HSY » Topics » Commodities-Price Risk Management and Futures Contracts

This excerpt taken from the HSY 10-K filed Feb 19, 2010.

Commodities—Price Risk Management and Futures Contracts

Our most significant raw material requirements include cocoa products, sugar, dairy products, peanuts and almonds. The cost of cocoa products and prices for related futures contracts historically have been subject to wide fluctuations attributable to a variety of factors. These factors include:

 

   

Commodity market fluctuations;

 

   

Currency exchange rates;

 

   

Imbalances between supply and demand;

 

   

The effect of weather on crop yield;

 

   

Speculative influences;

 

   

Trade agreements among producing and consuming nations;

 

   

Political unrest in producing countries; and

 

   

Changes in governmental agricultural programs and energy policies.

We use futures and options contracts in combination with forward purchasing of cocoa products, sugar, corn sweeteners, natural gas, fuel oil and certain dairy products primarily to provide favorable pricing opportunities and flexibility in sourcing our raw material and energy requirements. We attempt to minimize the effect of future

 

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price fluctuations related to the purchase of raw materials by using forward purchasing to cover future manufacturing requirements generally for 3 to 24 months. However, the dairy futures markets are not as developed as many of the other commodities futures markets and, therefore, it is not possible to hedge our costs for dairy products by entering into futures contracts to extend coverage for longer periods of time. We use fuel oil futures contracts to minimize price fluctuations associated with our transportation costs. Our commodity procurement practices are intended to reduce the risk of future price increases and provide visibility to future costs, but also may potentially limit our ability to benefit from possible price decreases.

During 2009, the average cocoa futures contract prices increased compared with 2008, and traded in a range between $1.10 and $1.52 per pound, based on the prices of futures contracts traded on the IntercontinentalExchange. Cocoa futures prices during 2009 traded at prices which were near 30-year highs. The significant increase in cocoa futures prices reflected the impact of a weakening U.S. dollar as compared with other currencies, and an increase in asset allocation into commodity-based investments by various hedge funds.

During 2009, dairy prices started the year near $.13 per pound and dropped to approximately $.10 per pound on a class II fluid milk basis. Prices were weak in the face of strong production of milk and dairy products, and sluggish demand worldwide. Our costs for certain dairy products may not necessarily reflect market price fluctuations because of our forward purchasing practices.

We make or receive cash transfers to or from commodity futures brokers on a daily basis reflecting changes in the value of futures contracts on the IntercontinentalExchange or various other exchanges. These changes in value represent unrealized gains and losses. We report these cash transfers as a component of other comprehensive income. The cash transfers offset higher or lower cash requirements for the payment of future invoice prices of raw materials, energy requirements and transportation costs. Futures held in excess of the amount required to fix the price of unpriced physical forward contracts are effective as hedges of anticipated purchases.

Commodity Position Sensitivity Analysis

The following sensitivity analysis reflects our market risk to a hypothetical adverse market price movement of 10%, based on our net commodity positions at four dates spaced equally throughout the year. Our net commodity positions consist of the amount of futures contracts we hold over or under the amount of futures contracts we need to price unpriced physical forward contracts for the same commodities. Inventories, priced forward contracts and estimated anticipated purchases not yet under contract were not included in the sensitivity analysis calculations. We define a loss, for purposes of determining market risk, as the potential decrease in fair value or the opportunity cost resulting from the hypothetical adverse price movement. The fair values of net commodity positions reflect quoted market prices or estimated future prices, including estimated carrying costs corresponding with the future delivery period.

 

For the years ended December 31,

   2009    2008
     Fair
Value
    Market Risk
(Hypothetical
10% Change)
   Fair
Value
    Market Risk
(Hypothetical
10% Change)
In millions of dollars                      

Highest long position

   $ (209.0   $ 20.9    $ (357.1   $ 35.7

Lowest long position

     (513.2     51.3      (574.1     57.4

Average position (long)

     (363.1     36.3      (440.6     44.1

The increase in fair values from 2008 to 2009 primarily reflected higher 2009 prices, slightly offset by a decrease in net commodity positions. The negative positions primarily resulted as unpriced physical forward contract futures requirements exceeded the amount of commodities futures that we held at certain points in time during the years.

 

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These excerpts taken from the HSY 10-K filed Feb 20, 2009.

Commodities—Price Risk Management and Futures Contracts

Our most significant raw material requirements include cocoa products, sugar, dairy products, peanuts and almonds. The cost of cocoa products and prices for related futures contracts historically have been subject to wide fluctuations attributable to a variety of factors. These factors include:

 

   

the effect of weather on crop yield;

 

   

imbalances between supply and demand;

 

   

currency exchange rates;

 

   

political unrest in producing countries; and

 

   

speculative influences.

