GMCR » Topics » ARTICLE III Board of Directors

These excerpts taken from the GMCR 10-K filed Dec 11, 2008.

Board of Directors

SECTION 1. General Powers. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may exercise all such authority and powers of the corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by statute or the Certificate of Incorporation directed or required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.

SECTION 2. Number. The number of Directors constituting the initial Board of Directors shall be as determined in the resolutions of the Incorporator of the Corporation electing the Initial Board of Directors. Thereafter, the number of Directors may be fixed, from time to time, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the entire Board of Directors. Any decrease in the number of Directors shall be effective at the time of the next succeeding annual meeting of stockholders unless there shall be vacancies in the Board of Directors, in which case such decrease may become effective at any time prior to the next succeeding annual meeting to the extent of the number of such vacancies.

SECTION 3. Election and Qualifications. Except as otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation, the directors shall be elected by the stockholders at the annual meeting of stockholders. A director need not be a stockholder. Each director shall hold office until his successor shall have been elected and qualified, or until his death, or until he shall have resigned, or have been removed, as hereinafter provided in these By-Laws.

SECTION 4. Classes. The Board shall be divided into three classes: Class I, Class II and Class III. The classes shall be as nearly equal in number as the then total number of directors constituting the entire Board permits. If the number of directors is changed, any increase or decrease in the number of directors shall be apportioned among the three classes so as to make all classes as nearly equal in number as possible, and the Board shall decide which class shall contain an unequal number of directors. The directors shall be assigned to a class at the time of their election.

SECTION 5. Terms of Office. Class I, Class II and Class III directors shall each serve three-year terms of service, with each class staggered to expire in successive years. At each Annual Meeting of Stockholders, the successors to the class of directors whose term shall then expire shall be elected to hold office for a term expiring at the third succeeding Annual Meeting of Stockholders and each director so elected shall hold office until his successor is elected and qualified, or until his earlier resignation or removal.


SECTION 6. Place of Meetings. Meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held at such place or places, within or without the State of Delaware, as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or as shall be specified in the notice of any such meeting.

SECTION 7. Annual Meeting. The Board of Directors shall meet for the purpose of organization, the election of officers and the transaction of other business, as soon as practicable after each Annual Meeting of Stockholders, on the same day and at the same place where such annual meeting- shall be held. Notice of such meeting need not be given. In the event such annual meeting is not so held, the annual meeting of the Board of Directors may be held at such other time or place (within or without the State of Delaware) as shall be specified in a notice thereof given as hereinafter provided in Section 10 of this Article III.

SECTION 8. Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held at such time and place as the Board of Directors may fix. If any day fixed for a regular meeting shall be a legal holiday at the place where the meeting is to be held, then the meeting which would otherwise be held on that day shall be held at the same hour on the next succeeding business day. Notice of regular meetings of the Board of Directors need not be given except as otherwise required by statute or these By-Laws.

SECTION 9. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the Chairman of the Board, if one shall have been elected, or by two or more Directors of the corporation or by the President.

SECTION 10. Notice of Meetings. Notice of each special meeting of the Board of Directors (and of each regular meeting for which notice shall be required) shall be given by the Secretary as hereinafter provided in this Section 10, in which notice shall be stated the time and place of the meeting. Except as otherwise required by these By-Laws, such notice need not state the purposes of such meeting. Notice of each such meeting shall be mailed, postage prepaid, to each director, addressed to him at his residence or usual place of business, by first class mail, at least two days before the day on which such meeting is to be held, or shall be communicated in person or by telephone, facsimile transmission or electronic transmission, at least twenty-four hours before the time at which such meeting is to be held. Notice of any such meeting need not be given to any director who shall, either before or after the meeting, submit a signed waiver of notice or who shall attend such meeting, except when he shall attend for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.

SECTION 11. Quorum and Manner of Acting. A majority of the entire Board of Directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting of the Board of Directors, and, except as otherwise expressly required by statute or the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, the act of a majority of the entire Board of Directors shall be the act of the Board of Directors. In the absence of a quorum at any meeting of the Board of Directors, a majority of the Directors present thereat may


adjourn such meeting to another time and place. Notice of the time and place of any such adjourned meeting shall be given to all of the Directors unless such time and place were announced at the meeting at which the adjournment was taken, in which case such notice shall only be given to the Directors who were not present thereat. At any adjourned meeting at which a quorum is present, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally called. The Directors shall act only as a Board and the individual Directors shall have no power as such.

