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Manpower 10-K 2010 Documents found in this filing:
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009
OR
Commission File No. 1-10686
MANPOWER INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (414) 961-1000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for
the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): Large
accelerated filer x Accelerated filer ¨ Non-accelerated filer ¨ Smaller reporting company ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by nonaffiliates of the registrant was $3,317,445,824 as of June 30, 2009. As of February 16, 2010, there were 78,667,931 of the registrant’s shares of common stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Parts I and II incorporate information by reference from the Annual Report to Shareholders for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009. Part III is incorporated by reference from the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on April 27, 2010.
PART I
The terms “Manpower,” “we,” “our,” “us,” or “the Company” refer to Manpower Inc. or Manpower Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, as appropriate in the context.
Introduction and History
Manpower Inc. is a world leader in the employment services industry. Our global network of nearly 4,000 offices in 82 countries and territories allows us to meet the needs of our clients in all industry segments, whether they are global, multinational or local companies. By offering a complete range of services, we can help any company –
no matter where they are in their business evolution – raise productivity through improved strategy, quality, efficiency and cost reduction across their total workforce.
Manpower Inc.’s five major brands – Manpower, Manpower Professional, Elan, Jefferson Wells and Right Management – provide a comprehensive range of services for the entire employment and business cycle including:
This comprehensive and diverse business mix allows us to mitigate the cyclical effects of the national economies in which we operate.
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Our leadership position also allows us to be a center for quality employment opportunities for people at all points in their career paths. In 2009, we found permanent and temporary jobs for three million people who work to help our more than 400,000 clients meet their business objectives. Seasoned professionals, skilled laborers, mothers
returning to work, elderly persons wanting to supplement pensions and disabled individuals – all turn to the Manpower group of companies for employment. Similarly, governments of the nations in which we operate look to us to help reduce unemployment and train the unemployed with skills they need to enter the workforce. In this way, our Company is a bridge to permanent employment for those who desire it.
We, and our predecessors, have been in business since 1948, with shares listed on the New York Stock Exchange since 1967.
Our Internet address is www.manpower.com. We make available through our Internet website our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as soon as reasonably practicable after
we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission. In addition, we also make available through our Internet website:
Documents available on the website are also available in print for any shareholder who requests them. Requests may be made by writing to Mr. Kenneth C. Hunt, Secretary, Manpower Inc., 100 Manpower Place, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212. We are not including the information contained on or available through our website as a part of, or
incorporating such information by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Our Operations
Americas
In the Americas, our operations under the Manpower and Manpower Professional brands are carried out through both branch and franchise offices. The total Americas segment had 808 branch and 220 franchise offices. In the U.S., where we earned 62% of the Americas’ revenue, we had 530 branch and 205 stand-alone franchise offices
as of December 31, 2009, as well as on-site locations at clients with significant permanent, temporary and contract recruitment requirements. In Mexico and Central America, we had 92 branch offices and in the South American Region, we had 151 branch and 9 franchise offices. We provide a number of central support services to our branches and franchises, which enable us to maintain consistent service quality throughout the region regardless of whether an office is a branch or franchise. In the U.S.,
we provide client invoicing and payroll processing of our contingent workers for all branch offices and some of our franchise offices through our Milwaukee headquarters.
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Our franchise agreements provide the franchisee with the right to use the Manpower® or Manpower Professional® service mark and associated marks in a specifically defined exclusive
territory. In the United States, franchise fees range from 2-3% of franchise sales. Our franchise agreements provide that in the event of a proposed sale of a franchise to a third party, we have the right to repurchase the franchise at the same price and on the same terms as proposed by the third party. We exercise this right and intend to continue to do so in the future if opportunities arise with appropriate prices and terms.
In the Americas, our Manpower operations provide a variety of employment services, including permanent, temporary and contract recruitment, assessment and selection, training, managed service solutions and outsourcing. During 2009 in this segment, approximately 41% of temporary and contract recruitment revenues were derived from placing office
staff, 41% from placing industrial staff and 18% from placing professional and technical staff. For our U.S. operations in 2009, approximately 29% of the temporary and contract recruitment revenues were derived from placing office staff, 51% from placing industrial staff and 20% from placing professional and technical staff.
We also conduct business in the Americas under our Jefferson Wells and Right Management brands. These operations are discussed further in the following sections.
France
We are a leading employment service provider in France, operating under the Manpower and Manpower Professional brands. We conduct our operations in France and the surrounding region through 855 branch offices under the name of Manpower and 98 branch offices under the name Supplay.
The employment services market in France calls for a wide range of our services including permanent, temporary and contract recruitment, assessment and selection, and training. The temporary recruitment market is predominately focused on recruitment for industrial positions. In 2009, we derived approximately 62% of our temporary recruitment
revenues in France from the supply of industrial staff, 21% from the supply of construction workers and 17% from the supply of office staff.
We also conduct business in France under our Jefferson Wells, Elan and Right Management brands. These operations are discussed further in the following sections.
EMEA (Europe, Middle East and Africa excluding France)
We are a leading provider of permanent, temporary and contract recruitment, assessment and selection, training and outsourcing services throughout Europe, the Middle East and Africa. Our largest operations are in Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. Collectively, we operate through 1,437 branch offices
and 50 franchise offices in this region. Our franchise offices are located in Switzerland, where we own 49% of the franchise.
Manpower Italy, the largest operation in the EMEA segment, comprising 15% of EMEA revenues, is a leading employment services provider. As of December 31, 2009, Manpower Italy conducted operations under the Manpower and Manpower Professional brands through a network of 304 branch offices. It provides a comprehensive line of employment services
including permanent, temporary and contract recruitment, assessment and selection, training and outsourcing. In 2009, approximately 5% of our temporary and contract recruitment revenues in Italy were derived from placing office staff, including contract center staff, 63% from placing industrial staff and 32% from placing professional and technical staff.