 

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Table of Contents

We use futures and options contracts in combination with forward purchasing of cocoa products, sugar, corn sweeteners, natural gas, fuel oil and certain dairy products primarily to provide favorable pricing opportunities and flexibility in sourcing our raw material and energy requirements. We attempt to minimize the effect of future price fluctuations related to the purchase of raw materials by using forward purchasing to cover future manufacturing requirements generally for 3 to 24 months. However, the dairy futures markets are not as developed as many of the other commodities markets and, therefore, there are limited opportunities to hedge our costs by taking forward positions to extend coverage beyond three to six months. We use fuel oil futures contracts to minimize price fluctuations associated with our transportation costs. Our commodity procurement practices are intended to reduce the risk of future price increases and provide visibility to future costs, but also may potentially limit our ability to benefit from possible price decreases.

During 2008, cocoa prices traded in a range between $.86 and $1.50 per pound, based on the prices of IntercontinentalExchange futures contracts. Cocoa futures traded at prices which were near 30-year highs by mid-year primarily reflecting speculative commodity fund trading activity. During the fourth quarter of 2008, a reduction in anticipated demand associated with deteriorating economic conditions in addition to strengthening of the U.S. dollar in relation to other relevant foreign currencies resulted in the significant liquidation of cocoa futures positions by speculative commodity funds. This resulted in a substantial decrease in cocoa futures market prices near the end of the year.

During 2008, dairy prices have come down from unprecedented highs set in 2007, starting the year at nearly $.20 per pound and dropping to $.15 per pound on a class II fluid milk basis. Prices have weakened in response to strong production of milk and dairy products and slowing demand worldwide.

We account for commodities futures contracts in accordance with SFAS No. 133. We make or receive cash transfers to or from commodity futures brokers on a daily basis reflecting changes in the value of futures contracts on the IntercontinentalExchange or various other exchanges. These changes in value represent unrealized gains and losses. We report these cash transfers as a component of other comprehensive income. The cash transfers offset higher or lower cash requirements for the payment of future invoice prices of raw materials, energy requirements and transportation costs. Futures held in excess of the amount required to fix the price of unpriced physical forward contracts are effective as hedges of anticipated purchases.

Commodities—Price Risk Management and Futures Contracts

STYLE="margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%">Our most significant raw material requirements include cocoa products, sugar, dairy products, peanuts and almonds. The cost of cocoa products and prices
for related futures contracts historically have been subject to wide fluctuations attributable to a variety of factors. These factors include:

 







  

the effect of weather on crop yield;

 







  

imbalances between supply and demand;

 







  

currency exchange rates;

 







  

political unrest in producing countries; and

 







  

speculative influences.

 


38







Table of Contents


We use futures and options contracts in combination with forward purchasing of cocoa products, sugar,
corn sweeteners, natural gas, fuel oil and certain dairy products primarily to provide favorable pricing opportunities and flexibility in sourcing our raw material and energy requirements. We attempt to minimize the effect of future price
fluctuations related to the purchase of raw materials by using forward purchasing to cover future manufacturing requirements generally for 3 to 24 months. However, the dairy futures markets are not as developed as many of the other commodities
markets and, therefore, there are limited opportunities to hedge our costs by taking forward positions to extend coverage beyond three to six months. We use fuel oil futures contracts to minimize price fluctuations associated with our transportation
costs. Our commodity procurement practices are intended to reduce the risk of future price increases and provide visibility to future costs, but also may potentially limit our ability to benefit from possible price decreases.

STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%">During 2008, cocoa prices traded in a range between $.86 and $1.50 per pound, based on the prices of IntercontinentalExchange futures contracts. Cocoa
futures traded at prices which were near 30-year highs by mid-year primarily reflecting speculative commodity fund trading activity. During the fourth quarter of 2008, a reduction in anticipated demand associated with deteriorating economic
conditions in addition to strengthening of the U.S. dollar in relation to other relevant foreign currencies resulted in the significant liquidation of cocoa futures positions by speculative commodity funds. This resulted in a substantial decrease in
cocoa futures market prices near the end of the year.

During 2008, dairy prices have come down from unprecedented highs set in 2007,
starting the year at nearly $.20 per pound and dropping to $.15 per pound on a class II fluid milk basis. Prices have weakened in response to strong production of milk and dairy products and slowing demand worldwide.

STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%">We account for commodities futures contracts in accordance with SFAS No. 133. We make or receive cash transfers to or from commodity futures brokers
on a daily basis reflecting changes in the value of futures contracts on the IntercontinentalExchange or various other exchanges. These changes in value represent unrealized gains and losses. We report these cash transfers as a component of other
comprehensive income. The cash transfers offset higher or lower cash requirements for the payment of future invoice prices of raw materials, energy requirements and transportation costs. Futures held in excess of the amount required to fix the price
of unpriced physical forward contracts are effective as hedges of anticipated purchases.