SECTION 12. Organization. At each meeting of the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, if one shall have been elected, or, in the absence of the Chairman of the Board or if one shall not have been elected, the President (or, in his absence, another director chosen by a majority of the Directors present) shall act as chairman of the meeting and preside thereat. The Secretary or, in his absence, any person appointed by the chairman shall act as secretary of the meeting and keep the minutes thereof.

SECTION 13. Resignations. Any director of the Corporation may resign at any time by giving written notice of his resignation to the Corporation. Any such resignation shall take effect at the time specified therein or, if the time when it shall become effective shall not be specified therein, immediately upon its receipt. Unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.

SECTION 14. Vacancies. Any vacancy in the Board of Directors, whether arising from death, resignation, removal (with or without cause), an increase in the number of Directors or any other cause, may be filled by the vote of a majority of the Directors then in office, though less than a quorum, or by the sole remaining Director or by the stockholders at the next annual meeting thereof or at a special meeting thereof. Each director so elected shall hold office in the same class of his predecessor until his successor shall have been elected and qualified.

SECTION 15. Removal of Directors. Any Director may be removed for cause, at any time, by the holders of a majority of the voting power of the issued and outstanding capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at an election of Directors. For purposes of this section “cause” shall be deemed to include without limitation the termination of a Director’s employment with the Company provided that the Director was an employee of the Company at the time of his or her most recent election to the Board.

SECTION 16. Compensation. The Board of Directors shall have authority to fix the compensation, including fees and reimbursement of expenses, of Directors for services to the Corporation in any capacity.

SECTION 17. Committees. The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the entire Board of Directors, designate one or more committees, including an executive committee, each committee to consist of one or more of the Directors of the Corporation. The Board of Directors may designate one or more Directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In addition, in the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member.


Except to the extent restricted by statute or the Certificate of Incorporation, each such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution creating it, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers which require it. Each such committee shall serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors and have such name as may be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by the Board of Directors. Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to the Board of Directors.

SECTION 18. Action by Consent. Unless restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation, any action required or permitted to be taken by the Board of Directors or any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board of Directors or such committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission, and the writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions are filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the Board of Directors or such committee, as the case may be.

SECTION 19. Telephonic Meeting. Unless restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation, any one or more members of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors or such committee by a conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other. Participation by such means shall constitute presence in person at a meeting.

Board of Directors

STYLE="margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:0px">SECTION 1. General Powers. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors
may exercise all such authority and powers of the corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by statute or the Certificate of Incorporation directed or required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.

STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px">SECTION 2. Number. The number of Directors constituting the initial Board of Directors shall be as determined in the resolutions of the Incorporator of the
Corporation electing the Initial Board of Directors. Thereafter, the number of Directors may be fixed, from time to time, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the entire Board of Directors. Any decrease in the number of Directors shall be
effective at the time of the next succeeding annual meeting of stockholders unless there shall be vacancies in the Board of Directors, in which case such decrease may become effective at any time prior to the next succeeding annual meeting to the
extent of the number of such vacancies.

SECTION 3. Election and Qualifications. Except as otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation,
the directors shall be elected by the stockholders at the annual meeting of stockholders. A director need not be a stockholder. Each director shall hold office until his successor shall have been elected and qualified, or until his death, or until
he shall have resigned, or have been removed, as hereinafter provided in these By-Laws.

SECTION 4. Classes. The Board shall be divided into three
classes: Class I, Class II and Class III. The classes shall be as nearly equal in number as the then total number of directors constituting the entire Board permits. If the number of directors is changed, any increase or decrease in the number of
directors shall be apportioned among the three classes so as to make all classes as nearly equal in number as possible, and the Board shall decide which class shall contain an unequal number of directors. The directors shall be assigned to a class
at the time of their election.

SECTION 5. Terms of Office. Class I, Class II and Class III directors shall each serve three-year terms of service,
with each class staggered to expire in successive years. At each Annual Meeting of Stockholders, the successors to the class of directors whose term shall then expire shall be elected to hold office for a term expiring at the third succeeding Annual
Meeting of Stockholders and each director so elected shall hold office until his successor is elected and qualified, or until his earlier resignation or removal.