The second largest operation in this segment is Manpower U.K., comprising 11% of EMEA revenues. Manpower U.K. is a leading provider of employment services in the United Kingdom. As of December 31, 2009, Manpower U.K. conducted operations in the United Kingdom under the Manpower and Manpower Professional brands through a network
of 107 branch offices and also provided on-site services to clients who have significant permanent, temporary and contract recruitment requirements. During 2009, approximately 70% of Manpower U.K.’s temporary recruitment revenues were derived from the supply of office staff, 20% from the supply of industrial staff and 10% from the supply of technical staff.
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We also own Brook Street Bureau PLC, or Brook Street, which operates through a total of 114 branch offices, separate from the Manpower and Manpower Professional brands in the United Kingdom. Its core business is secretarial, office and light industrial recruitment. Brook Street operates as a local network of branches supported by a national
head office and competes primarily with local or regional independents. Brook Street’s revenues are comprised of temporary and contract placements as well as permanent recruitment.
Also included in our EMEA operations is Elan, which is a leading IT and technical recruitment firm. In addition to IT and technical recruitment, Elan provides managed service solutions to clients, which enable them to recruit personnel efficiently and achieve ongoing cost savings. Elan provides services in 16 countries, with the largest operations
in the United Kingdom.
During 2009 for our EMEA operations, approximately 31% of temporary and contract recruitment revenues were derived from placing office staff, 33% from placing industrial staff and 36% from placing professional and technical staff.
We also conduct business in EMEA under our Jefferson Wells and Right Management brands. These operations are discussed further in the following sections.
Asia Pacific
We operate under the Manpower and Manpower Professional brands through 202 branch offices in the Asia Pacific Region. The largest of these operations are located in Australia, China, India, Japan, and the Southeast Asia Region, all of which operate through branch offices. Our Asia Pacific operations provide a variety of employment services,
including permanent, temporary and contract recruitment, assessment and selection, training and outsourcing. During 2009, approximately 69% of our Asia Pacific temporary and contract recruitment revenues were derived from placing office staff, 9% from placing industrial staff and 22% from placing professional and technical staff.
We also conduct business in Asia Pacific under our Jefferson Wells and Right Management brands. These operations are discussed further in the following sections.
Right Management
Right Management is the talent and career management expert within Manpower and helps clients win by designing and executing workforce solutions that align talent strategy with business strategy. Our expertise spans Talent Assessment, Leader Development, Organizational
Effectiveness, Employee Engagement, and Workforce Transition and Outplacement. Right Management has more than 300 service locations in 50 countries. Today we serve 80% of the Fortune 500 and over 70% of the Fortune Global 500 companies by helping them to grow talent, reduce costs, accelerate performance and realize their business goals.
Right Management’s Career Management capability includes Outplacement, Career Decision, Redeployment and Career Development solutions, designed to strategically mobilize and size workforces to meet client needs, while minimizing turnover and maintaining productivity.
Right Management’s Talent Management capability includes: Talent Assessment solutions that provide assessment and actionable feedback on current talent, to forecast for future business needs; Leader Development solutions focused on creating organizational capacity through careful grooming of a client’s most promising leader talent;
Organizational Effectiveness solutions that facilitate the integration and alignment of the business strategy with a workable talent management strategy; and Employee Engagement solutions that help organizations identify the levels of engagement present within a given workforce population, set benchmarks by which to evaluate the level of engagement, and analysis to enable managers to understand and leverage the drivers of employee engagement unique to their organizations.
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Jefferson Wells
Jefferson Wells delivers professional services in the areas of risk advisory, tax, and finance and accounting. Jefferson Wells’ Centers of Expertise offer in-depth expertise for specific processes, industries and technical issues, enabling the company
to mobilize a global network of resources and services to address specialized client needs. The company does not perform attestation work, and focuses on client needs to deliver independent, cost-effective results by providing solutions across a wide range of finance-related business functions.
Jefferson Wells employs highly experienced professionals who have significant practical, hands-on experience — often a blend of public accounting and industry experience with relevant professional credentials and accreditations. Jefferson Wells’ professionals
have extensive experience in a variety of industries, including: automotive, business services, communications, construction, education, energy and utilities, financial services, government, healthcare, hospitality, insurance, retail, technology and manufacturing.
The company serves clients, including Fortune 500, FTSE 350 and Global 1000 companies. Its mission has always been to provide exceptional service at competitive rates by putting resources into local offices, rather than a centralized, partner-based
organization. This allows the company to keep their fees competitive, with experts available locally so travel and lodging expenses are nominal or non-existent. Jefferson Wells has operations in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands, South Africa and Hong Kong through 50 office locations. In partnership with our business alliances, Jefferson Wells delivers services in more than 40 countries and markets worldwide.
Competition
Introduction
We compete in the employment services industry by offering a complete range of services, including permanent, temporary and contract recruitment, assessment and selection, training, managed service solutions, outsourcing, consulting and professional services.
Our industry is large and fragmented, comprised of thousands of firms employing millions of people and generating billions of U.S. Dollars in annual revenues. It is also a highly competitive industry, reflecting several
trends in the global marketplace such as the notably increasing demand for skilled people, employers’ desire for more flexible working models and consolidation among clients and in the employment services industry itself. We manage these trends by leveraging established strengths, including one of the employment services industry’s most recognized and respected brands; geographic diversification; size and service scope; an innovative product mix; and a strong client base. While staffing is an important
aspect of our business, our strategy is focused on providing both the skilled employees our clients need and high-value workforce management, outsourcing and consulting solutions.
