LM » Topics » EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

This excerpt taken from the LM 8-K filed Aug 5, 2009.

EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

Legg Mason, Inc., a holding company, with its subsidiaries (which collectively comprise “Legg Mason”) is a global asset management firm. Acting through our subsidiaries, we provide investment management and related services to institutional and individual clients, company-sponsored mutual funds and other investment vehicles. We offer these products and services directly and through various financial intermediaries. We have operations principally in the United States of America and the United Kingdom and also have offices in Australia, Bahamas, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Dubai, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Poland, Singapore, Spain and Taiwan.

We operate in one reportable business segment, Asset Management. In connection with changes to our executive management during fiscal 2009 and a desire to expand multi-channel distribution capabilities and to better align our resources to access new growth opportunities, we realigned our management responsibilities. As a result, we now manage our business in two divisions or operating segments, Americas and International, which are primarily based on the geographic location of the advisor or the domicile of fund families we manage. Our division managers report directly to our Chief Executive Officer. The Americas Division consists of our U.S.- domiciled fund families, the separate account businesses of our U.S.-based investment affiliates and the domestic distribution organization. Similarly, the International Division consists of our fund complexes, distribution teams and investment affiliates located outside the U.S. We believe this structure will provide greater focus and allow us to maximize distribution efforts and more efficiently take advantage of growth opportunities locally and abroad. Presentation of all previously reported amounts have been conformed to the new management structure.

Our operating revenues primarily consist of investment advisory fees, from separate accounts and funds, and distribution and service fees. Investment advisory fees are generally calculated as a percentage of the assets of the investment portfolios that we manage. In addition, performance fees may be earned under certain investment advisory contracts for exceeding performance benchmarks. Distribution and service fees are fees received for distributing investment products and services or for providing other support services to investment portfolios, and are generally calculated as a percentage of the assets in an investment portfolio or as a percentage of new assets added to an investment portfolio. Our revenues, therefore, are dependent upon the level of our assets under management, and thus are affected by factors such as securities market conditions, our ability to attract and maintain assets under management and key investment personnel, and investment performance. Our assets under management primarily vary from period to period due to inflows and outflows of client assets and market performance. Client decisions to increase or decrease their assets under our management, and decisions by potential clients to utilize our services, may be based on one or more of a number of factors. These factors include our reputation in the marketplace, the investment performance, both absolute and relative to benchmarks or competitive products, of our products and services, the client or potential client’s situation, including investment objectives, liquidity needs, investment horizon and amount of assets managed, our relationships with distributors and the external economic environment, including market conditions.

The fees that we charge for our investment services vary based upon factors such as the type of underlying investment product, the amount of assets under management, and the type of services (and investment objectives) that are provided. Fees charged for equity asset management services are generally higher than fees charged for fixed income and liquidity asset management services. Accordingly, our revenues will be affected by the composition of our assets under management. In addition, in the ordinary course of our business, we may reduce or waive investment management fees, or limit total expenses, on certain products or services for particular time periods to manage fund expenses, or for other reasons, and to help retain or increase managed assets. Under revenue sharing agreements, certain of our subsidiaries retain different percentages of revenues to cover their costs, including compensation. As such, our net income attributable to Legg Mason, Inc., profit margin and compensation as a percentage of operating revenues are impacted based on which subsidiaries generate our revenues, and a change in assets under management at one subsidiary can have a dramatically different effect on our revenues and earnings than an equal change at another subsidiary.

The most significant component of our cost structure is employee compensation and benefits, of which a majority is variable in nature and includes incentive compensation that is primarily based upon revenue levels and profits. The next largest component of our cost structure is distribution and servicing fees, which are primarily fees paid to third party distributors for selling our asset management products and services and are largely variable in nature. Certain other operating costs are fixed in nature, such as occupancy, depreciation and amortization, and fixed contract commitments for market data, communication and technology services, and usually do not decline with reduced levels of business activity or, conversely, usually do not rise proportionately with increased business activity.



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Our financial position and results of operations are materially affected by the overall trends and conditions of the financial markets, particularly in the United States, but increasingly in the other countries in which we operate. Results of any individual period should not be considered representative of future results. Our profitability is sensitive to a variety of factors, including the amount and composition of our assets under management, and the volatility and general level of securities prices and interest rates, among other things. Sustained periods of unfavorable market conditions are likely to affect our profitability adversely. In addition, the diversification of services and products offered, investment performance, access to distribution channels, reputation in the market, attracting and retaining key employees and client relations are significant factors in determining whether we are successful in attracting and retaining clients. The economic downturn of the past year contributed to a significant contraction in our business.