SECTION 6. Place of Meetings. Meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held at such place or places, within or
without the State of Delaware, as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or as shall be specified in the notice of any such meeting.

SIZE="2">SECTION 7. Annual Meeting. The Board of Directors shall meet for the purpose of organization, the election of officers and the transaction of other business, as soon as practicable after each Annual Meeting of Stockholders, on the
same day and at the same place where such annual meeting- shall be held. Notice of such meeting need not be given. In the event such annual meeting is not so held, the annual meeting of the Board of Directors may be held at such other time or place
(within or without the State of Delaware) as shall be specified in a notice thereof given as hereinafter provided in Section 10 of this Article III.

SIZE="2">SECTION 8. Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held at such time and place as the Board of Directors may fix. If any day fixed for a regular meeting shall be a legal holiday at the place where the
meeting is to be held, then the meeting which would otherwise be held on that day shall be held at the same hour on the next succeeding business day. Notice of regular meetings of the Board of Directors need not be given except as otherwise required
by statute or these By-Laws.

SECTION 9. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the Chairman of the Board, if
one shall have been elected, or by two or more Directors of the corporation or by the President.

SECTION 10. Notice of Meetings. Notice of each
special meeting of the Board of Directors (and of each regular meeting for which notice shall be required) shall be given by the Secretary as hereinafter provided in this Section 10, in which notice shall be stated the time and place of the
meeting. Except as otherwise required by these By-Laws, such notice need not state the purposes of such meeting. Notice of each such meeting shall be mailed, postage prepaid, to each director, addressed to him at his residence or usual place of
business, by first class mail, at least two days before the day on which such meeting is to be held, or shall be communicated in person or by telephone, facsimile transmission or electronic transmission, at least twenty-four hours before the time at
which such meeting is to be held. Notice of any such meeting need not be given to any director who shall, either before or after the meeting, submit a signed waiver of notice or who shall attend such meeting, except when he shall attend for the
express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.

SIZE="2">SECTION 11. Quorum and Manner of Acting. A majority of the entire Board of Directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting of the Board of Directors, and, except as otherwise expressly required by
statute or the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, the act of a majority of the entire Board of Directors shall be the act of the Board of Directors. In the absence of a quorum at any meeting of the Board of Directors, a majority of the
Directors present thereat may








adjourn such meeting to another time and place. Notice of the time and place of any such adjourned meeting shall be given to all of the Directors unless such
time and place were announced at the meeting at which the adjournment was taken, in which case such notice shall only be given to the Directors who were not present thereat. At any adjourned meeting at which a quorum is present, any business may be
transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally called. The Directors shall act only as a Board and the individual Directors shall have no power as such.

FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="2">SECTION 12. Organization. At each meeting of the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, if one shall have been elected, or, in the absence of the Chairman of the Board or if one shall not have been
elected, the President (or, in his absence, another director chosen by a majority of the Directors present) shall act as chairman of the meeting and preside thereat. The Secretary or, in his absence, any person appointed by the chairman shall act as
secretary of the meeting and keep the minutes thereof.

SECTION 13. Resignations. Any director of the Corporation may resign at any time by giving
written notice of his resignation to the Corporation. Any such resignation shall take effect at the time specified therein or, if the time when it shall become effective shall not be specified therein, immediately upon its receipt. Unless otherwise
specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.

SECTION 14. Vacancies. Any vacancy in the Board
of Directors, whether arising from death, resignation, removal (with or without cause), an increase in the number of Directors or any other cause, may be filled by the vote of a majority of the Directors then in office, though less than a quorum, or
by the sole remaining Director or by the stockholders at the next annual meeting thereof or at a special meeting thereof. Each director so elected shall hold office in the same class of his predecessor until his successor shall have been elected and
qualified.

SECTION 15. Removal of Directors. Any Director may be removed for cause, at any time, by the holders of a majority of the voting power
of the issued and outstanding capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at an election of Directors. For purposes of this section “cause” shall be deemed to include without limitation the termination of a Director’s employment
with the Company provided that the Director was an employee of the Company at the time of his or her most recent election to the Board.