Client demand for employment services is dependent on the overall strength of the labor market and secular trends toward greater workforce flexibility within each of the countries and territories in which we operate. Improving economic growth typically results in increasing demand for labor, resulting in greater demand for our staffing services.
Correspondingly, during periods of weak economic growth or economic contraction, the demand for our staffing services typically declines, while demand for our outplacement services typically accelerates.
During the last several years, secular trends toward greater workforce flexibility have had a favorable impact on demand for our services in several markets. As companies attempt to increase the variability of their cost base, the contemporary work solutions we provide help them to effectively address the fluctuating demand for their products
or services. As the economy recovers, we believe employment services firms will play an increasing role in workforce strategy and talent acquisition due to the deep staff cuts many companies have made during the recession, particularly at large organizations.
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Our client mix consists of both small- and medium-size businesses, which are based upon a local or regional relationship with our office network in each market, and large national/multinational client relationships, which comprised approximately 44% of our revenues in 2009. These large national and multinational clients will frequently enter
into non-exclusive arrangements with several firms, with the ultimate choice among them being left to the local managers. As a result, employment services firms with a large network of offices compete most effectively for this business which generally has agreed-upon pricing or mark-up on services performed. Client relationships with small- and medium-size businesses tend to rely less upon longer-term contracts, and the competitors for this business are primarily locally-owned businesses.
Recruitment Services Market
Our portfolio of recruitment services includes permanent, temporary and contract recruitment of professionals, as well as administrative and industrial positions. All of these services are provided under the Manpower, Manpower Professional and Elan brands.
We are preparing for the global expansion and acceleration of our Professional Staffing business, particularly in the areas of Information, Communications and Technology (ITC), Engineering, and Finance and Accounting. These high-growth, high-profitability services, delivered primarily under the Manpower Professional brand and Elan, provide
the in-demand skills our clients require. Professional Staffing will be a critical revenue stream for us in the future, as we continue to build our brand and attract the talent our clients need as skills shortages rise.
Our recruitment services also include our Recruitment Process Outsourcing (RPO) offering, where we take on the management of customized, large-scale recruiting and workforce productivity initiatives for clients in an exclusive outsourcing contract. Our RPO offering is delivered via Manpower Business Solutions (MBS), a dedicated business unit
within the Manpower group of companies that specializes in the delivery of customized employment strategies and outcome-based solutions. Through our RPO offering, MBS manages any part or all of a client's permanent recruiting and hiring processes, from job profiling to on-boarding, globally or in a single location. The Managed Service Program (MSP) and RPO offerings provide specialty expertise in contingent workforce management and broader administrative functions. MSP services include overall program management,
reporting and tracking, supplier selection and management and order distribution. Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) services include management of financial and administrative processes, including call center and customer service activities and accounting and payroll. Our proven experience, process and digital and physical network allow us to drive the per hire cost savings down through an end-to-end recruitment process.
The temporary recruitment market throughout the world is large and highly fragmented with more than 15,000 firms competing throughout the world. In most areas, no single company has a dominant share of the temporary and contract recruitment market. In addition to us, the largest publicly owned companies specializing in recruitment services
are Adecco, S.A. (Switzerland), Randstad Holding N.V. (Netherlands) and Kelly Services, Inc. (U.S.).
The global RPO market was approximately $1.9 billion in 2009 and is projected to grow to $2.8 billion by 2013. RPO accounts for approximately 4% of the overall Human Resource Outsourcing market.
Historically, in periods of economic prosperity, the number of firms providing recruitment services has increased significantly due to the combination of a favorable economic climate and low barriers to entry. Recessionary periods generally result in a reduction in the number of competitors through consolidation and closures; however, historically
this reduction has proven to be for a limited time as the following periods of economic recovery have led to a return in growth in the number of competitors. As we projected, due to the difficult economic environment this year, we saw many of our smaller, local competitors struggle, with many national markets consolidating further. In many markets we were able to improve market share and we see further opportunity to do so in the future.
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Recruitment firms act as intermediaries in matching available permanent, temporary and contract workers to employer assignments. As a result, these firms compete both to recruit and retain a supply of permanent, temporary and contract workers and to attract clients to employ these workers. We recruit permanent, temporary and contract workers
through a wide variety of means, including personal referrals, online resources and advertisements, and by providing an attractive compensation package in jurisdictions where such benefits are not otherwise required by law, including health insurance, vacation and holiday pay, incentive and pension plans and a recognition program.
Methods used to market recruitment services to clients vary depending on the client’s need for permanent, temporary and RPO services, the local labor supply, the length of assignment and the number of workers required. Our full range of employment services and multiple brands enable us to cross-market to clients in order to leverage
our relationships and expand our services provided, from outplacement services at Right Management to permanent recruitment services at Manpower Professional, to RPO services, etc. We compete by means of quality of service provided, scope of service offered, ability to source the right talent and price. Success in providing high quality recruitment services is a function of the ability to access a supply of available workers, select suitable individuals for a particular assignment and, in some cases, train available
workers in skills required for an assignment. For MBS services, success is defined primarily by the ability to perform the recruitment function more effectively and efficiently than the client could perform those functions internally.
An important aspect in the selection of temporary and contract workers for an assignment is the ability of the recruitment firm to identify the skills, knowledge, abilities, and personal characteristics of a temporary worker and match their competencies or capabilities to an employer’s requirements. We have a variety of proprietary
programs for identifying and assessing the skill level of our associates, which are used in selecting a particular individual for a specific assignment. We believe that our assessment systems enable us to offer a higher quality service by increasing productivity, decreasing turnover and reducing absenteeism.
