MRO » Topics » Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

These excerpts taken from the MRO 10-K filed Feb 27, 2009.

Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In December 2008, the SEC announced that it had approved revisions to its oil and gas reporting disclosures. The new disclosure requirements include provisions that:

 

   

Introduce a new definition of oil and gas producing activities. This new definition allows companies to include in their reserve base volumes from unconventional resources. Such unconventional resources include bitumen extracted from oil sands and oil and gas extracted from coal beds and shale formations.

 

   

Report oil and gas reserves using an unweighted average price using the prior 12-month period, based on the closing prices on the first day of each month, rather than year-end prices. The SEC indicated that they will continue to communicate with the FASB staff to align their accounting standards with these rules. The FASB currently requires a single-day, year-end price for accounting purposes.

 

   

Permit companies to disclose their probable and possible reserves on a voluntary basis. In the past, proved reserves were the only reserves allowed in the disclosures.

 

   

Require companies to provide additional disclosure regarding the aging of proved undeveloped reserves.

 

   

Permit the use of reliable technologies to determine proved reserves if those technologies have been demonstrated empirically to lead to reliable conclusions about reserves volumes.

 

   

Replace the existing “certainty” test for areas beyond one offsetting drilling unit from a productive well with a “reasonable certainty” test.

 

   

Require additional disclosures regarding the qualifications of the chief technical person who oversees the company’s overall reserve estimation process. Additionally, disclosures regarding internal controls surrounding reserve estimation, as well as a report addressing the independence and qualifications of its reserves preparer or auditor will be mandatory.

 

   

Require separate disclosure of reserves in foreign countries if they represent more than 15 percent of total proved reserves, based on barrels of oil equivalents.

 

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Index to Financial Statements

If finalized, we will apply the new disclosure requirements in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2009. The new rules may not be applied to disclosures in quarterly reports prior to the first annual report in which the revised disclosures are required. We are currently in the process of evaluating the new requirements.

Also in December 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 132(R)-1, “Employers Disclosures about Postretirement Benefit Plan Assets” which provides guidance on an employer’s disclosures about plan assets of a defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. This would require additional disclosures about investment policies and strategies, the reporting of fair value by asset category and other information about fair value measurements. The FSP is effective January 1, 2009 and early application is permitted. Upon initial application, the provisions of FSP FAS 132(R)-1 are not required for earlier periods that are presented for comparative purposes. We will expand our disclosures in accordance with FSP FAS 132(R)-1 in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2009; however, the adoption of this standard is not expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

In November 2008, the FASB ratified EITF 08-6, “Equity Method Investment Accounting Considerations” (“EITF 08-6”) which clarifies how to account for certain transactions involving equity method investments. The initial measurement, decreases in value and changes in the level of ownership of the equity method investment are addressed. EITF 08-6 is effective on a prospective basis for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2009 and interim periods within the years. Early application by an entity that has previously adopted an alternative accounting policy is not permitted. Since this standard will be applied prospectively, adoption is not expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

In June 2008, the FASB issued FSP on Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) 03-6-1, “Determining Whether Instruments Granted in Share-Based Payment Transactions Are Participating Securities” (“FSP EITF 03-6-1”) which provides that unvested share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) are participating securities and, therefore, need to be included in the earnings allocation in computing earnings per share (“EPS”) under the two-class method. FSP EITF 03-6-1 is effective January 1, 2009, and all prior-period EPS data (including any amounts related to interim periods, summaries of earnings and selected financial data) will be adjusted retrospectively to conform to its provisions. Early application of FSP EITF 03-6-1 is not permitted. Although restricted stock awards meet this definition of participating securities, we do not expect application of FSP EITF 03-6-1 to have a significant impact on our reported EPS.

In April 2008, the FASB issued FSP on FAS 142-3 (“FSP FAS 142-3”) which amends the factors that should be considered in developing renewal or extension assumptions used to determine the useful life of a recognized intangible asset under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.” The intent of this FSP is to improve the consistency between the useful life of a recognized intangible asset and the period of expected cash flows used to measure the fair value of the asset. FSP FAS 142-3 is effective on January 1, 2009, early adoption is prohibited. The provisions of FSP FAS 142-3 are to be applied prospectively to intangible assets acquired after the effective date, except for the disclosure requirements which must be applied prospectively to all intangible assets recognized as of, and subsequent to, the effective date. Since this standard will be applied prospectively, adoption is not expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities – an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133.” This statement expands the disclosure requirements for derivative instruments to provide information regarding (i) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, (ii) how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for under SFAS No. 133 and its related interpretations and (iii) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance and cash flows. To meet these objectives, the statement requires qualitative disclosures about objectives and strategies for using derivatives, quantitative disclosures about fair value amounts and gains and losses on derivative instruments and disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative agreements. This standard is effective January 1, 2009. The statement encourages but does not require disclosures for earlier periods presented for comparative purposes at initial adoption. We will expand our disclosures in accordance with SFAS No. 161 beginning in the first quarter of 2009; however, the adoption of this standard is not expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (Revised 2007), “Business Combinations” (“SFAS No. 141 (R)”). This statement significantly changes the accounting for business combinations. Under SFAS No.141(R), an acquiring entity will be required to recognize all the assets acquired, liabilities assumed and any non-controlling

