HSY » Topics » Raw Materials

This excerpt taken from the HSY 10-K filed Feb 19, 2010.

Raw Materials

Cocoa products are the most significant raw materials we use to produce our chocolate products. Cocoa products, including cocoa liquor, cocoa butter and cocoa powder processed from cocoa beans, are used to meet manufacturing requirements. Cocoa products are purchased directly from third party suppliers. These third party suppliers source cocoa beans which are grown principally in Far Eastern, West African and South American equatorial regions. West Africa accounts for approximately 70% of the world’s supply of cocoa beans.

Historically, there have been instances of adverse weather, crop disease, civil disruptions, and other problems in cocoa-producing countries that have caused price fluctuations, but have never resulted in total loss of a particular producing country’s cocoa crop and/or exports. In the event that such a disruption would occur in any given country, we believe cocoa from other producing countries and from current physical cocoa stocks in consuming countries would provide a significant supply buffer.

During 2009, the average cocoa futures contract prices increased compared with 2008, and traded in a range between $1.10 and $1.52 per pound, based on the IntercontinentalExchange futures contract. Cocoa futures prices during 2009 traded at prices which were near 30-year highs. The significant increase in cocoa futures prices reflected the impact of a weakening U.S. dollar as compared with other currencies, and an increase in asset allocation into commodity-based investments by various hedge funds. The table below shows annual average cocoa prices, and the highest and lowest monthly averages for each of the calendar years indicated. The prices are the monthly averages of the quotations at noon of the three active futures trading contracts closest to maturity on the IntercontinentalExchange.

 

     Cocoa Futures Contract Prices
(dollars per pound)
   2009    2008    2007    2006    2005

Annual Average

   $ 1.28    $ 1.19    $ .86    $ .70    $ .68

High

     1.52      1.50      .95      .75      .79

Low

     1.10      .86      .75      .67      .64

 

Source: International Cocoa Organization Quarterly Bulletin of Cocoa Statistics

Our costs will not necessarily reflect market price fluctuations because of our forward purchasing and hedging practices, premiums and discounts reflective of varying delivery times, and supply and demand for our specific varieties and grades of cocoa liquor, cocoa butter and cocoa powder. As a result, the average futures contract prices are not necessarily indicative of our average costs.

The Food, Conservation and Energy Act of 2008, which is a five-year farm bill, impacts the prices of sugar, corn, peanuts and dairy products because it sets price support levels for these commodities.

During 2009, dairy prices started the year near $.13 per pound and dropped to approximately $.10 per pound on a class II fluid milk basis. Prices were weak in the face of strong production of milk and dairy products, and sluggish demand worldwide. Our costs for certain dairy products may not necessarily reflect market price fluctuations because of our forward purchasing practices.

The price of sugar is subject to price supports under U.S. farm legislation. This legislation establishes import quotas and duties to support the price of sugar. As a result, sugar prices paid by users in the U.S. are currently substantially higher than prices on the world sugar market. In 2009, sugar supplies in the U.S. continued to be negatively impacted by the 2008 catastrophic explosion at a sugar cane refinery in Georgia and by high world market prices. As a result, refined sugar prices remained firm, trading in a range from $.38 to $.50 per pound. Our costs for sugar will not necessarily reflect market price fluctuations primarily because of our forward purchasing and hedging practices.

 

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Peanut prices in the U.S. began the year around $.49 per pound and gradually decreased during the year to $.46 per pound due to the effects of last year’s large crop. Almond prices began the year at $1.60 per pound and increased to $1.95 per pound during the year driven by record demand which increased 19% over last year.

We attempt to minimize the effect of future price fluctuations related to the purchase of major raw materials and certain energy requirements primarily through forward purchasing to cover our future requirements, generally for periods from 3 to 24 months. We enter into futures contracts to manage price risks for cocoa products, sugar, corn sweeteners, natural gas, fuel oil and certain dairy products. However, the dairy futures markets are not as developed as many of the other commodities futures markets and, therefore, generally it is not possible to hedge our costs for dairy products by entering into futures contracts to extend coverage for longer periods of time. Currently, active futures contracts are not available for use in pricing our other major raw material requirements. For more information on price risks associated with our major raw material requirements, see CommoditiesPrice Risk Management and Futures Contracts on page 39.

This excerpt taken from the HSY 10-K filed Feb 20, 2009.

