. The negative effect of each change must be calculated independently, holding all other assumptions constant. Because the key assumptions may not in fact be independent, the net effect of simultaneous adverse changes in the key assumptions may be less than the sum of the individual effects shown below.

        At March 31, 2007, the key assumptions used to value retained interests and the sensitivity of the fair value to adverse changes of 10% and 20% in each of the key assumptions were as follows:

This excerpt taken from the C 10-K filed Feb 23, 2007.

22. SECURITIZATIONS AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

The Company primarily securitizes credit card receivables and mortgages. Other types of assets securitized include corporate debt securities, auto loans, and student loans.

After securitization of credit card receivables, the Company continues to maintain credit card customer account relationships and provides servicing for receivables transferred to the trusts. The Company also arranges for third parties to provide credit enhancement to the trusts, including cash collateral accounts, subordinated securities, and letters of credit. As specified in some of

the sale agreements, the net revenue collected each month is accumulated up to a predetermined maximum amount, and is available over the remaining term of that transaction to make payments of yield, fees, and transaction costs in the event that net cash flows from the receivables are not sufficient. Once the predetermined amount is reached, net revenue is recognized by the Citigroup subsidiary that sold the receivables.

The Company provides a wide range of mortgage and other loan products to a diverse customer base. In connection with the securitization of these loans, the servicing rights entitle the Company to a future stream of cash flows based on the outstanding principal balances of the loans and the


 

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Table of Contents

 

contractual servicing fee. Failure to service the loans in accordance with contractual requirements may lead to a termination of the servicing rights and the loss of future servicing fees. In non-recourse servicing, the principal credit risk to the Company is the cost of temporary advances of funds. In recourse servicing, the servicer agrees to share credit risk with the owner of the mortgage loans such as FNMA or FHLMC or with a private investor, insurer, or guarantor. Losses on recourse servicing occur primarily when foreclosure sale proceeds of the property underlying a defaulted mortgage are less than the outstanding principal balance and accrued interest of the loan and the cost of holding and disposing of the underlying property. The

Company’s mortgage loan securitizations are primarily non-recourse, thereby effectively transferring the risk of future credit losses to the purchase of the securities issued by the trust.

The Company also originates and sells first mortgage loans in the ordinary course of its mortgage banking activities. The Company sells some of these loans to the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) with the servicing rights retained. GNMA has the primary recourse obligation on the individual loans; however, GNMA’s recourse obligation is capped at a fixed amount per loan. Any losses above that fixed amount are borne by Citigroup as the seller/servicer.


The following table summarizes certain cash flows received from and paid to securitization trusts during 2006, 2005, and 2004:

 

    2006    2005    2004
In billions of dollars  

Credit

cards

   Mortgages    Other (1)   

Credit

cards

   Mortgages    Other (1)   

Credit

cards

   Mortgages    Other (1)

Proceeds from new securitizations

  $ 20.2    $ 96.7    $ 38.7    $ 21.6    $ 85.2    $ 33.1    $ 20.2    $ 66.4    $ 22.7

Proceeds from collections reinvested in new receivables

    213.1      1.8           201.3      1.4           171.1      0.8      0.1

Contractual servicing fees received

    2.1      1.0           1.9      0.9           1.5      0.7     

Cash flows received on retained interests and other net cash flows

    7.9      0.1           6.4      0.1      0.1      5.3           0.1

 

(1) Other includes corporate debt securities, student loans and other assets.

 

The Company recognized gains on securitizations of mortgages of $171 million, $197 million, and $342 million for 2006, 2005, and 2004, respectively. In 2006, the Company recorded net gains of $975 million and, in 2005 and 2004, recorded net gains of $1.0 billion and $234 million,

respectively, related to the securitization of credit card receivables. Gains recognized on the securitization of other assets during 2006, 2005 and 2004 were $217 million, $126 million and $93 million, respectively.


