ELN » Topics » Interest Rate Risk on Investments

This excerpt taken from the ELN 6-K filed Mar 30, 2009.
Interest Rate Risk on Investments
 
Our liquid funds are invested primarily in U.S. dollars except for the working capital balances of subsidiaries operating outside of the United States. Interest rate changes affect the returns on our investment funds. Our exposure to interest rate risk on liquid funds is actively monitored and managed with an average duration of less than three months. By calculating an overall exposure to interest rate risk rather than a series of individual instrument cash flow exposures, we can more readily monitor and hedge these risks. Duration analysis recognises the time value of money and in particular, prevailing interest rates by discounting future cash flows.
 
The interest rate risk profile of our investments at 31 December 2008 was as follows (in millions):
 
                                 
    Fixed
    Floating
    No Interest
    Total
 
    $m     $m     $m     $m  
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
          375.3             375.3  
Restricted cash—current
          20.2             20.2  
Restricted cash—non-current
          15.0             15.0  
Available-for-sale investments—current
          27.7       2.8       30.5  
Available-for-sale investments—non-current
          0.4       9.5       9.9  
 
Variable interest rates on cash and liquid resources are generally based on the appropriate Euro Interbank Offered Rate, LIBOR or bank rates dependent on principal amounts on deposit. For additional information on our investments, refer to Notes 15 and 25 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
This excerpt taken from the ELN 20-F filed Feb 26, 2009.
Interest Rate Risk on Investments
 
Our liquid funds are invested primarily in U.S. dollars, except for the working capital balances of subsidiaries operating outside of the United States. Interest rate changes affect the returns on our investment funds. Our exposure to interest rate risk on liquid funds is actively monitored and managed with an average duration of less than three months. By calculating an overall exposure to interest rate risk rather than a series of individual instrument cash flow exposures, we can more readily monitor and hedge these risks. Duration analysis recognizes the time value of money and, in particular, prevailing interest rates by discounting future cash flows.
 
The interest rate risk profile of our investments at December 31, 2008 was as follows (in millions):
 
                                 
    Fixed   Floating   No Interest   Total
 
Cash and cash equivalents
  $     $ 375.3     $     $ 375.3  
Restricted cash — current
  $     $ 20.2     $     $ 20.2  
Restricted cash — non-current
  $     $ 15.0     $     $ 15.0  
Investment securities — current
  $     $ 27.7     $ 2.8     $ 30.5  
Investment securities — non-current
  $     $ 0.4     $ 7.7     $ 8.1  
 
Variable interest rates on cash and liquid resources are generally based on the appropriate Euro Interbank Offered Rate, LIBOR or bank rates dependent on principal amounts on deposit.
 
This excerpt taken from the ELN 6-K filed Mar 31, 2008.
Interest Rate Risk on Investments
 
Our liquid funds are invested primarily in U.S. dollars except for the working capital balances of subsidiaries operating outside of the United States. Interest rate changes affect the returns on our investment funds. Our exposure to interest rate risk on liquid funds is actively monitored and managed with an average duration of less than three months. By calculating an overall exposure to interest rate risk rather than a series of individual instrument cash flow exposures, we can more readily monitor and hedge these risks. Duration analysis recognises the time value of money and in particular, prevailing interest rates by discounting future cash flows.
 
The interest rate risk profile of our investments at 31 December 2007 was as follows:
 
                         
    Fixed
  Floating
  No Interest
  Total
    $m   $m   $m   $m
 
Cash and cash equivalents
        423.5         423.5
Restricted cash (current)
        20.1         20.1
Restricted cash (non-current)
        9.5         9.5
Available-for-sale investments (current)
        268.1     8.8     276.9
Available-for-sale investments (non-current)
        13.0     13.2     26.2
                         
 
Variable interest rates on cash and liquid resources are generally based on the appropriate Euro Interbank Offered Rate, LIBOR or bank rates dependent on principal amounts on deposit.
 
A 10% increase in market rates of interest would have increased the net loss by $0.6 million in 2007 (2006:$1.3 million). A 10% decrease in market rates of interest would have had the equal but opposite effect on the net loss in 2007 and 2006.

122 Elan Corporation, plc 2007 Annual Report


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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
 
This excerpt taken from the ELN 20-F filed Feb 28, 2008.
Interest Rate Risk on Investments
 
Our liquid funds are invested primarily in U.S. dollars, except for the working capital balances of subsidiaries operating outside of the United States. Interest rate changes affect the returns on our investment funds. Our exposure to interest rate risk on liquid funds is actively monitored and managed with an average duration of less than three months. By calculating an overall exposure to interest rate risk rather than a series of individual instrument cash flow exposures, we can more readily monitor and hedge these risks. Duration analysis recognizes the time value of money and, in particular, prevailing interest rates by discounting future cash flows.
 