SECTION 16.
Compensation. The Board of Directors shall have authority to fix the compensation, including fees and reimbursement of expenses, of Directors for services to the Corporation in any capacity.

STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px">SECTION 17. Committees. The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the entire Board of Directors, designate one or more committees,
including an executive committee, each committee to consist of one or more of the Directors of the Corporation. The Board of Directors may designate one or more Directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or
disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In addition, in the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or they
constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member.







Except to the extent restricted by statute or the Certificate of Incorporation, each such committee, to the extent
provided in the resolution creating it, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers which require it. Each such committee shall serve at
the pleasure of the Board of Directors and have such name as may be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by the Board of Directors. Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to the Board of
Directors.

SECTION 18. Action by Consent. Unless restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation, any action required or permitted to be taken by
the Board of Directors or any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board of Directors or such committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission, and the writing or writings or
electronic transmission or transmissions are filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the Board of Directors or such committee, as the case may be.

SIZE="2">SECTION 19. Telephonic Meeting. Unless restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation, any one or more members of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors or such
committee by a conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other. Participation by such means shall constitute presence in person at a meeting.

STYLE="margin-top:18px;margin-bottom:0px">ARTICLE IV

This excerpt taken from the GMCR 8-K filed Mar 21, 2007.

ARTICLE III
Board of Directors

SECTION 1. General Powers. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may exercise all such authority and powers of the corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by statute or the Certificate of Incorporation directed or required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.

SECTION 2. Number. The number of Directors constituting the initial Board of Directors shall be as determined in the resolutions of the Incorporator of the Corporation electing the Initial Board of Directors. Thereafter, the number of Directors may be fixed, from time to time, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the entire Board of Directors. Any decrease in the number of Directors shall be effective at the time of the next succeeding annual meeting of stockholders unless there shall be vacancies in the Board of Directors, in which case such decrease may become effective at any time prior to the next succeeding annual meeting to the extent of the number of such vacancies.

SECTION 3. Election and Qualifications. Except as otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation, the directors shall be elected by the stockholders at the annual meeting of stockholders. A director need not be a stockholder. Each director shall hold office until his successor shall have been elected and qualified, or until his death, or until he shall have resigned, or have been removed, as hereinafter provided in these By-Laws.

SECTION 4. Classes. The Board shall be divided into three classes: Class I, Class II and Class III. The classes shall be as nearly equal in number as the then total number of directors constituting the entire Board permits. If the number of directors is changed, any increase or decrease in the number of directors shall be apportioned among the three classes so as to make all classes as nearly equal in number as possible, and the Board shall decide which class shall contain an unequal number of directors. The directors shall be assigned to a class at the time of their election.

SECTION 5. Terms of Office. Initially, the directors in Class I and Class II will hold office for one and two-year terms, respectively. The directors appointed to Class I shall initially serve a one-year term and shall be eligible for re-election for a full three-year term at the Corporation's Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held in 2003. The directors appointed to Class II shall initially serve a two-year term and shall be eligible for re-election for a full three-year term at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held in 2004. The directors appointed to Class III shall initially serve a full three-year term and shall be eligible for re-election for a new three-year terms at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held in 2004. At each Annual Meeting of Stockholders, the successors to the class of directors whose term shall then expire shall be elected to hold office for a term expiring at the third succeeding Annual Meeting of Stockholders and each director so elected shall hold office until his successor is elected and qualified, or until his earlier resignation or removal.

SECTION 6. Place of Meetings. Meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held at such place or places, within or without the State of Delaware, as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or as shall be specified in the notice of any such meeting.

SECTION 7. Annual Meeting. The Board of Directors shall meet for the purpose of organization, the election of officers and the transaction of other business, as soon as practicable after each Annual Meeting of Stockholders, on the same day and at the same place where such annual meeting- shall be held. Notice of such meeting need not be given. In the event such annual meeting is not so held, the annual meeting of the Board of Directors may be held at such other time or place (within or without the State of Delaware) as shall be specified in a notice thereof given as hereinafter provided in Section 10 of this Article III.