The financial services business in which we are engaged is extremely competitive. Our competition includes numerous global, national, regional and local asset management firms, broker-dealers and commercial banks. The industry has been dramatically impacted by the economic downturn of the past year, and in prior years by the consolidation of financial services firms through mergers and acquisitions. During the fiscal years ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, the fixed income markets have endured substantial turmoil. One effect of this turmoil was that liquidity in the markets for many types of asset backed commercial paper and medium term notes issued by structured investment vehicles (“SIVs”) became substantially reduced. As a result, and to protect our clients, we entered into several arrangements during fiscal 2008 and 2009 to provide support to liquidity funds that are managed by a subsidiary that had invested in SIV securities.

The industry in which we operate is also subject to extensive regulation under federal, state, and foreign laws. Like most firms, we have been impacted by the regulatory and legislative changes. Responding to these changes has required us to incur costs that continue to impact our profitability.

All references to fiscal 2009, 2008 or 2007 refer to our fiscal year ended March 31 of that year. Terms such as “we,” “us,” “our,” and “company” refer to Legg Mason.

This excerpt taken from the LM 10-K filed May 29, 2009.

EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

Legg Mason, Inc., a holding company, with its subsidiaries (which collectively comprise "Legg Mason") is a global asset management firm. Acting through our subsidiaries, we provide investment management and related services to institutional and individual clients, company-sponsored mutual funds and other investment vehicles. We offer these products and services directly and through various financial intermediaries. We have operations principally in the United States of America and the United Kingdom and also have offices in Australia, Bahamas, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Dubai, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Poland, Singapore, Spain and Taiwan.

We operate in one reportable business segment, Asset Management. In connection with changes to our executive management during fiscal 2009 and a desire to expand multi-channel distribution capabilities and to better align our resources to access new growth opportunities, we realigned our management responsibilities. As a result, we now manage our business in two divisions or operating segments, Americas and International, which are primarily based on the geographic location of the advisor or the domicile of fund families we manage. Our division managers report directly to our Chief Executive Officer. The Americas Division consists of our U.S.-domiciled fund families, the separate account businesses of our U.S.-based investment affiliates and the domestic distribution organization. Similarly, the International Division consists of our fund complexes, distribution teams and investment affiliates located outside the U.S. We believe this structure will provide greater focus and allow us to maximize distribution efforts and more efficiently take advantage of growth opportunities locally and abroad. Presentation of all previously reported amounts have been conformed to the new management structure.

Our operating revenues primarily consist of investment advisory fees, from separate accounts and funds, and distribution and service fees. Investment advisory fees are generally calculated as a percentage of the assets of the investment portfolios that we manage. In addition, performance fees may be earned under certain investment advisory contracts for exceeding performance benchmarks. Distribution and service fees are fees received for distributing investment products and services or for providing other support services to investment portfolios, and are generally calculated as a percentage of the assets in an investment portfolio or as a percentage of new assets added to an investment portfolio. Our revenues, therefore, are dependent upon the level of our assets under management, and thus are affected by factors such as securities market conditions, our ability to attract and maintain assets under management and key investment personnel, and investment performance. Our assets under management primarily vary from period to period due to inflows and outflows of client assets and market performance. Client decisions to increase or decrease their assets under our management, and decisions by potential clients to utilize our services, may be based on one or more of a number of factors. These factors include our reputation in the marketplace, the investment performance, both absolute and relative to benchmarks or competitive products, of our products and services, the client or potential client's situation, including investment objectives, liquidity needs, investment horizon and amount of assets managed, our relationships with distributors and the external economic environment, including market conditions.

The fees that we charge for our investment services vary based upon factors such as the type of underlying investment product, the amount of assets under management, and the type of services (and investment objectives) that are provided. Fees charged for equity asset management services are generally higher than fees charged for fixed income and liquidity asset management services. Accordingly, our revenues will be affected by the composition of our assets under management. In addition, in the ordinary course of our business, we may reduce or waive investment management fees, or limit total expenses, on certain products or services for particular time periods to manage fund expenses, or for other reasons, and to help retain or increase managed assets. Under revenue sharing agreements, certain of our subsidiaries retain different percentages of revenues to cover their costs, including compensation. As such, our net income, profit margin and compensation as a percentage of operating revenues are impacted based on which subsidiaries generate our revenues, and a change in assets under management at one subsidiary can have a dramatically different effect on our revenues and earnings than an equal change at another subsidiary.

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The most significant component of our cost structure is employee compensation and benefits, of which a majority is variable in nature and includes incentive compensation that is primarily based upon revenue levels and profits. The next largest component of our cost structure is distribution and servicing fees, which are primarily fees paid to third party distributors for selling our asset management products and services and are largely variable in nature. Certain other operating costs are fixed in nature, such as occupancy, depreciation and amortization, and fixed contract commitments for market data, communication and technology services, and usually do not decline with reduced levels of business activity or, conversely, usually do not rise proportionately with increased business activity.