Key assumptions used for credit cards, mortgages, and other assets during 2006 and 2005 in measuring the fair value of retained interests at the date of sale or securitization follow:

 

    2006    2005  
     Credit cards   

Mortgages

and other (1)

   Credit cards   

Mortgages

and other (1)

 

Discount rate

  12.0% to 16.2%    0.4% to 27.9%    13.6% to 17.3%    0.4% to 98.6 %

Constant prepayment rate

  6.4% to 21.7%    6.6% to 52.5%    8.5% to 20.0%    6.0% to 46.4 %

Anticipated net credit losses

  3.8% to   6.1%    0.0% to  100%    5.1% to   6.5%    0.0% to 80.0 %

 

(1) Other includes corporate debt securities, student loans and other assets.

 

As required by SFAS 140, the effect of two negative changes in each of the key assumptions used to determine the fair value of retained interests must be disclosed. The negative effect of each change must be calculated independently, holding all other assumptions constant. Because the key assumptions may not in fact be independent, the net effect of simultaneous adverse changes in the key assumptions may be less than the sum of the individual effects shown below.

At December 31, 2006, the key assumptions used to value retained interests and the sensitivity of the fair value to adverse changes of 10% and 20% in each of the key assumptions were as follows:

This excerpt taken from the C 10-Q filed May 5, 2006.

8.     Securitizations and Variable Interest Entities

        The Company primarily securitizes credit card receivables and mortgages. Other types of assets securitized include corporate debt securities, auto loans, and student loans.

        After securitization of credit card receivables, the Company continues to maintain credit card customer account relationships and provides servicing for receivables transferred to the trusts. The Company also arranges for third parties to provide credit enhancement to the trusts, including cash collateral accounts, subordinated securities, and letters of credit. As specified in some of the sale agreements, the net revenue collected each month is accumulated up to a predetermined maximum amount, and is available over the remaining term of that transaction to make payments of yield, fees, and transaction costs in the event that net cash flows from the receivables are not sufficient. Once the predetermined amount is reached, net revenue is recognized by the Citigroup subsidiary that sold the receivables.

        The Company provides a wide range of mortgage and other loan products to a diverse customer base. In connection with the securitization of these loans, the servicing rights entitle the Company to a future stream of cash flows based on the outstanding principal balances of the loans and the contractual servicing fee. Failure to service the loans in accordance with contractual requirements may lead to a termination of the servicing rights and the loss of future servicing fees. In non-recourse servicing, the principal credit risk to the Company is the cost of temporary advances of funds. In recourse servicing, the servicer agrees to share credit risk with the owner of the mortgage loans such as FNMA or FHLMC or with a private investor, insurer, or guarantor. Losses on recourse servicing occur primarily when foreclosure sale proceeds of the property underlying a defaulted mortgage are less than the outstanding principal balance and accrued interest of the loan and the cost of holding and disposing of the underlying property. The Company's mortgage loan securitizations are primarily non-recourse, thereby effectively transferring the risk of future credit losses to the purchaser of the securities issued by the trust.

        The Company also originates and sells first mortgage loans in the ordinary course of its mortgage banking activities. The Company sells some of these loans to the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) with the servicing rights retained. GNMA has the primary recourse obligation on the individual loans; however, GNMA's recourse obligation is capped at a fixed amount per loan. Any losses above that fixed amount are borne by Citigroup as the seller/servicer.

87


        The following table summarizes certain cash flows received from and paid to securitization trusts during the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005:

 
  Three Months Ended
March 31, 2006

  Three Months Ended
March 31, 2005

In billions of dollars

  Credit
Cards

  Mortgages
  Other(1)
  Credit
Cards

  Mortgages
  Other(1)
Proceeds from new securitizations   $ 6.8   $ 17.2   $ 7.7   $ 4.5   $ 15.5   $ 6.3
Proceeds from collections reinvested in new receivables     53.9     0.1         44.3     0.1    
Contractual servicing fees received     0.5     0.2         0.5     0.2    
Cash flows received on retained interests and other net cash flows     2.4             1.6        
   
 
 
 
 
 

(1)
Other includes corporate debt securities, student loans and other assets.