It is also important to be able to access a large network of skilled workers and to be able to “create” certain hard-to-find skills by offering training to available workers. Our competitive position is enhanced by our ability to offer a wide variety of skills, in some of the most important market segments, through the use of
training systems. Our Manpower Direct TrainingSM online university provides over 5,000 hours of online courses that are accessible 24/7 and are free to our employees and associates to help them improve their skills. The courses cover a wide range of subjects in many languages and feature the latest information for a variety of fields, from learning the latest technology in the IT field, to brushing up on business management courses
or software programs. This training can also enable students in any profession to further develop their skills, improve their employability and earn higher wages.
Career and Talent Management Consulting Services Market
Our Career and Talent Management consulting services are primarily provided under the Right Management brand. Right Management is the talent and career management expert within Manpower. The organization helps clients win in the changing world of work by designing and executing workforce solutions that align talent strategy with business
strategy. Its expertise spans talent assessment, leader development, organizational effectiveness, employee engagement, and workforce transition and outplacement. With offices in over 50 countries, Right Management partners with companies of all sizes. More than 80% of Fortune 500 companies are currently working with Right Management to help them grow talent, reduce costs and accelerate performance. The market for these consulting and outplacement services is highly competitive. In the market for services required
by global clients, there are several barriers to entry, such as the global coverage, specialized local knowledge and technology required to provide outstanding services to corporations on a global scale.
Our competitors in the consulting space related to Right Management's core capabilities include major firms that compete in serving the large employer worldwide, such as Mercer, Towers Watson, DDI and Hewitt Associates. Additional significant competition comes from
smaller regional and boutique firms in this same space, along with firms in related areas such as management and technology consulting and human resource IT that are starting to compete in portions of the Talent Management space (e.g. Accenture, Kenexa). Public accounting and consulting firms such as PricewaterhouseCoopers and Deloitte & Touche are also competitors in this space, though these firms must provide their consulting services within the constraints of the auditor independence provisions
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act legislation.
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Our competitors in the outplacement market include outplacement services firms such as Drake Beam Morin, Lee Hecht Harrison (owned by Adecco) and career service divisions of global employment services firms. Additionally, there are regional firms and numerous smaller boutiques operating in either limited geographic
markets or providing limited services. Companies choose to provide outplacement services for several reasons. First, as the competition for attracting and retaining qualified employees increases, companies are increasingly attempting to distinguish themselves in the marketplace as attractive employers. Consequently, more companies are providing outplacement services as part of a comprehensive benefits package that provides for the well being of employees – not only during their period of employment, but
also after their employment ceases. Additionally, when companies experience layoffs, many believe that providing outplacement services projects a positive corporate image and improves morale among the remaining employees. Finally, companies may provide outplacement services to reduce costs by preparing and assisting separated employees to find new employment, thereby diminishing employment-related litigation.
Companies augment their internal human resources professional staff with external consultants for many reasons. First, the growing importance and complexity of employee issues is creating an unprecedented theoretical and technical service expectation on human resources departments. Additionally, human resources departments have continued
pressure to contain costs without minimizing the resources available to managers. Finally, companies increasingly choose to outsource non-core functions that can be addressed more effectively by outside professionals. These organizations look to Right Management for thought leadership and best practices on attracting and assessing organizational talent, leadership development and engaging and aligning the workforce.
Companies also choose Right Management for the high-tech, high-touch approach of our outplacement services and the range of expertise and solutions within our core capabilities that can be tailored to meet specific organizational and candidate needs. Our technology capabilities are integral to our services, particularly for outplacement.
We have made significant investments in technology to augment our core services with online, 24/7 access and support for both clients and candidates. Our solutions include: Right Navigator TM, RightChoice TM, RightTrack SM, RightEverywhereTM,
Right Connection ®, Right FasTrack SM, Right Access SM , iView TM and Wellness and Productivity Management, along with Job Banks and Resume Banks.
Professional Services
Jefferson Wells competes in the professional services industry as a high-value alternative to public accounting firms and other consulting groups. It delivers professional services in the areas of risk advisory, tax, and finance and accounting, focusing on client needs
to deliver independent, cost-effective results by providing solutions across a wide range of finance-related business functions.
The professional services industry is highly competitive and comprised of public accounting firms, mid-level consulting firms and specialty consulting boutique firms. The “Big Four” public accounting firms are Deloitte & Touche, Ernst & Young, PricewaterhouseCoopers and KPMG. Competitors in the professional services
market include Protiviti, Grant Thornton, Huron Consulting and Resources Global Professionals. Additionally, numerous smaller boutiques either operate in limited geographic markets or provide limited services. While public accounting and consulting firms can be primary competitors, these firms also frequently refer Jefferson Wells to assist clients with engagements where there are conflict-of-interest concerns. Because Jefferson Wells does not perform attestation work, it can provide an objective review of a
client’s business processes, thus avoiding potential conflicts of interest.
Jefferson Wells employs highly experienced professionals who have significant practical, hands-on experience — often a blend of public accounting and industry experience with relevant professional credentials and accreditations. Jefferson Wells’ professionals have
extensive experience in a variety of industries, including: automotive, business services, communications, construction, education, energy and utilities, financial services, government, healthcare, hospitality, insurance, retail, technology and manufacturing.
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In an evolving global marketplace, a variety of market trends affect the professional services industry, primary among them are: increasing demand for highly experienced people, global business expansion with a need for consistent methodology and service delivery, and the high cost of full-time professionals with specialized skills. To meet
these demands, Jefferson Wells’ Centers of Expertise offer in-depth expertise for specific processes, industries and technical issues, enabling the company to mobilize a global network of resources and services to address specialized client needs. Its operational model seeks to provide exceptional service at competitive rates by putting resources into local offices, rather than a centralized, partner-based organization. This allows the company to keep its fees competitive, with experts available locally
so travel and lodging expenses are nominal or non-existent.