Our financial position and results of operations are materially affected by the overall trends and conditions of the financial markets, particularly in the United States, but increasingly in the other countries in which we operate. Results of any individual period should not be considered representative of future results. Our profitability is sensitive to a variety of factors, including the amount and composition of our assets under management, and the volatility and general level of securities prices and interest rates, among other things. Sustained periods of unfavorable market conditions are likely to affect our profitability adversely. In addition, the diversification of services and products offered, investment performance, access to distribution channels, reputation in the market, attracting and retaining key employees and client relations are significant factors in determining whether we are successful in attracting and retaining clients. The economic downturn of the past year contributed to a significant contraction in our business.

The financial services business in which we are engaged is extremely competitive. Our competition includes numerous global, national, regional and local asset management firms, broker-dealers and commercial banks. The industry has been dramatically impacted by the economic downturn of the past year, and in prior years by the consolidation of financial services firms through mergers and acquisitions. During the fiscal years ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, the fixed income markets have endured substantial turmoil. One effect of this turmoil was that liquidity in the markets for many types of asset backed commercial paper and medium term notes issued by structured investment vehicles ("SIVs") became substantially reduced. As a result, and to protect our clients, we entered into several arrangements during fiscal 2008 and 2009 to provide support to liquidity funds that are managed by a subsidiary that had invested in SIV securities.

The industry in which we operate is also subject to extensive regulation under federal, state, and foreign laws. Like most firms, we have been impacted by the regulatory and legislative changes. Responding to these changes has required us to incur costs that continue to impact our profitability.

All references to fiscal 2009, 2008 or 2007 refer to our fiscal year ended March 31 of that year. Terms such as "we," "us," "our," and "company" refer to Legg Mason.

This excerpt taken from the LM 10-K filed May 29, 2008.

EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

Legg Mason, Inc., a holding company, with its subsidiaries (which collectively comprise “Legg Mason”) is a global asset management firm. Acting through our subsidiaries, we provide investment management and related services to institutional and individual clients, company-sponsored mutual funds and other investment vehicles. We offer these products and services directly and through various financial intermediaries. We have operations principally in the United States of America and the United Kingdom and also have offices in Australia, Bahamas, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Dubai, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Poland, Singapore, Spain and Taiwan.

We operate in one reportable business segment, Asset Management, with three divisions: Managed Investments, Institutional, and Wealth Management. Managed Investments is primarily engaged in providing investment advisory services to proprietary investment funds or to retail separately managed account programs. Institutional focuses on providing asset management services to institutional clients. Wealth Management is primarily focused on providing asset management services to high net worth individuals and families and endowments and includes our funds-of-hedge funds business. See Note 19 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the aggregation of operating segments for financial reporting purposes.

Our operating revenues primarily consist of investment advisory fees, from separate accounts and funds, and distribution and service fees. Investment advisory fees are generally calculated as a percentage of the assets of the investment portfolios that we manage. In addition, performance fees may be earned under certain investment advisory contracts for exceeding performance benchmarks. Distribution and service fees are fees received for distributing investment products and services or for providing other support services to investment portfolios, and are generally calculated as a percentage of the assets in an investment portfolio or as a percentage of new assets added to an investment portfolio. Our revenues, therefore, are dependent upon the level of our assets under management, and thus are affected by factors such as securities market conditions, our ability to attract and maintain assets under management and key investment personnel, and investment performance. The fees that we charge for our investment services vary based upon factors such as the type of underlying investment product, the amount of assets under management, and the type of services (and investment objectives) that are provided. Fees charged for equity asset management services are generally higher than fees charged for fixed income and liquidity asset management services. Accordingly, our revenues will be affected by the composition of our assets under management. In addition, in the ordinary course of our business, we may reduce or waive investment management fees, or limit total expenses, on certain products or services for particular time periods to manage fund expenses, or for other reasons, and to help retain or increase managed assets. Under revenue sharing agreements, our subsidiaries retain different percentages of revenues to cover their costs, including compensation. As such, our net income, profit margin and compensation as a percentage of operating revenues are impacted based on which subsidiaries generate our revenues, and a change in assets under management at one subsidiary can have a dramatically different effect on our revenues and earnings than an equal change at another subsidiary.

The most significant component of our cost structure is employee compensation and benefits, of which a majority is variable in nature and includes incentive compensation that is primarily based upon revenue levels and profits. The next largest component of our cost structure is distribution and servicing fees, which are primarily fees paid to third party distributors for selling our asset management products and services and are largely variable in nature. Certain other operating costs are fixed in nature, such as occupancy, depreciation and amortization, and fixed contract commitments for market data, communication and technology services, and usually do not decline with reduced levels of business activity or, conversely, usually do not rise proportionately with increased business activity.