        The Company recognized gains on securitizations of mortgages of $31 million and $86 million for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. In the first quarter of 2006, the Company recorded gains of $0.2 billion and $0.3 billion related to the securitization of credit card receivables. Gains recognized on the securitization of other assets during the first three months of 2006 were $20 million. No gains were recognized on the securitization of other assets during the first three months of 2005.

        Key assumptions used for credit cards, mortgages, and other assets during the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005 in measuring the fair value of retained interests at the date of sale or securitization follow:

 
  Three Months Ended March 31, 2006
  Three Months Ended March 31, 2005
 
  Credit Cards
  Mortgages
and Other(1)

  Credit Cards
  Mortgages
and Other(1)

Discount rate   12.0% to 15.0%   0.4% to 26.0%   13.6% to 15.6%   2.8% to 98.6%
Constant prepayment rate   12.4% to 20.1%   9.0% to 43.0%   13.7% to 17.5%   7.0% to 46.4%
Anticipated net credit losses   4.2% to 6.0%   0.0% to 40.0%   5.3% to 6.2%   0.0% to 80.0%
   
 
 
 

(1)
Other includes corporate debt securities, student loans and other assets.

        As required by SFAS 140, the effect of two negative changes in each of the key assumptions used to determine the fair value of retained interests must be disclosed. The negative effect of each change must be calculated independently, holding all other assumptions constant. Because the key assumptions may not in fact be independent, the net effect of simultaneous adverse changes in the key assumptions may be less than the sum of the individual effects shown below.

        At March 31, 2006, the key assumptions used to value retained interests and the sensitivity of the fair value to adverse changes of 10% and 20% in each of the key assumptions were as follows:

Key assumptions at March 31, 2006

 
  Discount
Rate

  Constant
Prepayment
Rate

  Anticipated
Net Credit
Losses

Mortgages and other(1)   0.4% to 26.0%   9.0% to 43.0%   0.0% to 40.0%
   
 
 
Credit cards   12.0% to 15.0%   12.4% to 20.1%   4.2% to 6.0%
   
 
 

(1)
Other includes corporate debt securities, student loans and other assets.

 
  March 31, 2006
 
In millions of dollars

  Credit
Cards

  Mortgages
and Other

 
Carrying value of retained interests   $ 7,400   $ 7,949  
   
 
 
Discount rate              
  10%   $ (75 ) $ (155 )
  20%     (133 )   (304 )
   
 
 
Constant prepayment rate              
  10%   $ (177 ) $ (279 )
  20%     (331 )   (530 )
   
 
 
Anticipated net credit losses              
  10%   $ (356 ) $ (7 )
  20%     (709 )   (15 )
   
 
 

88


This excerpt taken from the C 10-K filed Feb 24, 2006.

13.   Securitizations and Variable Interest Entities

        The Company primarily securitizes credit card receivables and mortgages. Other types of assets securitized include corporate debt securities, auto loans, and student loans.

        After securitization of credit card receivables, the Company continues to maintain credit card customer account relationships and provides servicing for receivables transferred to the trusts. The Company also arranges for third parties to provide credit enhancement to the trusts, including cash collateral accounts, subordinated securities, and letters of credit. As specified in some of the sale agreements, the net revenue collected each month is accumulated up to a predetermined maximum amount, and is available over the remaining term of that transaction to make payments of yield, fees, and transaction costs in the event that net cash flows from the receivables are not sufficient. Once the predetermined amount is reached, net revenue is recognized by the Citigroup subsidiary that sold the receivables.