Jefferson Wells serves clients, including Fortune 500, FTSE 350 and Global 1000 companies, via its network of 50 offices in the United States, Canada, England, Germany, The Netherlands, South Africa and Hong Kong. Its services are also delivered in more than 40 countries and markets worldwide through select business alliances.
Regulation
The employment services industry is closely regulated in all of the major markets in which we operate, except the United States and Canada. Employment services firms are generally subject to one or more of the following types of government regulation:
In many markets, the existence or absence of collective bargaining agreements with labor organizations has a significant impact on our operations and the ability of clients to use our services. In some markets, labor agreements are structured on an industry-wide, rather than company-by-company, basis. Changes in these collective bargaining
agreements have occurred in the past and are expected to occur in the future and may have a material impact on the operations of employment services firms, including us.
In many countries, including the United States and the United Kingdom, employment services firms are considered the legal employers of temporary and contract workers. Therefore, laws regulating the employer/employee relationship, such as tax withholding or reporting, social security or retirement, anti-discrimination and workers’ compensation,
govern the firm. In other countries, employment services firms, while not the direct legal employer of temporary and contract workers, are still responsible for collecting taxes and social security deductions and transmitting such amounts to the taxing authorities.
In many countries, particularly in continental Europe and Asia, entry into the employment services market is restricted by the requirement to register with, or obtain licenses from, a government agency. In addition, a wide variety of ministerial requirements may be imposed, such as record keeping, written contracts and reporting. The United
States and Canada do not presently have any form of national registration or licensing requirement.
In addition to licensing or registration requirements, many countries impose substantive restrictions on the use of temporary and contract workers. Such restrictions include regulations affecting the types of work permitted, the maximum length of assignment, wage levels or reasons for which temporary and contract workers may be employed.
In some countries special taxes, fees or costs are imposed in connection with the use of temporary and contract workers. For example, temporary and contract workers in France are entitled to a 10% allowance for the uncertain duration of employment, which is eliminated if a full-time position is offered to them within three days after assignment termination. In some countries, the contract of employment with temporary and contract employees must differ from the length of assignment.
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Our outplacement and consulting services generally are not subjected to governmental regulation in the markets in which we operate.
In the United States, we are subject to various federal and state laws relating to franchising, principally the Federal Trade Commission’s Franchise Rules and analogous state laws which impact our agreements with our franchised operations. These laws and related rules and regulations impose specific disclosure requirements. Virtually
all states also regulate the termination of franchises.
Also see Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Legal Regulations.”
Trademarks
We maintain a number of registered trademarks, trade names and service marks in the United States and various other countries. We believe that many of these marks and trade names, including Manpower®, Manpower Professional®,
Right Management Consultants®, Jefferson Wells®, Brook Street®, Elan®, Ultraskill®, and Skillware®,
have significant value and are materially important to our business. In addition, we maintain other intangible property rights. The trademarks have been assigned an indefinite life based on our expectation of renewing the trademarks, as required, without material modifications and at a minimal cost, and our expectation of positive cash flows beyond the foreseeable future.
Employees
We had approximately 28,000 full-time equivalent employees as of December 31, 2009. In addition, we estimate that we recruit on behalf of our clients approximately three million permanent, temporary and contract workers on a worldwide basis each year.
As described above, in most jurisdictions, we, as the employer of our temporary and contract workers or as otherwise required by applicable law, are responsible for employment administration. This administration includes collection of withholding taxes, employer contributions for social security or its equivalent outside the United States,
unemployment tax, workers’ compensation and fidelity and liability insurance, and other governmental requirements imposed on employers. In most jurisdictions where such benefits are not legally required, including the United States, we provide health and life insurance, paid holidays and paid vacations to qualifying temporary and contract employees.
Financial Information about Foreign and Domestic Operations
Note 15 to our consolidated financial statements sets forth the information required for each segment and geographical area for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007. Such note is found in our 2009 Annual Report to Shareholders and is incorporated herein by reference.
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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Statements made in this report that are not statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements. In addition, from time to time, we and our representatives may make statements that are forward-looking. All forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties. This section provides you with cautionary statements identifying,
for purposes of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those contained in forward-looking statements made in this report or otherwise made by us or on our behalf. You can identify these forward-looking statements by forward-looking words such as “expect”, “anticipate”, “intend”, “plan”, “may”, “will”, “believe”,
“seek”, “estimate”, and similar expressions. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.
The following are some of the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from estimates contained in our forward-looking statements:
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Some or all of these factors may be beyond our control. We caution you that any forward-looking statement reflects only our belief at the time the statement is made. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made.
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RISK FACTORS
Any significant economic downturn could result in our clients using fewer temporary and contract workers or becoming unable to pay us for our services on a timely basis or at all, which would materially adversely affect our business.
Because demand for recruitment services is sensitive to changes in the level of economic activity, our business may suffer during economic downturns. As economic activity begins to slow down, companies tend to reduce their use of temporary and contract workers before undertaking layoffs of their regular employees, resulting in decreased demand
for temporary and contract workers. Significant declines in demand, and thus in revenues, can result in expense de-leveraging, which would result in lower profit levels.
In addition, during economic downturns companies may slow the rate at which they pay their vendors or become unable to pay their debts as they become due. If any of our significant clients does not pay amounts owed to us in a timely manner or becomes unable to pay such amounts to us at a time when we have substantial amounts receivable
from such client, our cash flow and profitability may suffer.
The worldwide employment services industry is highly competitive with limited barriers to entry, which could limit our ability to maintain or increase our market share or profitability.