 

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Our financial position and results of operations are materially affected by the overall trends and conditions of the financial markets, particularly in the United States, but increasingly in the other countries in which we operate. Results of any individual period should not be considered representative of future results. Our profitability is sensitive to a variety of factors, including the amount and composition of our assets under management, and the volatility and general level of securities prices and interest rates, among other things. Sustained periods of unfavorable market conditions are likely to affect our profitability adversely. In addition, the diversification of services and products offered, investment performance, access to distribution channels, reputation in the market, attracting and retaining key employees and client relations are significant factors in determining whether we are successful in attracting and retaining clients. In the past decade, we have experienced substantial expansion due to internal growth and the strategic acquisition of asset management firms that provided, among other things, a broader range of investment expertise, additional product diversification and increased assets under management.

The financial services business in which we are engaged is extremely competitive. Our competition includes numerous global, national, regional and local asset management firms, broker-dealers and commercial banks. The industry has been affected by the consolidation of financial services firms through mergers and acquisitions. The industry in which we operate is also subject to extensive regulation under federal, state, and foreign laws. Like most firms, we have been impacted by the regulatory and legislative changes in the post-Enron era. Responding to these changes has required us to incur costs that continue to impact our profitability.

During much of fiscal 2008, and continuing thereafter, the fixed income markets have endured substantial turmoil. One effect of this turmoil was that liquidity in the markets for many types of asset backed commercial paper and medium term notes issued by structured investment vehicles (“SIVs”) became substantially reduced. As a result, we entered into several transactions during the fiscal year to provide support to liquidity funds that are managed by our asset managers that had invested in SIV-issued securities. These transactions resulted in aggregate charges during fiscal year 2008 of $608.3 million ($313.7 million, net of income taxes and compensation related adjustments).

On December 1, 2005, we completed a strategic acquisition to become a pure asset management company in which we transferred our Private Client and Capital Markets businesses (“PC/CM”) to Citigroup Inc. (“Citigroup”) as a portion of the consideration in exchange for substantially all of Citigroup’s asset management business (“CAM”). Prior to the closing of this transaction, we reported the PC/CM businesses as separate business segments. However, both businesses are now included in discontinued operations for fiscal 2006 as described below. Effective November 1, 2005, we also purchased Permal Group Ltd (“Permal”), a leading global funds-of-hedge funds manager, to expand our global asset management business. See Notes 2 and 3 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information related to the transaction with Citigroup and the acquisition of Permal.

As a result of the sale of our PC/CM businesses to Citigroup, distribution fees earned on company-sponsored investment funds are reported in continuing operations as distribution fee revenue, of which a substantial portion is passed through to third parties, including parties that were related prior to the sale, as distribution and servicing expense. All periods presented reflect this change.

Discontinued Operations

As a result of the sale of the PC/CM businesses in fiscal 2006, the results of the Private Client and Capital Markets segments are reflected in discontinued operations.

Private Client distributed a wide range of financial products through its branch distribution network, including equity and fixed income securities, proprietary and non-affiliated mutual funds and annuities. The primary sources of net revenues for Private Client were

 

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commissions and principal credits earned on equity and fixed income transactions in customer brokerage accounts, distribution fees earned from mutual funds, fee-based account fees and net interest from customers’ margin loan and credit account balances. Sales credits associated with underwritten offerings initiated in the Capital Markets segment were reported in Private Client when sold through its branch distribution network.

Capital Markets consisted of our equity and fixed income institutional sales and trading and corporate and public finance. The primary sources of revenue for equity and fixed income institutional sales and trading included commissions and principal credits on transactions in both corporate and municipal products. We maintained proprietary fixed income and equity securities inventories primarily to facilitate customer transactions and as a result recognized trading profits and losses from our trading activities. Corporate finance revenues included underwriting fees and advisory fees from private placements and mergers and acquisitions. Sales credits associated with underwritten offerings were reported in Capital Markets when sold through institutional distribution channels. The results of this business segment also included realized and unrealized gains and losses on investments acquired in connection with merchant and investment banking activities.

All references to fiscal 2008, 2007 or 2006 refer to our fiscal year ended March 31 of that year. Terms such as “we,” “us,” “our,” and “company” refer to Legg Mason.

 

This excerpt taken from the LM 10-K filed May 30, 2007.

EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

Legg Mason, Inc., a holding company, with its subsidiaries (which collectively comprise “Legg Mason”) is a global asset management firm. Acting through our subsidiaries, we provide investment management and related services to institutional and individual clients, company-sponsored mutual funds and other investment vehicles. We offer these products and services directly and through various financial intermediaries. We have operations principally in the United States of America and the United Kingdom and also have offices in Australia, Bahamas, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Dubai, France, Germany, Japan, Luxembourg, Poland, Singapore, Spain and Taiwan.

On December 1, 2005, we completed a strategic acquisition to become a pure asset management company in which we transferred our Private Client and Capital Markets businesses (“PC/CM”) to Citigroup Inc. (“Citigroup”) as a portion of the consideration in exchange for substantially all of Citigroup’s asset management business (“CAM”). Prior to the closing of this transaction, we reported the PC/CM businesses as separate business segments; however, both businesses are now included in discontinued operations for all periods presented. Effective November 1, 2005, we also purchased Permal Group Ltd (“Permal”), a leading global funds-of-hedge funds manager, to expand our global asset management business. See Notes 2 and 3 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information related to the transaction with Citigroup and the acquisition of Permal.