Raw Materials

Cocoa products are the most significant raw materials we use to produce our chocolate products. Cocoa products, including cocoa liquor, cocoa butter and cocoa powder processed from cocoa beans, are used to meet manufacturing requirements. Cocoa products are purchased directly from third party suppliers. These third party suppliers source cocoa beans which are grown principally in Far Eastern, West African and South American equatorial regions. West Africa accounts for approximately 70 percent of the world’s supply of cocoa beans.

Historically, there have been instances of weather catastrophes, crop disease, civil disruptions, embargoes and other problems in cocoa-producing countries that have caused price fluctuations, but have never resulted in total loss of a particular producing country’s cocoa crop and/or exports. In the event that such a disruption would occur in any given country, we believe cocoa from other producing countries and from current physical cocoa stocks in consuming countries would provide a significant supply buffer.

During 2008, cocoa futures contract prices increased sharply compared with 2007 and 2006, and traded in a range between $.86 and $1.50 per pound, based on the IntercontinentalExchange futures contract. Cocoa futures prices during 2008 were very volatile and traded at prices which were near 30-year highs by mid-year, primarily reflecting speculative commodity fund trading activity. During the fourth quarter of 2008, prices declined somewhat from the mid-year highs as a result of an anticipated decrease in demand associated with deteriorating economic conditions in addition to strengthening of the U.S. dollar in relation to other relevant foreign currencies. The annual average cocoa futures contract price increased 38% in 2008 compared with 2007. The table below shows annual average cocoa prices, and the highest and lowest monthly averages for each of the calendar years indicated. The prices are the monthly averages of the quotations at noon of the three active futures trading contracts closest to maturity on the IntercontinentalExchange.

 

     Cocoa Futures Contract Prices
(dollars per pound)
     2008    2007    2006    2005    2004

Annual Average

   $ 1.19    $ .86    $ .70    $ .68    $ .69

High

     1.50      .95      .75      .79      .77

Low

     .86      .75      .67      .64      .62

 

Source: International Cocoa Organization Quarterly Bulletin of Cocoa Statistics

 

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Table of Contents

Our costs will not necessarily reflect market price fluctuations because of our forward purchasing and hedging practices, premiums and discounts reflective of varying delivery times, and supply and demand for our specific varieties and grades of cocoa liquor, cocoa butter and cocoa powder. As a result, the average futures contract prices are not necessarily indicative of our average costs.

The Food, Conservation and Energy Act of 2008, which is a five-year farm bill, impacts the prices of sugar, corn, peanuts and dairy products because it sets price support levels for these commodities.

During 2008, dairy prices came down from unprecedented highs set in 2007, starting the year at nearly $.20 per pound and dropping to $.15 per pound on a class II fluid milk basis. Prices have weakened in response to strong production of milk and dairy products, and slowing demand worldwide.

The price of sugar is subject to price supports under U.S. farm legislation. This legislation establishes import quotas and duties to support the price of sugar. As a result, sugar prices paid by users in the U.S. are currently substantially higher than prices on the world sugar market. In 2008, sugar supplies in the U.S. were negatively impacted by a catastrophic explosion at a sugar cane refinery in Georgia and by a smaller sugar beet crop. As a result, refined sugar prices increased from $.29 to $.45 per pound. Our costs for sugar will not necessarily reflect market price fluctuations primarily because of our forward purchasing and hedging practices.

Peanut prices in the U.S. began the year around $.63 per pound, but gradually increased during the year to $.76 per pound due to supply tightness driven by a below average crop during the previous year. Almond prices began the year at $2.25 per pound and declined to $1.90 per pound during the year driven by supply increases reflecting a record crop which produced 9% more volume than the prior year.

We attempt to minimize the effect of future price fluctuations related to the purchase of major raw materials and certain energy requirements primarily through forward purchasing to cover our future requirements, generally for periods from 3 to 24 months. We enter into futures contracts to manage price risks for cocoa products, sugar, corn sweeteners, natural gas, fuel oil and certain dairy products. However, the dairy markets are not as developed as many of the other commodities markets and, therefore, it is not possible to hedge our costs for dairy products by taking forward positions to extend coverage for longer periods of time. Currently, active futures contracts are not available for use in pricing our other major raw material requirements. For more information on price risks associated with our major raw material requirements, see Commodities—Price Risk Management and Futures Contracts on page 38.