The worldwide employment services market is highly competitive with limited barriers to entry, and in recent years has been undergoing significant consolidation. We compete in markets throughout the world with full-service and specialized employment services agencies. Several of our competitors, including Adecco S.A., Randstad Holding N.V.
and Kelly Services, Inc., have very substantial marketing and financial resources. Price competition in the staffing industry is intense and pricing pressures from competitors and clients are increasing. We expect that the level of competition will remain high in the future, which could limit our ability to maintain or increase our market share or our profitability.
Government regulations may result in prohibition or restriction of certain types of employment services or the imposition of additional licensing or tax requirements that may reduce our future earnings.
In many jurisdictions in which we operate, such as France and Germany, the employment services industry is heavily regulated. For example, governmental regulations in Germany restrict the length of contracts and the industries in which our associates may be used. In some countries, special taxes, fees or costs are imposed in connection with
the use of our associates. For example, our associates in France are entitled to a 10% allowance for the uncertain duration of employment, which is eliminated if a full-time position is offered to them within three days after assignment termination. The countries in which we operate may, among other things:
Any future regulations may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity because they may make it more difficult or expensive for us to continue to provide employment services.
Our acquisition strategy may have a material adverse effect on our business due to unexpected or underestimated costs.
From time to time, we acquire and invest in companies throughout the world, including franchises. The total cash consideration paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired, was $21.6 million and $242.0 million in 2009 and 2008, respectively.
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In February 2010, we entered into an agreement to acquire COMSYS IT Partners, Inc. (NASDAQ: CITP), a leading professional staffing firm. The agreement has been approved by the boards of directors of both companies. Subject to the terms of the agreement, the value of the consideration for each outstanding share of COMSYS common stock would
be $17.65, for a total enterprise value of $431.0 million, including net debt retired by us at closing. The consideration is expected to be approximately 50% Manpower common stock and approximately 50% cash, unless we elect to pay all cash. The acquisition is expected to close in the second quarter of 2010.
We may make additional acquisitions in the future. Our acquisition strategy involves significant risks, including:
These risks could have a material adverse effect on our business because they may result in substantial costs to us and disrupt our business. In addition, future acquisitions could materially adversely effect our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity because they would likely result in the incurrence of additional
debt or dilution, contingent liabilities, an increase in interest expense and amortization expenses related to separately identified intangible assets. Possible impairment losses on goodwill and intangible assets with an indefinite life, or restructuring charges could also occur. For example, we recorded a goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge of $61.0 million in 2009 and $163.1 million in 2008 related to our acquisitions of Jefferson Wells and Right Management, respectively.
Intense competition may limit our ability to attract, train and retain the qualified personnel necessary for us to meet our clients’ staffing needs.
We depend on our ability to attract and retain qualified associates who possess the skills and experience necessary to meet the requirements of our clients. We must continually evaluate and upgrade our base of available qualified personnel through recruiting and training programs to keep pace with changing client needs and emerging technologies.
Competition for individuals with proven professional skills, particularly employees with accounting and technological skills, is intense, and we expect demand for such individuals to remain very strong for the foreseeable future. Qualified personnel may not be available to us in sufficient numbers and on terms of employment acceptable to us. Developing and implementing training programs requires significant expenditures and may not result in the trainees developing effective or adequate skills. We may not be
able to develop training programs to respond to our clients’ changing needs or retain associates who we have trained. The failure to recruit, train and retain qualified associates could materially adversely affect our business because it may result in an inability to meet our clients’ needs.
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We may be exposed to employment-related claims and costs from clients or third parties that could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are in the business of employing people and placing them in the workplaces of other businesses. Risks relating to these activities include:
We may incur fines and other losses or negative publicity with respect to these problems. In addition, some or all of these claims may give rise to litigation, which could be time-consuming to our management team and costly and could have a negative impact on our business. We cannot be certain we will not experience these problems in the
future.
We cannot be certain our insurance will be sufficient in amount or scope to cover all claims that may be asserted against us. Should the ultimate judgments or settlements exceed our insurance coverage, they could have a material effect on our results of operations, financial position and cash flows. We cannot be certain we will be able to
obtain appropriate types or levels of insurance in the future, that adequate replacement policies will be available on acceptable terms, if at all, or that the companies from which we have obtained insurance will be able to pay claims we make under such policies.
If we lose our key personnel, then our business may suffer.
Our operations are dependent on the continued efforts of our officers and executive management and the performance and productivity of our local managers and field personnel. Our ability to attract and retain business is significantly affected by local relationships and the quality of service rendered. The loss of those key officers and members
of management who have acquired significant experience in operating an employment services company on an international level may cause a significant disruption to our business. Moreover, the loss of our key managers and field personnel may jeopardize existing client relationships with businesses that continue to use our services based upon past relationships with these local managers and field personnel. The loss of such key personnel could materially adversely affect our operations, because it may result in
an inability to establish and maintain client relationships and otherwise operate our business.
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Foreign currency fluctuations may have a material adverse effect on our operating results.
We conduct our operations in 82 countries and territories and the results of our local operations are reported in the applicable foreign currencies and then translated into U.S. Dollars at the applicable foreign currency exchange rates for inclusion in our consolidated financial statements. During 2009, approximately 87% of our revenues were
generated outside of the United States, the majority of which were generated in Europe. Furthermore, approximately $756.9 million of our outstanding indebtedness as of December 31, 2009 was denominated in foreign currencies. Because of devaluations and fluctuations in currency exchange rates or the imposition of limitations on conversion of foreign currencies into U.S. Dollars, we are subject to currency translation exposure on the profits of our operations, in addition to economic exposure. This exposure could
have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flow and results of operations in the future because, among other things, it could cause our reported revenues and profitability to decline or debt levels and interest expense to increase.
As of December 31, 2009 and 2008, we had $757.3 million and $952.9 million of total debt, respectively. This level of debt could adversely affect our operating flexibility and put us at a competitive disadvantage.