As a result of the sale of our PC/CM businesses to Citigroup, the portion of parent company interest income and expense and general corporate overhead costs that was previously allocated to these businesses is now included in our continuing operations. In addition, distribution fees earned on company-sponsored investment funds are reported in continuing operations as distribution fee revenue, of which a substantial portion is passed through to third parties, including parties that were related prior to the sale, as distribution and servicing expense. All periods presented have been restated to reflect these changes.

 

We now operate in one reportable business segment, Asset Management, with three divisions: Managed Investments, Institutional, and Wealth Management. Managed Investments is primarily engaged in providing investment advisory services to proprietary investment funds or to retail separately managed account programs. Institutional focuses on providing asset management services to institutional clients. Wealth Management is primarily focused on providing asset management services to high net worth individuals and families and endowments and includes our funds-of-hedge funds business. See Note 18 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the aggregation of operating segments for financial reporting purposes.

Our operating revenues primarily consist of investment advisory fees, from separate accounts and funds, and distribution and service fees. Investment advisory fees are generally calculated as a percentage of the assets of the investment portfolios that we manage. In addition, performance fees may be earned under certain investment advisory contracts for exceeding performance benchmarks. Distribution and service fees are fees received for distributing investment products and services or for providing other support services to investment portfolios, and are generally calculated as a percentage of the assets in an investment portfolio or a percentage of new assets added to an investment portfolio. Our revenues, therefore, are dependent upon the level of our assets under management, and thus are affected by factors such as securities market conditions, our ability to attract and maintain assets under management and key investment personnel, and investment performance. The fees that we charge for our investment services vary based upon factors such as the type of underlying investment product, the amount of assets under management, and the type of services (and investment objectives) that are provided. Fees charged for equity asset management services are generally higher than fees charged for fixed income and liquidity asset management services. Accordingly, our revenues will be affected by the composition of our assets under management. In addition, under revenue sharing agreements, our subsidiaries retain different percentages of revenues to cover their costs, including compensation.

 

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As such, our net income, profit margin and compensation as a percentage of operating revenues are impacted based on which subsidiaries generate our revenues, and a change in assets under management at one subsidiary can have a dramatically different effect on our revenues and earnings than an equal change at another subsidiary.

The most significant component of our cost structure is employee compensation and benefits, of which a majority is variable in nature and includes incentive compensation that is primarily based upon revenue levels and profits. The next largest component of our cost structure is distribution and servicing fees, which are primarily fees paid to third party distributors for selling our asset management products and services and are largely variable in nature. Certain other operating costs are fixed in nature, such as occupancy, depreciation and amortization, and fixed contract commitments for market data, communication and technology services, and usually do not decline with reduced levels of business activity or, conversely, usually do not rise proportionately with increased business activity.

Our financial position and results of operations are materially affected by the overall trends and conditions of the financial markets, particularly in the United States, but increasingly in the other countries in which we operate. Results of any individual period should not be considered representative of future results. Our profitability is sensitive to a variety of factors, including the amount and composition of our assets under management, and the volatility and general level of securities prices and interest rates, among other things. Sustained periods of unfavorable market conditions are likely to affect our profitability adversely. In addition, the diversification of services and products offered, investment performance, access to distribution channels, reputation in the market, attracting and retaining key employees and client relations are significant factors in determining whether we are successful in attracting and retaining clients. In the past decade, we have experienced substantial expansion due to internal growth and the strategic acquisition of asset management firms that provided, among other things, a broader range of investment expertise, additional product diversification and increased assets under management.

The financial services business in which we are engaged is extremely competitive. Our competition includes numerous global, national, regional and local asset management firms, broker-dealers and commercial banks. The industry has been affected by the consolidation of financial services firms through mergers and acquisitions. The industry in which we operate is also subject to extensive regulation under federal, state, and foreign laws. Like most firms, we have been impacted by the regulatory and legislative changes in the post-Enron era. In addition, the financial services industry has been the subject of a number of regulatory proceedings and requirements over the last few years, including proceedings regarding a number of mutual funds sales practices. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act continues to require us to review existing policies with respect to corporate governance, auditor independence and internal controls over financial reporting. Responding to these changes has required us to incur costs that continue to impact our profitability.

Discontinued Operations

As a result of the sale of the PC/CM businesses in fiscal 2006, the results of Private Client and Capital Markets segments are reflected in discontinued operations.