        The Company provides a wide range of mortgage and other loan products to a diverse customer base. In connection with the securitization of these loans, the servicing rights entitle the Company to a future stream of cash flows based on the outstanding principal balances of the loans and the contractual servicing fee. Failure to service the loans in accordance with contractual requirements may lead to a termination of the servicing rights and the loss of future servicing fees. In non-recourse servicing, the principal credit risk to the Company is the cost of temporary advances of funds. In recourse servicing, the servicer agrees to share credit risk with the owner of the mortgage loans such as FNMA or FHLMC or with a private investor, insurer, or guarantor. Losses on recourse servicing occur primarily when foreclosure sale proceeds of the property underlying a defaulted mortgage are less than the outstanding principal balance and accrued interest of the loan and the cost of holding and disposing of the underlying property. The Company's mortgage loan securitizations are primarily non-recourse, thereby effectively transferring the risk of future credit losses to the purchase of the securities issued by the trust.

128


        The Company also originates and sells first mortgage loans in the ordinary course of its mortgage banking activities. The Company sells some of these loans to the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) with the servicing rights retained. GNMA has the primary recourse obligation on the individual loans; however, GNMA's recourse obligation is capped at a fixed amount per loan. Any losses above that fixed amount are borne by Citigroup as the seller/servicer.

        The following table summarizes certain cash flows received from and paid to securitization trusts during 2005, 2004, and 2003:

 
  2005
  2004
  2003
 
  Credit
Cards

  Mortgages
  Other(1)
  Credit
Cards

  Mortgages
  Other(1)
  Credit
Cards

  Mortgages
  Other(1)
 
  In billions of dollars

Proceeds from new securitizations   $ 21.6   $ 85.2   $ 33.1   $ 20.2   $ 66.4   $ 22.7   $ 19.1   $ 70.9   $ 12.2
Proceeds from collections reinvested in new receivables     201.3     1.4         171.1     0.8     0.1     143.4        
Servicing fees received     1.9     0.9         1.5     0.7         1.4     0.3    
Cash flows received on retained interests and other net cash flows     6.4     0.1     0.1     5.3         0.1     4.4         0.1
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

(1)
Other includes corporate debt securities, student loans and other assets.

        The Company recognized gains on securitizations of mortgages of $197 million, $342 million, and $536 million for 2005, 2004, and 2003, respectively. In 2005, the Company recorded net gains of $1.0 billion and, in 2004 and 2003, recorded net gains of $234 million and $342 million, respectively, related to the securitization of credit card receivables. Gains recognized on the securitization of other assets during 2005, 2004 and 2003 were $126 million, $93 million and $52 million, respectively.

        Key assumptions used for credit cards, mortgages, and other assets during 2005 and 2004 in measuring the fair value of retained interests at the date of sale or securitization follow:

 
  2005
  2004
 
  Credit Cards
  Mortgages
and Other(1)

  Credit Cards
  Mortgages
and Other(1)

Discount rate   13.6% to 17.3%   0.4% to 98.6%   10.0% to 15.6%   0.4% to 98.6%
Constant prepayment rate   8.5% to 20.0%   6.0% to 46.4%   14.0% to 17.7%   8.0% to 48.0%
Anticipated net credit losses   5.1% to 6.5%   0.0% to 80.0%   5.5% to 12.2%   0.0% to 80.0%
   
 
 
 

(1)
Other includes corporate debt securities, student loans and other assets.

        As required by SFAS 140, the effect of two negative changes in each of the key assumptions used to determine the fair value of retained interests must be disclosed. The negative effect of each change must be calculated independently, holding all other assumptions constant. Because the key assumptions may not in fact be independent, the net effect of simultaneous adverse changes in the key assumptions may be less than the sum of the individual effects shown below.

129


        At December 31, 2005, the key assumptions used to value retained interests and the sensitivity of the fair value to adverse changes of 10% and 20% in each of the key assumptions were as follows:

"8. Securitizations and Variable Interest Entities" elsewhere:

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