Our level of debt and the limitations imposed on us by our credit agreements could have important consequences for investors, including the following:
The terms of our revolving credit facility permit additional borrowings, subject to certain conditions. If new debt is added to our current debt levels, the related risks we now face could intensify.
We expect to obtain the money to pay our expenses, to repay borrowings under our credit facility and to repay our other debt primarily from our operations. Our ability to meet our expenses thus depends on our future performance, which will be affected by financial, business, economic and other factors. We are not able to control many of these
factors, such as economic conditions in the markets where we operate and pressure from competitors. The money we earn may not be sufficient to allow us to pay principal and interest on our debt and to meet our other debt obligations. If we do not have enough money, we may be required to refinance all or part of our existing debt, sell assets or borrow additional funds. We may not be able to take such actions on terms that are acceptable to us, if at all. In addition, the terms of our existing or future debt agreements,
including the revolving credit facilities and our indentures, may restrict us from adopting any of these alternatives.
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Our failure to comply with restrictive covenants under our revolving credit facilities and other debt instruments could trigger prepayment obligations.
Our failure to comply with the restrictive covenants under our revolving credit facilities and other debt instruments could result in an event of default, which, if not cured or waived, could result in us being required to repay these borrowings before their due date. If we are forced to refinance these borrowings on less favorable terms,
our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected by increased costs and rates.
The lenders under our and our subsidiaries’ credit facilities may be unwilling or unable to extend credit to us on acceptable terms or at all.
Our liquidity is dependent in part on our revolving credit facility, which is provided by a syndicate of banks. Each bank in the syndicate is responsible on a several, but not joint, basis for providing a portion of the loans under the facility. If any of the participants in the syndicate fails to satisfy its obligations
to extend credit under the facility, the other participants refuse or are unable to assume its obligations and we are unable to find an alternative source of funding at comparable rates, our liquidity may be adversely affected or our interest expense may increase substantially.
Furthermore, a number of our subsidiaries maintain uncommitted lines of credit with various banks. Under the terms of these lines of credit, the bank is not obligated to make loans to the subsidiary or to make loans to the subsidiary at a particular interest rate. If any of these banks cancel these lines of credit or
otherwise refuse to extend credit on acceptable terms, we may need to extend credit to those subsidiaries or the liquidity of our subsidiaries may be adversely affected.
The performance of our subsidiaries and their ability to distribute cash to our parent company may vary, negatively affecting our ability to service our debt at the parent company level or in other subsidiaries.
Since we conduct a significant portion of our operations through our subsidiaries, our cash flow and our consequent ability to service our debt depends in part upon the earnings of our subsidiaries and the distribution of those earnings to our parent company, or upon loans or other payments of funds by those subsidiaries to our parent company
or to other subsidiaries. The payment of such dividends and the making of such loans and advances by our subsidiaries may be subject to legal or contractual restrictions, depend upon the earnings of those subsidiaries and be subject to various business considerations, including the ability of such subsidiaries to pay such dividends or make such loans and advances in a manner that does not result in substantial tax liability.
We are exposed to counterparty risk in our hedging arrangements.
From time to time we enter into arrangements with other parties to hedge our exposure to fluctuations in currency and interest rates, including forward contracts and swap agreements. A number of financial institutions similar to those that serve as counterparties to our hedging arrangements have been adversely affected by the global credit
crisis and in some cases have been unable to fulfill their debts and other obligations. If any of the counterparties to our hedging arrangements become unable to fulfill their obligations to us, we may lose the financial benefits of these arrangements. The fair value of our derivative financial instruments related to foreign currency forward exchange contracts reflected in our consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2009 were assets of $0.4 million and liabilities of $0.9 million. We
had no swap agreements outstanding as of December 31, 2009.
Our inability to secure letters of credit on acceptable terms may substantially increase our cost of doing business in various countries.
In a number of countries in which we conduct business we are obligated to provide guarantees or letters of credit to secure licenses, lease space or for insurance coverage. We typically receive these guarantees and letters of credits from a number of financial institutions around the world. In the event that we are unable
to secure these arrangements from a bank, lender or other third party on acceptable terms, our liquidity may be adversely affected, there could be a disruption to our business or there could be a substantial increase in cost for our business.
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The price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly, which may result in losses for investors.
The market price for our common stock has been and may continue to be volatile. For example, during 2009, the prices of our common stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange ranged from a high of $61.48 to a low of $23.75. Our stock price can fluctuate as a result of a variety of factors, including factors listed in these “Risk
Factors” and others, many of which are beyond our control. These factors include:
Because of this volatility, we may fail to meet the expectations of our shareholders or of securities analysts, and our stock price could decline as a result.
Wisconsin law and our articles of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that could make the takeover of our company more difficult.
Certain provisions of Wisconsin law and our articles of incorporation and bylaws could have the effect of delaying or preventing a third party from acquiring us, even if a change in control would be beneficial to our shareholders. These provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws include:
In addition, the Wisconsin control share acquisition statute and Wisconsin’s “fair price” and “business combination” provisions limit the ability of an acquiring person to engage in certain transactions or to exercise the full voting power of acquired shares under certain circumstances. These provisions and other
provisions of Wisconsin law could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if doing so would benefit our shareholders. As a result, offers to acquire us, which may represent a premium over the available market price of our common stock, may be withdrawn or otherwise fail to be realized. The provisions described above could cause our stock price to decline.