These excerpts taken from the HSY 10-K filed Feb 19, 2008.

Raw Materials

Cocoa is the most significant raw material we use to produce our chocolate products. We buy a mix of cocoa beans and cocoa products, including cocoa liquor, cocoa butter and cocoa powder, to meet manufacturing requirements. Cocoa beans and cocoa products are purchased directly from third party suppliers. Cocoa beans are grown principally in Far Eastern, West African and South American equatorial regions. West Africa accounts for approximately 70 percent of the world’s supply of cocoa beans. Cocoa beans are not uniform, and the various grades and varieties reflect the diverse agricultural practices and natural conditions found in many growing areas.

Historically there have been instances of weather catastrophes, crop disease, civil disruptions, embargoes and other problems in cocoa-producing countries that have caused price fluctuations, but have never resulted in total loss of a particular producing country’s cocoa crop and/or exports. In the event that such a disruption would occur in any given country, we believe cocoa from other producing countries and from current physical cocoa stocks in consuming countries would provide a significant supply buffer.

Cocoa beans are processed to produce cocoa liquor, cocoa butter and cocoa powder. Beginning in 2008, we will predominately purchase cocoa products to meet our manufacturing requirements rather than processing cocoa beans. This change to our manufacturing process is the result of a comprehensive, supply chain transformation program to enhance manufacturing, sourcing and customer service capabilities that we initiated in 2007, along with ingredient sourcing arrangements entered into during 2007.

During 2007, cocoa prices traded in a range between 74¢ and 95¢ per pound, based on the New York Board of Trade futures contract. The table below shows annual average cocoa prices, and the highest and lowest monthly averages for each of the calendar years indicated. The prices are the monthly average of the quotations at noon of the three active futures trading contracts closest to maturity on the New York Board of Trade.

 

     Cocoa Futures Contract Prices
(cents per pound)
     2007    2006    2005    2004    2003

Annual Average

   86.1    70.0    68.3    68.7    77.8

High

   94.6    74.9    78.7    76.8    99.8

Low

   74.5    67.1    63.5    62.1    65.6

 

Source: International Cocoa Organization Quarterly Bulletin of Cocoa Statistics

Our costs will not necessarily reflect market price fluctuations because of our forward purchasing practices, premiums and discounts reflective of varying delivery times, and supply and demand for our specific varieties and grades of cocoa beans, cocoa liquor, cocoa butter and cocoa powder. As a result, the average futures contract prices are not necessarily indicative of our average cost of cocoa beans or cocoa products.

5


Table of Contents

 

The Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002, which is a six-year farm bill, impacts the prices of sugar, corn, peanuts and dairy products because it sets price support levels for these commodities.

During 2007, dairy prices were significantly higher, starting the year at nearly 13¢ per pound and rising to 22¢ per pound on a class II fluid milk basis. Tight global supplies were driven by drought in Australia as well as reduced exports from the European Union due to the elimination of subsidies. Also, input costs for U.S. producers were up due to heightened grain prices impacting feed costs. Additionally, the United States Department of Agriculture adjusted their mechanism for establishing market prices of nonfat dry milk, further escalating costs.

The price of sugar is subject to price supports under U.S. farm legislation. This legislation establishes import quotas and duties to support the price of sugar. As a result, sugar prices paid by users in the U.S. are currently substantially higher than prices on the world sugar market. In 2007, sugar supplies in the U.S. improved due to larger sugar beet and sugar cane crops. As a result, refined sugar prices declined from 31¢ to 29¢ per pound. Our costs for sugar will not necessarily reflect market price fluctuations primarily because of our forward purchasing and hedging practices.

Peanut prices in the U.S. began the year around 42¢ per pound but gradually increased during the year to 53¢ per pound due to supply tightness driven by lower planted acreage and dry conditions during the growing season. Almond prices began the year at $2.50 per pound and declined to $2.20 per pound during the year driven by supply increases due to a record crop which produced 19% more volume than the prior year.

We attempt to minimize the effect of future price fluctuations related to the purchase of major raw materials and certain energy requirements primarily through forward purchasing to cover our future requirements, generally for periods from 3 to 24 months. We enter into futures contracts to manage price risks for cocoa beans and cocoa products, sugar, corn sweeteners, natural gas, fuel oil and certain dairy products. However, the dairy markets are not as developed as many of the other commodities markets and, therefore, it is not possible to hedge our costs for dairy products by taking forward positions to extend coverage for longer periods of time. Currently, active futures contracts are not available for use in pricing our other major raw material requirements. For more information on price risks associated with our major raw material requirements, see CommoditiesPrice Risk Management and Futures Contracts on page 39.