The interest rate risk profile of our investments at December 31, 2007 was as follows (in millions):
 
                                 
    Fixed     Floating     No Interest     Total  
 
Cash and cash equivalents
  $     $ 423.5     $     $ 423.5  
Restricted cash (current)
  $     $ 20.1     $     $ 20.1  
Restricted cash (non-current)
  $     $ 9.5     $     $ 9.5  
Investment securities (current)
  $     $ 268.1     $ 8.8     $ 276.9  
Investment securities (non-current)
  $     $ 13.0     $ 9.5     $ 22.5  
 
Variable interest rates on cash and liquid resources are generally based on the appropriate Euro Interbank Offered Rate, LIBOR or bank rates dependent on principal amounts on deposit.
 
This excerpt taken from the ELN 6-K filed Mar 30, 2007.
Interest Rate Risk on Investments
 
Our liquid funds are invested primarily in US dollars except for the working capital balances of subsidiaries operating outside of the United States. Interest rate changes affect the returns on our investment funds. Our exposure to interest rate risk on liquid funds is actively monitored and managed with an average duration of less than three months. By calculating an overall exposure to interest rate risk rather than a series of individual instrument cash flow exposures, we can more readily monitor and hedge these risks. Duration analysis recognises the time value of money and in particular, prevailing interest rates by discounting future cash flows.
 
The interest rate risk profile of our investments at 31 December 2006 was as follows:
 
                         
    Fixed
  Floating
  No Interest
  Total
    $m   $m   $m   $m
 
Cash and cash equivalents
        1,510.6         1,510.6
Restricted cash
        23.2         23.2
Available-for-sale investments
            23.3     23.3
                         
 
Variable interest rates on cash and liquid resources are generally based on the appropriate Euro Interbank Offered Rate, LIBOR or bank rates dependent on principal amounts on deposit.
 
This excerpt taken from the ELN 20-F filed Feb 28, 2007.
Interest Rate Risk on Investments
 
Our liquid funds are invested primarily in US dollars except for the working capital balances of subsidiaries operating outside of the United States. Interest rate changes affect the returns on our investment funds. Our exposure


78


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to interest rate risk on liquid funds is actively monitored and managed with an average duration of less than three months. By calculating an overall exposure to interest rate risk rather than a series of individual instrument cash flow exposures, we can more readily monitor and hedge these risks. Duration analysis recognizes the time value of money and in particular, prevailing interest rates by discounting future cash flows.
 
The interest rate risk profile of our investments at December 31, 2006 was as follows (in millions):
 
                                 
    Fixed     Floating     No Interest     Total  
 
Cash and cash equivalents
  $     $ 1,510.6     $     $ 1,510.6  
Restricted cash
  $     $ 23.2     $     $ 23.2  
Investment securities (current)
  $     $     $ 11.2     $ 11.2  
Investment securities (non-current)
  $     $     $ 9.2     $ 9.2  
 
Variable interest rates on cash and liquid resources are generally based on the appropriate Euro Interbank Offered Rate, LIBOR or bank rates dependent on principal amounts on deposit.
 
This excerpt taken from the ELN 6-K filed Mar 31, 2006.
Interest Rate Risk on Investments
Our liquid funds are invested primarily in U.S. dollars except for the working capital balances of subsidiaries operating outside of the United States. Interest rate changes affect the returns on our investment funds. Our exposure to interest rate risk on liquid funds is actively monitored and managed with an average duration of less than three months. By calculating an overall exposure to interest rate risk rather than a series of individual instrument cash flow exposures, we can more readily monitor and hedge these risks. Duration analysis recognises the time value of money and in particular, prevailing interest rates by discounting future cash flows.
The interest rate risk profile of our investments at 31 December 2005 was as follows:
                                 
    Fixed   Floating   No Interest   Total
    $m   $m   $m   $m
 
Cash and cash equivalents
          1,080.7             1,080.7  
Restricted cash
          24.9             24.9  
Available-for-sale investments
    2.3             22.2       24.5  
 
Fixed interest rates on investments have a weighted average interest rate of 7.0% (2004: 7.5%), maturing in 2006.
Variable interest rates on cash and liquid resources are generally based on the appropriate Euro Interbank Offered Rate, LIBOR or bank rates dependent on principal amounts on deposit.
Elan Corporation, plc 2005 Annual Report  119