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Our business involves the use, storage and transmission of information about our employees, our clients and employees of our clients. We and our third party service providers have established policies and procedures to help protect the security and privacy of this information. It is possible that our security controls
over personal and other data and other practices we and our third party service providers follow may not prevent the improper access to or disclosure of personally identifiable or otherwise confidential information. Such disclosure could harm our reputation and subject us to liability under our contracts and laws that protect personal data and confidential information, resulting in increased costs or loss of revenue. Further, data privacy is subject to frequently changing rules and regulations,
which sometimes conflict among the various jurisdictions and countries in which we provide services. Our failure to adhere to or successfully implement processes in response to changing regulatory requirements in this area could result in legal liability or impairment to our reputation in the marketplace.
Outsourcing certain aspects of our business could result in disruption and increased costs.
We have outsourced certain aspects of our business to third party vendors that subject us to risks, including disruptions in our business and increased costs. For example, we have engaged third parties to host and manage certain aspects of our data center information and technology infrastructure and to provide certain back office support
in several countries. Accordingly, we are subject to the risks associated with the vendor’s ability to provide these services to meet our needs. Our operations will depend significantly upon their and our ability to make our servers, software applications and websites available and to protect our data from damage or interruption from human error, computer viruses, intentional acts of vandalism, labor disputes, natural disasters and similar events. If the cost of these services is more than expected, or
if the vendor or we are unable to adequately protect our data and information is lost, or our ability to deliver our services is interrupted, then our business and results of operations may be negatively impacted.
Not applicable.
We own properties at various locations worldwide, none of which are material. Most of our operations are conducted from leased premises and we do not anticipate any difficulty in renewing these leases or in finding alternative sites in the ordinary course of business.
We are involved in litigation of a routine nature and various legal matters, which are being defended and handled in the ordinary course of business.
The information required by this Item is set forth in our Annual Report to Shareholders for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009, under the heading “Significant Matters Affecting Results of Operations” (pages 36 to 39), which information is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
Not applicable.
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EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF MANPOWER
(as of February 16, 2010)
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Audit Committee Approval of Audit-Related and Non-Audit Services
The Audit Committee of our Board of Directors has approved the following audit-related and non-audit services performed or to be performed for us by our independent registered public accounting firm, Deloitte & Touche LLP, in 2009:
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In August 2007, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of 5.0 million shares of our common stock, not to exceed a total purchase price of $400.0 million. The authorization permitted share repurchases from time to time through a variety of methods, including open market purchases, block transactions, privately negotiated transactions,
accelerated share repurchase programs, forward repurchase agreements or similar facilities. The following table shows the total amount of shares repurchased under this authorization during the fourth quarter of 2009.
(1) Shares of restricted stock delivered by a director to Manpower, upon vesting, to satisfy tax withholding requirements.
(2) Not to exceed a total purchase price of $182.1 million.
The remaining information required by this Item is set forth in our Annual Report to Shareholders for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009, under the heading “Note 16 - Quarterly Data” (page 75) and “Corporate Information” (page 78) and in our Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held
on April 27, 2010, under the caption “Equity Compensation Plan Information”, which information is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
The information required by this Item is set forth in our Annual Report to Shareholders for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009, under the heading “Selected Financial Data” (page 76), which information is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
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The information required by this Item is set forth in our Annual Report to Shareholders for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009, under the headings “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” (pages 17 to 39), which information is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
The information required by this Item is set forth in our Annual Report to Shareholders for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009, under the heading “Significant Matters Affecting Results of Operations” (pages 36 to 39), which information is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
The information required by this Item is set forth in the financial statements and the notes thereto (pages 42 to 75) contained in our Annual Report to Shareholders for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009, which information is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain a set of disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports filed by us under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s
rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file under the Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation
of our management, including our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15 of the Exchange Act. Based on that evaluation, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.
Internal Control over Financial Reporting
The Management Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting is set forth on page 39 in our Annual Report to Shareholders for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009 which information is hereby incorporated herein by reference. The Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm’s report with respect to the effectiveness of
internal control over financial reporting is included on pages 41 of our Annual Report to Shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2009 which information is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART III
The information required by this Item is set forth in our Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on April 27, 2010, under the caption “Executive and Director Compensation”; under the caption “Executive Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation”; and under the caption
“Report of the Executive Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors,” which information is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
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The information required by this Item is set forth in our Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on April 27, 2010, under the caption “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners” and under the caption “Security Ownership of Management”; and under the caption “Equity Compensation
Plan Information,” which information is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
The information required by this Item is set forth in our Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on April 27, 2010, under the caption “Meetings and Committees of the Board,” which information is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
The information required by this Item is set forth in our Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on April 27, 2010, under the caption “Audit Committee Report,” which information is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
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(a)(1) Financial Statements.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Financial Statement Schedule
SCHEDULE II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
Pursuant to Regulation S-K, Item 601(b)(4)(iii), Manpower hereby agrees to furnish to the Commission, upon request, a copy of each instrument and agreement with respect to long-term debt of Manpower and its consolidated subsidiaries which does not exceed 10 percent
of the total assets of Manpower and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis.
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28
29
** Management contract or compensatory arrangement.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Directors: J. Thomas Bouchard, Marc J. Bolland, Gina R. Boswell, Cari M. Dominguez, Jack M. Greenberg, Terry A. Hueneke, Roberto Mendoza, Ulice Payne, Jr., John R. Walter and Edward J. Zore
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Manpower Inc.:
We have audited the consolidated financial statements of Manpower Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2009, and the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009, and have issued our reports thereon dated February
19, 2010; such consolidated financial statements and reports are included in the 2009 Annual Report to Shareholders and are incorporated herein by reference. Our audits also included the consolidated financial statement schedule of the Company listed in Item 15. This consolidated financial statement schedule is the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion based on our audits. In our opinion, such consolidated financial statement schedule, when considered in relation
to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
February 19, 2010
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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SCHEDULE II - VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
For the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, in millions:
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts:
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