1.             Representations and Warranties.  The Company represents and warrants to, and agrees with each Underwriter that:

(a)           The Company meets the requirements for use of Form S-3 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), and has filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) an “automatic shelf registration” statement as defined under Rule 405 of the rules and regulations of the Act (the “Act Regulations”) (the file number of which is set forth in Schedule I hereto), including a related base prospectus, on such Form for the registration under the Act of the offering and sale of the Securities.  Such registration statement, including any amendments thereto filed prior to the Execution Time, became effective upon filing.  The Company may have filed one or more preliminary prospectuses, including a Preliminary Prospectus, in accordance with Rules 415 and 424(b), each of which has previously been furnished to you.  The Company will file with the Commission a Final Prospectus relating to the Securities in accordance with Rules 430B and 424(b) of the Act Regulations.  As filed such Final Prospectus shall include all Rule 430B Information and, except to the extent the Representatives shall agree in writing to a modification, shall be in all substantive respects in the form furnished to you

1.             Representations and Warranties. The Company represents and warrants to, and agrees with each Underwriter that:

(a)           The Company meets the requirements for use of Form S-3 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), and has filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) an “automatic shelf registration” statement as defined under Rule 405 of the rules and regulations of the Act (the “Act Regulations”) (the file number of which is set forth in Schedule I hereto), including a related base prospectus, on such Form for the registration under the Act of the offering and sale of the Securities. Such registration statement, including any amendments thereto filed prior to the Execution Time, became effective upon filing. The Company may have filed one or more preliminary prospectuses, including a Preliminary Prospectus, in accordance with Rules 415 and 424(b), each of which has previously been furnished to you. The Company will file with the Commission a Final Prospectus relating to the Securities in accordance with Rules 430B and 424(b) of the Act Regulations. As filed such Final Prospectus shall include all Rule 430B Information and, except to the extent the Representatives shall agree in writing to a modification, shall be in all substantive respects in the form furnished to you

prior to the Execution Time or, to the extent not completed at the Execution Time, shall contain only such specific additional information and other changes (beyond that contained in the Base Prospectus and any Preliminary Prospectus) as the Company has advised you, prior to the Execution Time, will be included or made therein. The Registration Statement, at the Execution Time, meets the requirements set forth in Rule 415(a)(1)(x).

The terms that follow, when used in this Agreement, shall have the meanings indicated. The term “Effective Date” shall mean each date that the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment or amendments thereto became or become effective. The term “Applicable Time” shall mean such date and time that sales of the Securities are first made. “Execution Time” shall mean the date and time that this Agreement is executed and delivered by the parties hereto. “Base Prospectus” shall mean the prospectus referred to in the preceding paragraph included in the Registration Statement at their most recent Effective Date. “Final Prospectus” shall mean the prospectus supplement relating to the Securities that is first filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) after the Execution Time that includes the 430B Information, together with the Base Prospectus. “Registration Statement” shall mean the registration statement referred to in the preceding paragraph, including such portions of incorporated documents as are specifically incorporated by reference since the end of the fiscal year covered by the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, including exhibits and financial statements, and including any prospectus supplement relating to the Securities that is filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424 (b) and deemed part of the registration statement pursuant to Rule 430B, in the form in which it or they has or have or shall become effective and, in the event any post-effective amendment thereto becomes effective prior to the Closing Date (as hereinafter defined), shall also mean such registration statement or statements as so amended. “Rule 415,” “Rule 424,” “Rule 430B,” “Rule 433” and “Regulation S-K” refer to such rules under the Act. “Rule 430B Information” means information with respect to the Securities and the offering thereof permitted to be omitted from the Registration Statement when it becomes effective pursuant to Rule 430B. “Disclosure Package” shall mean (i) the Base Prospectus, as amended and supplemented to the Applicable Time, (ii) any Preliminary Prospectus, (iii) the Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses, if any, identified in Schedule III hereto and (iv) any other Free Writing Prospectuses that the parties hereto shall hereafter expressly agree in writing to be treated as part of the Disclosure Package. “Free Writing Prospectus” shall mean a free writing prospectus, as defined in Rule 405, used in connection with the offering of the Securities. “Issuer Free Writing Prospectus” shall mean an issuer free writing prospectus, as defined in Rule 433, used in connection with the offering of the Securities. “Preliminary Prospectus” shall mean any preliminary prospectus supplement to the Base Prospectus which describes the Securities and the related offering and is used prior to filing of the Final Prospectus, together with the Base Prospectus. “Well-Known Seasoned Issuer” shall mean a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405. Any reference herein to the Registration Statement, a Preliminary Prospectus or the Final Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include such portions of documents as are specifically incorporated by reference therein pursuant to Item 12 of Form S-3 which were filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), on or before the Effective Date of the Registration Statement or the date of such Preliminary Prospectus or the Final Prospectus, as the case may be; and any

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reference herein to the terms “amend,” “amendment” or “supplement” with respect to the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus or the Final Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include the filing of any document under the Exchange Act after the Effective Date of the Registration Statement, or the date of any Preliminary Prospectus or the Final Prospectus, as the case may be, deemed to be incorporated therein by reference.

(b)           On the Effective Date, the Registration Statement did, and when the Final Prospectus is first filed in accordance with Rule 424(b) and on the Closing Date, the Final Prospectus (and any supplement thereto) will, comply in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Act and the rules thereunder; on the Effective Date and on the Closing Date the Indenture did or will comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended (the “Trust Indenture Act”), and the rules thereunder; on the applicable Effective Date and at the Execution Time, the Registration Statement did not contain any untrue statement of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading; and as of its date and on the Closing Date, the Final Prospectus (together with any supplement thereto) will not, include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided, however, that the Company makes no representations or warranties as to (i) that part of the Registration Statement which shall constitute the Statement of Eligibility and Qualification (Form T-1) under the Trust Indenture Act of the Trustee or (ii) the information contained in or omitted from the Registration Statement or the Final Prospectus (or any supplement thereto) in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished in writing to the Company by or on behalf of any Underwriter through the Representatives specifically for inclusion in connection with the preparation of the Registration Statement or the Final Prospectus (or any supplement thereto).

(c)           This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company. The Indenture has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company, has been duly qualified under the Trust Indenture Act, and constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms (subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, arrangement, moratorium and other similar laws relating to or affecting the rights and remedies of creditors generally from time to time in effect, and subject to general principles of equity, regardless of whether such enforceability is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law, and subject to limitations on rights to indemnification and contribution under applicable law or equitable principles); and the Securities have been duly authorized and, when executed and authenticated in accordance with the provisions of the Indenture and delivered to and paid for by the Underwriters pursuant to this Agreement, will constitute legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company entitled to the benefits of the Indenture (subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, arrangement, moratorium and other similar laws relating to or affecting the rights and remedies of creditors generally from time to time in effect, and subject to general principles of equity, regardless of whether such enforceability is

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