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b Credit Risk
Our treasury function transacts business with counterparties that are considered to be low investment risk. Credit limits are established commensurate with the credit rating of the financial institution that business is being transacted with. We only enter into contracts with parties that have at least an “A” or equivalent credit rating. The counterparties to these contracts are major financial institutions. The maximum exposure to credit risk is represented by the carrying amount of each financial asset, including derivative financial instruments, in the balance sheet. We believe that the risk of any net loss from counterparty risk is remote.
For customers, we have a credit policy in place which involves credit evaluation and ongoing account monitoring.
We do not currently transact significant business in countries that are subject to major political and economic uncertainty. As a result, we are not materially exposed to any sovereign risk or payment difficulties.
At the balance sheet date, we have a significant concentration of credit risk given that our three main customers, McKesson, Amerisource Bergen, and Cardinal Health, account for 44% of our gross accounts receivable balance at 31 December 2005. However, we do not believe our credit risk in relation to these three customers is significant.
c Foreign currency risk
We are a multinational business operating in a number of countries and the U.S. dollar is the primary currency in which we conduct business. The U.S. dollar is used for planning and budgetary purposes and as the presentation currency for financial reporting. We do, however, have revenues, costs, assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars. Consequently, we enter into derivative financial instruments to manage our non-U.S. dollar foreign exchange risk. We use forward contracts primarily to reduce exposures to market fluctuations in foreign exchange rates.
The U.S. dollar is the base currency against which all identified transactional foreign exchange exposures are managed and hedged. The principal risks to which we are exposed are movements in the exchange rates of the U.S. dollar against the Euro, Sterling and Japanese Yen. The main exposures are net costs in Euro arising from a manufacturing and research presence in Ireland and the sourcing of raw materials in European markets.
The table below shows our currency exposure. Such exposure comprises the monetary assets and monetary liabilities that are not denominated in the functional currency of the operating unit involved. At 31 December 2005 and 2004, respectively, these exposures were as follows:
         
Net Foreign Currency   Functional Currency of Group Operation
 
    At 31 December   At 31 December
    2005   2004
Monetary Assets/(Liabilities)   $m   $m
 
Sterling
  2.3   1.4
Euro
  5.4   (19.2)
Yen
  0.8   2.8
Swiss Franc
    0.2
Canadian Dollar
  0.4   0.3
 
Total
  8.9   (14.5)
 
The amounts shown in the table above take into account the effect of forward contracts entered into to manage these currency exposures.
d Equity Price Risk
We are exposed to equity price risks, primarily on our available-for-sale investments, which include quoted investments carried at a fair value of $9.9 million (2004: cost of $28.1 million). These investments are primarily in emerging pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. An adverse change in equity prices could result in a material impact in the fair value of our available-for-sale quoted investments.
120 Elan Corporation, plc 2005 Annual Report


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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
e Fair values
Fair value is the amount at which a financial instrument could be exchanged in an arms-length transaction between informed and willing parties, other than in a forced or liquidation sale. Cash and cash equivalents and available-for-sale investments are held at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets. Up to 1 January 2005, available-for-sale investments were stated at costs less provision for impairment in value. As a result, available-for-sale investments at 31 December 2004 had a carrying value of $91.9 million and a fair value of $122.6 million at that date.
This excerpt taken from the ELN 20-F filed Mar 30, 2006.
Interest Rate Risk on Investments
 
Our liquid funds are invested primarily in U.S. dollars except for the working capital balances of subsidiaries operating outside of the United States. Interest rate changes affect the returns on our investment funds. Our exposure to interest rate risk on liquid funds is actively monitored and managed with an average duration of less than three months. By calculating an overall exposure to interest rate risk rather than a series of individual instrument cash flow exposures, we can more readily monitor and hedge these risks. Duration analysis recognizes the time value of money and in particular, prevailing interest rates by discounting future cash flows.
 
The interest rate risk profile of our investments at December 31, 2005 was as follows (in millions):
 
                                 
    Fixed     Floating     No Interest     Total  
 
Cash and cash equivalents
  $     $ 1,080.7     $     $ 1,080.7  
Restricted cash
  $     $ 24.9     $     $ 24.9  
Marketable investment securities (current)
  $     $     $ 10.0     $ 10.0  
Marketable investment securities (non-current)
  $ 2.3     $     $ 10.8     $ 13.1  
 
Fixed interest rates on investments have a weighted average interest rate of 7.0% (2004: 7.5%), maturing in 2006.
 
Variable interest rates on cash and liquid resources are generally based on the appropriate Euro Interbank Offered Rate, LIBOR or bank rates dependent on principal amounts on deposit.
 
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