Private Client distributed a wide range of financial products through its branch distribution network, including equity and fixed income securities, proprietary and non-affiliated mutual funds and annuities. The primary sources of net revenues for Private Client were commissions and principal credits earned on equity and fixed income transactions in customer brokerage accounts, distribution fees earned from mutual funds, fee-based account fees and net interest from customers’ margin loan and credit account balances. Sales credits associated with underwritten offerings initiated in the Capital Markets segment were reported in Private Client when sold through its branch distribution network.

Capital Markets consisted of our equity and fixed income institutional sales and trading and corporate and

 

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public finance. The primary sources of revenue for equity and fixed income institutional sales and trading included commissions and principal credits on transactions in both corporate and municipal products. We maintained proprietary fixed income and equity securities inventories primarily to facilitate customer transactions and as a result recognized trading profits and losses from our trading activities. Corporate finance revenues included underwriting fees and advisory fees from private placements and mergers and acquisitions. Sales credits associated with underwritten offerings were reported in Capital Markets when sold through institutional distribution channels. The results of this business segment also included realized and unrealized gains and losses on investments acquired in connection with merchant and investment banking activities.

All references to fiscal 2007, 2006 or 2005 refer to our fiscal year ended March 31 of that year. Terms such as “we,” “us,” “our,” and “company” refer to Legg Mason.

 

(1) Dow Jones Industrial Average is a trademark of Dow Jones & Company, which is not affiliated with Legg Mason.
(2) Nasdaq is a trademark of the Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc., which is not affiliated with Legg Mason.
(3) S&P is a trademark of Standard & Poor’s, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., which is not affiliated with Legg Mason.

 

This excerpt taken from the LM 10-K filed Jun 9, 2006.

EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

Legg Mason, Inc., a holding company, with its subsidiaries (which collectively comprise “Legg Mason”) is a global asset management firm. Acting through our subsidiaries, we provide investment management and related services to institutional and individual clients, company-sponsored mutual funds and other investment vehicles. We offer these products and services directly and through various financial intermediaries. We have operations principally in the United States of America and the United Kingdom but also have offices in Australia, Bahamas, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Dubai, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, Luxembourg, Poland, Puerto Rico, Singapore, Spain and Taiwan.

On December 1, 2005, we completed a strategic acquisition to become a pure asset management company in which we transferred our Private Client and Capital Markets businesses (“PC/CM”) to Citigroup Inc. (“Citigroup”) as a portion of the consideration in exchange for substantially all of Citigroup’s asset management business (“CAM”). Prior to the closing of this transaction, we reported the PC/CM businesses as separate operating segments; however, both businesses are now included in discontinued operations for all periods presented. Effective November 1, 2005, we also purchased Permal Group Ltd (“Permal”), a leading global funds-of-hedge funds manager, to expand our global asset management business. Following the consummation of the CAM and Permal acquisitions and the sale of the PC/CM businesses, we are in the process of reorganizing and assimilating the acquired businesses. Upon the substantial completion of these integration and organizational undertakings, we will assess the appropriate managerial and reporting structures for our business. Until such time, we are managing our continuing operations as a comprehensive Asset Management business with three divisions: Mutual Funds/ Managed Services, Institutional and Wealth Management. See Notes 2 and 3 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information related to the transaction with Citigroup and the acquisition of Permal.

As a result of the sale of our PC/CM businesses to Citigroup, the portion of parent company interest income and expense and general corporate overhead costs that was previously allocated to these businesses is now included in our continuing operations. In addition, distribution fees earned on company-sponsored investment funds are reported in continuing operations as distribution fee revenue, of which a substantial portion is passed through to third parties, including parties that were related prior to the sale, as distribution and servicing expense. All periods presented have been restated to reflect these changes.

Our operating revenues primarily consist of investment advisory fees from separate accounts and funds and distribution and service fees. Investment advisory fees are generally calculated as a percentage of the assets of the investment portfolios that we manage. In addition, performance fees may be earned under certain investment advisory contracts for exceeding performance benchmarks. Distribution and service fees are fees received for distributing investment products and services or for providing other support services to investment portfolios, and are generally calculated as a percentage of the assets in an investment portfolio or a percentage of new assets added to an investment portfolio. Our revenues, therefore, are dependent upon the level of our assets under management, and thus are affected by factors such as securities market conditions, the ability to attract and maintain assets under management and key investment personnel, and investment performance. The rates that we charge for our investment services vary based upon factors such as the type of underlying investment product, the amount of assets under management, and the type of services (and investment objectives) that are provided. Rates charged for equity asset management services are generally higher than rates charged for fixed income asset management services. Accordingly, our revenues will be affected by the composition of our assets under management.

The most significant component of our cost structure is employee compensation and benefits, of which a majority is variable in nature and includes incentive compensation that is primarily based upon revenue levels and profits. The next largest component of our cost structure is distribution and servicing fees, which

 

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are primarily fees paid to third party distributors for selling our asset management products and services and are largely variable in nature. A majority of our distribution and service fee revenue is passed through to third parties as a distribution and servicing expense. Certain other operating costs are fixed in nature, such as occupancy, depreciation and amortization, and fixed contract commitments for market data, communication and technology services, and usually do not decline with reduced levels of business activity or, conversely, usually do not rise proportionately with increased business activity.