This excerpt taken from the HSY 10-K filed Feb 19, 2008.

Commodities—Price Risk Management and Futures Contracts

Our most significant raw material requirements include cocoa beans, cocoa products, sugar, dairy products, peanuts and almonds. The cost of cocoa beans and cocoa products and prices for related futures contracts historically have been subject to wide fluctuations attributable to a variety of factors. These factors include:

 

   

the effect of weather on crop yield;

 

   

imbalances between supply and demand;

 

   

currency exchange rates;

 

   

political unrest in producing countries; and

 

   

speculative influences.

During 2007, cocoa prices traded in a relatively wide range between 74¢ and 95¢ per pound, based on the New York Board of Trade futures contract. Our costs will not necessarily reflect market price fluctuations because of our forward purchasing practices, premiums and discounts that reflect varying delivery times, and supply and demand for specific varieties and grades of cocoa beans, cocoa liquor, cocoa butter and cocoa powder.

During 2007, dairy prices were significantly higher, starting the year at nearly 13¢ per pound and rising to 22¢ per pound on a class II fluid milk basis. Tight global supplies were driven by drought in Australia as well as reduced exports from the European Union due to the elimination of subsidies. Also, input costs for U.S. producers were up due to heightened grain prices impacting feed costs. Additionally, the United States Department of Agriculture adjusted their mechanism for establishing market prices of nonfat dry milk, further escalating costs.

We attempt to minimize the effect of future price fluctuations related to the purchase of our raw materials by using forward purchasing to cover future manufacturing requirements generally for 3 to 24 months. We use futures contracts in combination with forward purchasing of cocoa beans and cocoa products, sugar, corn sweeteners, natural gas, fuel oil and certain dairy products primarily to provide favorable pricing opportunities and flexibility in sourcing our raw material and energy requirements. However, the dairy markets are not as developed as many of the other commodities markets and, therefore, it is not possible to hedge our costs by taking forward positions to extend coverage for longer periods of time. We use fuel oil futures contracts to minimize price fluctuations associated with our transportation costs. Our commodity procurement practices are intended to reduce the risk of future price increases and provide visibility to future costs, but also may potentially limit our ability to benefit from possible price decreases.

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Table of Contents

 

We account for commodities futures contracts in accordance with SFAS No. 133. We make or receive cash transfers to or from commodity futures brokers on a daily basis reflecting changes in the value of futures contracts on the New York Board of Trade or various other exchanges. These changes in value represent unrealized gains and losses. We report these cash transfers as a component of other comprehensive income. The cash transfers offset higher or lower cash requirements for the payment of future invoice prices of raw materials, energy requirements and transportation costs. Futures held in excess of the amount required to fix the price of unpriced physical forward contracts are effective as hedges of anticipated purchases.

This excerpt taken from the HSY 10-K filed Feb 23, 2007.

Commodities—Price Risk Management and Futures Contracts

Our most significant raw material requirements include cocoa, sugar, milk, peanuts and almonds. The cost of cocoa beans and prices for related futures contracts historically have been subject to wide fluctuations attributable to a variety of factors. These factors include:

 

   

the effect of weather on crop yield;

 

   

imbalances between supply and demand;

 

   

currency exchange rates;

 

   

political unrest in producing countries; and

 

   

speculative influences.

During 2006, cocoa prices traded in a relatively wide range between 67¢ and 75¢ per pound, based on the New York Board of Trade futures contract. Our costs will not necessarily reflect market price fluctuations because of our forward purchasing practices, premiums and discounts that reflect varying delivery times, and supply and demand for specific varieties and grades of cocoa beans.

We attempt to minimize the effect of future price fluctuations related to the purchase of our raw materials by using forward purchasing to cover future manufacturing requirements generally for 3 to 24 months. We use futures contracts in combination with forward purchasing of cocoa and other commodities primarily to provide favorable pricing opportunities and flexibility in sourcing our raw material and energy requirements. We use fuel oil futures contracts to minimize price fluctuations associated with our transportation costs. Our commodity procurement practices are intended to reduce the risk of future price increases and provide visibility to future costs, but also may potentially limit our ability to benefit from possible price decreases.

We account for commodities futures contracts in accordance with SFAS No. 133, as amended. We make or receive cash transfers to or from commodity futures brokers on a daily basis reflecting changes in the value of futures contracts on the New York Board of Trade or various other exchanges. These changes in value represent unrealized gains and losses. We report these cash transfers as a component of other comprehensive income. The cash transfers offset higher or lower cash requirements for the payment of future invoice prices of raw materials, energy requirements and transportation costs. Futures held in excess of the amount required to fix the price of unpriced physical forward contracts are effective as hedges of anticipated purchases.

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