Raw Materials

STYLE="margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%">Cocoa is the most significant raw material we use to produce our chocolate products. We buy a mix of cocoa beans and cocoa products, including cocoa
liquor, cocoa butter and cocoa powder, to meet manufacturing requirements. Cocoa beans and cocoa products are purchased directly from third party suppliers. Cocoa beans are grown principally in Far Eastern, West African and South American equatorial
regions. West Africa accounts for approximately 70 percent of the world’s supply of cocoa beans. Cocoa beans are not uniform, and the various grades and varieties reflect the diverse agricultural practices and natural conditions found in many
growing areas.

Historically there have been instances of weather catastrophes, crop disease, civil disruptions, embargoes and other
problems in cocoa-producing countries that have caused price fluctuations, but have never resulted in total loss of a particular producing country’s cocoa crop and/or exports. In the event that such a disruption would occur in any given
country, we believe cocoa from other producing countries and from current physical cocoa stocks in consuming countries would provide a significant supply buffer.

FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Cocoa beans are processed to produce cocoa liquor, cocoa butter and cocoa powder. Beginning in 2008, we will predominately purchase cocoa products to meet our manufacturing requirements rather than processing cocoa
beans. This change to our manufacturing process is the result of a comprehensive, supply chain transformation program to enhance manufacturing, sourcing and customer service capabilities that we initiated in 2007, along with ingredient sourcing
arrangements entered into during 2007.

During 2007, cocoa prices traded in a range between 74¢ and 95¢ per pound, based on
the New York Board of Trade futures contract. The table below shows annual average cocoa prices, and the highest and lowest monthly averages for each of the calendar years indicated. The prices are the monthly average of the quotations at noon of
the three active futures trading contracts closest to maturity on the New York Board of Trade.

 




































































   Cocoa Futures Contract Prices
(cents per
pound)
   2007  2006  2005  2004  2003

Annual Average

  86.1  70.0  68.3  68.7  77.8

High

  94.6  74.9  78.7  76.8  99.8

Low

  74.5  67.1  63.5  62.1  65.6

 

FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Source: International Cocoa Organization Quarterly Bulletin of Cocoa Statistics

Our costs will not
necessarily reflect market price fluctuations because of our forward purchasing practices, premiums and discounts reflective of varying delivery times, and supply and demand for our specific varieties and grades of cocoa beans, cocoa liquor, cocoa
butter and cocoa powder. As a result, the average futures contract prices are not necessarily indicative of our average cost of cocoa beans or cocoa products.


5







Table of Contents


 

The Farm Security and Rural
Investment Act of 2002, which is a six-year farm bill, impacts the prices of sugar, corn, peanuts and dairy products because it sets price support levels for these commodities.

STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%">During 2007, dairy prices were significantly higher, starting the year at nearly 13¢ per pound and rising to 22¢ per pound on a class
II fluid milk basis. Tight global supplies were driven by drought in Australia as well as reduced exports from the European Union due to the elimination of subsidies. Also, input costs for U.S. producers were up due to heightened grain prices
impacting feed costs. Additionally, the United States Department of Agriculture adjusted their mechanism for establishing market prices of nonfat dry milk, further escalating costs.

STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%">The price of sugar is subject to price supports under U.S. farm legislation. This legislation establishes import quotas and duties to support the price
of sugar. As a result, sugar prices paid by users in the U.S. are currently substantially higher than prices on the world sugar market. In 2007, sugar supplies in the U.S. improved due to larger sugar beet and sugar cane crops. As a result, refined
sugar prices declined from 31¢ to 29¢ per pound. Our costs for sugar will not necessarily reflect market price fluctuations primarily because of our forward purchasing and hedging practices.

STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%">Peanut prices in the U.S. began the year around 42¢ per pound but gradually increased during the year to 53¢ per pound due to supply
tightness driven by lower planted acreage and dry conditions during the growing season. Almond prices began the year at $2.50 per pound and declined to $2.20 per pound during the year driven by supply increases due to a record crop which produced
19% more volume than the prior year.