Our financial position and results of operations are materially affected by the overall trends and conditions of the financial markets, particularly in the United States, but increasingly in the other countries in which we operate. Results of any individual period should not be considered representative of future results. Our profitability is sensitive to a variety of factors, including the amount and composition of our assets under management, and the volatility and general level of securities prices and interest rates, among other things. Sustained periods of unfavorable market conditions are likely to affect our profitability adversely. In addition, the diversification of services and products offered, investment performance, access to distribution channels, reputation in the market, attracting and retaining key employees and client relations are significant factors in determining whether we are successful in attracting and retaining clients. In the past decade, we have experienced substantial expansion due to internal growth and the strategic acquisition of asset management firms that provided, among other things, a broader range of investment expertise, additional product diversification and increased assets under management.

The financial services business in which we are engaged is extremely competitive. Our competition includes numerous national, regional and local asset management firms and broker-dealers and commercial banks. The industry has been affected by the consolidation of financial services firms through mergers and acquisitions. The industry in which we operate is also subject to extensive regulation under federal, state, and foreign laws. Like most firms, we have been impacted by the regulatory and legislative changes in the post-Enron era. In addition, the financial services industry has been the subject of a number of regulatory proceedings and requirements over the last few years, including proceedings regarding a number of mutual funds sales practices. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act continues to require us to implement new policies or review existing policies with respect to corporate governance, auditor independence and internal controls over financial reporting. This had a significant impact for fiscal 2006 as a result of the acquisitions of CAM and Permal. Responding to these changes has required us to add employees and incur costs that have impacted our profitability.

Discontinued Operations

As a result of the sale of the PC/CM businesses, the Private Client and Capital Markets segments are reflected in discontinued operations.

Private Client distributed a wide range of financial products through its branch distribution network, including equity and fixed income securities, proprietary and non-affiliated mutual funds and annuities. The primary sources of net revenues for Private Client were commissions and principal credits earned on equity and fixed income transactions in customer brokerage accounts, distribution fees earned from mutual funds, fee-based account fees and net interest from customers’ margin loan and credit account balances. Sales credits associated with underwritten offerings initiated in the Capital Markets segment were reported in Private Client when sold through its branch distribution network.

Capital Markets consisted of our equity and fixed income institutional sales and trading and corporate and public finance investment banking. The primary sources of revenue for equity and fixed income institutional sales and trading included commissions and principal credits on transactions in both corporate and municipal products. We maintained proprietary fixed income and equity securities inventory primarily to facilitate customer transactions and as a result recognized trading profits and losses from our proprietary trading activities.

 

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Investment banking revenues included underwriting fees and advisory fees from private placements and mergers and acquisitions. Sales credits associated with underwritten offerings were reported in Capital Markets when sold through institutional distribution channels. The results of this business segment also included realized and unrealized gains and losses on investments acquired in connection with merchant and investment banking activities.

All references to fiscal 2006, 2005 or 2004 refer to our fiscal year ended March 31 of that year. Terms such as “we,” “us,” “our,” and “company” refer to Legg Mason.

This excerpt taken from the LM 8-K filed Dec 7, 2005.

Executive Overview

Legg Mason, Inc. (the “Parent”), a holding company, and its subsidiaries (collectively with the Parent, “Legg Mason”) are principally engaged in providing asset management, securities brokerage, investment banking and related financial services to individuals, institutions, corporations and municipalities. We have operations principally in the United States of America, the United Kingdom and Canada and also have offices in Spain, Switzerland and Singapore. Terms such as “we,” “us,” “our” and “company” refer to Legg Mason.

We currently operate in the following business segments: Asset Management, Private Client and Capital Markets.  In September 2003, we sold the mortgage banking and servicing operation of Legg Mason Real Estate Services, Inc. (“LMRES”), which had been previously reported in a fourth segment: Other.  Consolidated results for periods prior to the sale have been restated to reflect the historical results of the sold business as discontinued operations and the remaining operations of LMRES in Capital Markets.  In addition, as a result of the Citigroup, Inc. (“Citigroup”) transaction, which was entered into on June 23, 2005 and consummated on December 1, 2005, we sold our Private Client and Capital Markets (“PC/CM”) businesses, as a portion of the consideration in exchange for Citigroup’s asset management business.  Consequently, the results of operations of the Private Client and Capital Markets segments are reflected in discontinued operations.  Continuing operations reflects the results of our Asset Management segment, which will be our sole line of business following the completion of the transaction.  The corporate revenues and expenses that are not allocated to the business segments are reported separately as Corporate. Business segment classifications are based upon factors such as the services provided and distribution channels utilized. Certain services that we offer are provided to clients through more than one of our business segments. We allocate certain common income and expense items among our business segments based upon various methodologies and factors. These methodologies are by their nature subjective and are reviewed periodically by management. Business segment results may reflect reallocations of revenues and expenses that result from changes in methodologies, but any reallocations will have no effect on our consolidated results of operations.  