SECTION 8. Regular meetings. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held at such time and place as the Board of Directors may fix. If any day fixed for a regular meeting shall be a legal holiday at the place where the meeting is to be held, then the meeting which would otherwise be held on that day shall be held at the same hour on the next succeeding business day. Notice of regular meetings of the Board of Directors need not be given except as otherwise required by statute or these By-Laws.

SECTION 9. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the Chairman of the Board, if one shall have been elected, or by two or more Directors of the corporation or by the President.

SECTION 10. Notice of Meetings. Notice of each special meeting of the Board of Directors (and of each regular meeting for which notice shall be required) shall be given by the Secretary as hereinafter provided in this Section 10, in which notice shall be stated the time and place of the meeting. Except as otherwise required by these By-Laws, such notice need not state the purposes of such meeting. Notice of each such meeting shall be mailed, postage prepaid, to each director, addressed to him at his residence or usual place of business, by first class mail, at least two days before the day on which such meeting is to be held, or shall be communicated in person or by telephone, facsimile transmission or electronic transmission, at least twenty-four hours before the time at which such meeting is to be held. Notice of any such meeting need not be given to any director who shall, either before or after the meeting, submit a signed waiver of notice or who shall attend such meeting, except when he shall attend for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.

SECTION 11. Quorum and Manner of Acting. A majority of the entire Board of Directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting of the Board of Directors, and, except as otherwise expressly required by statute or the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, the act of a majority of the entire Board of Directors shall be the act of the Board of Directors. In the absence of a quorum at any meeting of the Board of Directors, a majority of the Directors present thereat may adjourn such meeting to another time and place. Notice of the time and place of any such adjourned meeting shall be given to all of the Directors unless such time and place were announced at the meeting at which the adjournment was taken, in which case such notice shall only be given to the Directors who were not present thereat. At any adjourned meeting at which a quorum is present, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally called. The Directors shall act only as a Board and the individual Directors shall have no power as such.

SECTION 12. Organization. At each meeting of the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, if one shall have been elected, or, in the absence of the Chairman of the Board or if one shall not have been elected, the President (or, in his absence, another director chosen by a majority of the Directors present) shall act as chairman of the meeting and preside thereat. The Secretary or, in his absence, any person appointed by the chairman shall act as secretary of the meeting and keep the minutes thereof.

SECTION 13. Resignations. Any director of the Corporation may resign at any time by giving written notice of his resignation to the Corporation. Any such resignation shall take effect at the time specified therein or, if the time when it shall become effective shall not be specified therein, immediately upon its receipt. Unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.

SECTION 14. Vacancies. Any vacancy in the Board of Directors, whether arising from death, resignation, removal (with or without cause), an increase in the number of Directors or any other cause, may be filled by the vote of a majority of the Directors then in office, though less than a quorum, or by the sole remaining Director or by the stockholders at the next annual meeting thereof or at a special meeting thereof. Each director so elected shall hold office in the same class of his predecessor until his successor shall have been elected and qualified.

SECTION 15. Removal of Directors. Any Director may be removed for cause, at any time, by the holders of a majority of the voting power of the issued and outstanding capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at an election of Directors. For purposes of this section ''cause''shall be deemed to include without limitation the termination of a Director's employment with the Company provided that the Director was an employee of the Company at the time of his or her most recent election to the Board.

SECTION 16. Compensation. The Board of Directors shall have authority to fix the compensation, including fees and reimbursement of expenses, of Directors for services to the Corporation in any capacity.

SECTION 17. Committees. The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the entire Board of Directors, designate one or more committees, including an executive committee, each committee to consist of one or more of the Directors of the Corporation. The Board of Directors may designate one or more Directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In addition, in the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member.

Except to the extent restricted by statute or the Certificate of Incorporation, each such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution creating it, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers which require it. Each such committee shall serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors and have such name as may be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by the Board of Directors. Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to the Board of Directors.

SECTION 18. Action by Consent. Unless restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation, any action required or permitted to be taken by the Board of Directors or any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board of Directors or such committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission, and the writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions are filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the Board of Directors or such committee, as the case may be.

SECTION 19. Telephonic Meeting. Unless restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation, any one or more members of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors or such committee by a conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other. Participation by such means shall constitute presence in person at a meeting.

RELATED TOPICS for GMCR:

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