We attempt to minimize the effect of future price fluctuations related to the purchase of major raw
materials and certain energy requirements primarily through forward purchasing to cover our future requirements, generally for periods from 3 to 24 months. We enter into futures contracts to manage price risks for cocoa beans and cocoa products,
sugar, corn sweeteners, natural gas, fuel oil and certain dairy products. However, the dairy markets are not as developed as many of the other commodities markets and, therefore, it is not possible to hedge our costs for dairy products by taking
forward positions to extend coverage for longer periods of time. Currently, active futures contracts are not available for use in pricing our other major raw material requirements. For more information on price risks associated with our major raw
material requirements, see CommoditiesPrice Risk Management and Futures Contracts on page 39.

This excerpt taken from the HSY 10-K filed Feb 23, 2007.

Raw Materials

Cocoa is the most significant raw material we use to produce our chocolate products. We buy a mix of cocoa beans and cocoa products, such as cocoa butter, cocoa liquor and cocoa powder, to meet manufacturing requirements. Cocoa beans are grown principally in Far Eastern, West African and South American equatorial regions. West Africa accounts for approximately 70 percent of the world’s crop of cocoa beans. Cocoa beans are not uniform, and the various grades and varieties reflect the diverse agricultural practices and natural conditions found in many growing areas.

Civil unrest in the world’s largest cocoa-producing country, the Ivory Coast, has resulted in volatile prices. However, we believe a significant disruption of cocoa supplies from the Ivory Coast is unlikely. In the event such disruption would occur, we believe cocoa from other producing countries and from current physical cocoa stocks in consuming countries would provide a significant supply buffer. Historically there have been instances of weather catastrophes, crop disease, civil disruptions, embargoes and other problems in cocoa-producing countries that have caused price fluctuations, but have never resulted in total loss of a particular producing country’s cocoa crop and/or exports.

During 2006, cocoa prices traded in a range between 67¢ and 75¢ per pound, based on the New York Board of Trade futures contract. The table below shows annual average cocoa prices, and the highest and lowest monthly averages for each of the calendar years indicated. The prices are the monthly average of the quotations at noon of the three active futures trading contracts closest to maturity on the New York Board of Trade.

 

    

Cocoa Futures Contract Prices

(cents per pound)

     2006    2005    2004    2003    2002

Annual Average

   70.0    68.3    68.7    77.8    76.9

High

   74.9    78.7    76.8    99.8    96.7

Low

   67.1    63.5    62.1    65.6    60.3

Source: International Cocoa Organization Quarterly Bulletin of Cocoa Statistics

Our costs will not necessarily reflect market price fluctuations because of our forward purchasing and hedging practices, premiums and discounts reflective of varying delivery times, and supply and demand for our specific varieties and grades of cocoa beans. As a result, the average futures contract prices are not necessarily indicative of our average cost of cocoa beans or cocoa products.

The Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002, which is a six-year farm bill, impacts the prices of sugar, corn, peanuts and milk because it sets price support levels for these commodities. The price of sugar, one of our most important commodities, is subject to price supports under this farm legislation. This legislation establishes import quotas and duties to support the price of sugar. As a result, sugar prices paid by United States users are currently substantially higher than prices on the world sugar market.

In 2006, sugar crops and sugar refiners recovered from the hurricane impact of 2005. As a result, refined sugar prices declined from 38¢ to 31¢ per pound. Our costs for sugar will not necessarily reflect market price fluctuations primarily because of our forward purchasing and hedging practices.

United States peanut prices began the year around 37¢ per pound but gradually increased during the year to 42¢ per pound. Almond prices began the year at $3.40 per pound and declined to $2.50 per pound. During 2006, milk prices moderated slightly from the high price levels of 2005. We believe that our raw materials supply is adequate to meet our manufacturing requirements.

We attempt to minimize the effect of future price fluctuations related to the purchase of major raw materials and certain energy requirements primarily through forward purchasing to cover our future requirements,

 

5


generally for periods from 3 to 24 months. We enter into futures contracts to manage price risks for cocoa, sugar, corn sweeteners, natural gas, fuel oil and certain dairy products. Currently, active futures contracts are not available for use in pricing our other major raw material requirements. For more information on price risks associated with our major raw material requirements, see Commodities—Price Risk Management and Futures Contracts on page 34.

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