As a result of discontinued operations, Parent company interest income and expense and certain general corporate overhead costs, previously allocated to all segments, are now included in Corporate as continuing operations.  Distribution fees earned on company-sponsored investment funds are now reported in Asset Management as gross distribution fee revenue with a corresponding distribution expense reflective of Legg Mason’s continuing role as funds’ distributor.  All periods presented have been revised to reflect these changes.  There were no other material changes during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2005.   

 Asset Management provides investment advisory services to institutional and individual clients and to company-sponsored investment funds. The primary sources of revenue in Asset Management are investment advisory, distribution and administrative fees, which typically are calculated as a percentage of the assets in the account and vary based upon factors such as the type of underlying investment product, the amount of assets under management and the type of services that are provided. In addition, performance fees may be earned on certain investment advisory contracts for exceeding performance benchmarks.  Distribution fees on company-sponsored investment funds are included in the Asset Management segment.  Revenues from Asset Management tend to be more stable than those from Private Client and Capital Markets because they are less affected by changes in securities market conditions.

Private Client distributes a wide range of financial products through its branch distribution network, including equity and fixed income securities, proprietary and non-affiliated mutual funds and annuities. The primary sources of net revenues for Private Client are commissions and principal credits earned on equity and fixed income transactions in customer brokerage accounts, distribution fees earned from mutual funds, fee-based account fees and net interest from customers’ margin loan and credit account balances. Sales credits associated with underwritten offerings initiated in the Capital Markets segment are reported in Private Client when sold through its branch distribution network.

Capital Markets consists of our equity and fixed income institutional sales and trading and corporate and public finance investment banking. The primary sources of revenue for equity and fixed income institutional sales and trading include commissions and principal credits on transactions in both corporate and municipal products. We maintain proprietary fixed income and equity securities inventory primarily to facilitate customer transactions and as a result recognize trading profits and losses from our proprietary trading activities. Investment banking revenues include underwriting fees and advisory fees from private placements and mergers and acquisitions. Sales credits associated with underwritten offerings are reported in Capital Markets when sold through institutional distribution channels. The results of this business segment also include realized and unrealized gains and losses on investments acquired in connection with merchant and investment banking activities.

The most significant component of our cost structure is employee compensation and benefits, of which a majority is variable in nature and includes sales commissions that are based upon certain revenues and incentive bonuses that are primarily based upon production levels and/or profitability. Certain other operating costs are fixed in nature, such as occupancy, depreciation and amortization, equipment leasing and fixed contract commitments for market data, communication and technology services, and may not decline with reduced levels of business activity or, conversely, may not rise proportionately with increased business activity.

Our financial position and results of operations are materially affected by the overall trends and conditions of the financial markets, particularly in the United States. Results of any individual period should not be considered representative of future



2



Exhibit 99





results. Our profitability is sensitive to a variety of factors, including the amount and composition of our assets under management, the volume of trading in securities, the volatility and general level of securities prices and interest rates, the level of customer margin and credit account balances and the demand for investment banking services, among other things. Sustained periods of unfavorable market conditions are likely to affect our profitability adversely. In addition, the diversification of services and products offered, investment performance, access to distribution channels, reputation in the market, attracting and retaining key employees and client relations are significant factors in determining whether we are successful in attracting and retaining clients. In the past decade, we have experienced substantial expansion due to internal growth and the strategic acquisition of asset management firms that provided, among other things, a broader range of investment expertise, additional product diversification and increased assets under management.

The financial services businesses in which we are engaged are extremely competitive. Our competition includes numerous national, regional and local asset management firms and broker-dealers and commercial banks. The industry has been affected by the consolidation of financial services firms through mergers or acquisitions. The increasing competitive pressures may require us to offer our customers many of the services provided by much larger firms. The industry in which we operate is also subject to extensive regulation under federal and state laws and by securities exchanges and other self-regulatory authorities. Like most firms, we have been impacted by the regulatory and legislative changes in the post-Enron era. In addition, the financial services industry has been the subject of a number of regulatory proceedings and requirements over the last three years, including changes in the relationships of research analysts and investment banking and proceedings regarding a number of mutual funds sales practices. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has required us to implement new policies or review existing policies with respect to corporate governance, auditor independence and internal controls over financial reporting. In addition, various regulatory organizations adopted changes to their rules and policies in response to certain abuses and corporate scandals. Responding to these changes has required us to add employees and incur costs that have impacted our profitability.

All references to fiscal 2005, 2004 or 2003 refer to our fiscal year ended March 31 of that year.

 

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