 

67


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

interest in the acquiree at their acquisition-date fair value with limited exceptions. The statement expands the definition of a business and is expected to be applicable to more transactions than the previous business combinations standard. The statement also changes the accounting treatment for changes in control, step acquisitions, transaction costs, acquired contingent liabilities, in-process research and development, restructuring costs, changes in deferred tax asset valuation allowances as a result of a business combination and changes in income tax uncertainties after the acquisition date. Accounting for changes in valuation allowances for acquired deferred tax assets and the resolution of uncertain tax positions for prior business combinations will impact tax expense instead of impacting recorded goodwill. Additional disclosures are also required. SFAS No. 141(R) is effective on January 1, 2009, for all new business combinations. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

Also in December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements – An Amendment of ARB No. 51.” This statement establishes new accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. Specifically, this statement clarifies that a noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary (sometimes called a minority interest) is an ownership interest in the consolidated entity that should be reported as equity in the consolidated financial statements, but separate from the parent’s equity. It requires that the amount of consolidated net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest be clearly identified and presented on the face of the consolidated income statement. SFAS No. 160 clarifies that changes in a parent’s ownership interest in a subsidiary that do not result in deconsolidation are equity transactions if the parent retains its controlling financial interest. In addition, this statement requires that a parent recognize a gain or loss in net income when a subsidiary is deconsolidated, based on the fair value of the noncontrolling equity investment on the deconsolidation date. Additional disclosures are required that clearly identify and distinguish between the interests of the parent and the interests of the noncontrolling owners. SFAS No. 160 is effective January 1, 2009, and early adoption is prohibited. The statement must be applied prospectively, except for the presentation and disclosure requirements which must be applied retrospectively for all periods presented in consolidated financial statements. We do not have significant noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries, and therefore, adoption of this standard is not expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

 

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Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

We are exposed to market risks related to the volatility of crude oil, natural gas and refined product prices. We employ various strategies, including the use of commodity derivative instruments, to manage the risks related to these price fluctuations. We are also exposed to market risks related to changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. We employ various strategies, including the use of financial derivative instruments, to manage the risks related to these fluctuations. We are at risk for changes in the fair value of all of our derivative instruments; however, such risk should be mitigated by price or rate changes related to the underlying commodity or financial transaction.

We believe that our use of derivative instruments, along with our risk assessment procedures and internal controls, does not expose us to material adverse consequences. While the use of derivative instruments could materially affect our results of operations in particular quarterly or annual periods, we believe that the use of these instruments will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position or liquidity.

Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In December 2008, the SEC announced that it had approved revisions to its oil and gas reporting disclosures. The new disclosure requirements include provisions that:

 

   

Introduce a new definition of oil and gas producing activities. This new definition allows companies to include in their reserve base volumes from unconventional resources. Such unconventional resources include bitumen extracted from oil sands and oil and gas extracted from coal beds and shale formations.

 

   

Report oil and gas reserves using an unweighted average price using the prior 12-month period, based on the closing prices on the first day of each month, rather than year-end prices. The SEC indicated that they will continue to communicate with the FASB staff to align their accounting standards with these rules. The FASB currently requires a single-day, year-end price for accounting purposes.

 

   

Permit companies to disclose their probable and possible reserves on a voluntary basis. In the past, proved reserves were the only reserves allowed in the disclosures.

 

   

Require companies to provide additional disclosure regarding the aging of proved undeveloped reserves.

 

   

Permit the use of reliable technologies to determine proved reserves if those technologies have been demonstrated empirically to lead to reliable conclusions about reserves volumes.

 

   

Replace the existing “certainty” test for areas beyond one offsetting drilling unit from a productive well with a “reasonable certainty” test.

 

   

Require additional disclosures regarding the qualifications of the chief technical person who oversees the company’s overall reserve estimation process. Additionally, disclosures regarding internal controls surrounding reserve estimation, as well as a report addressing the independence and qualifications of its reserves preparer or auditor will be mandatory.

 

   

Require separate disclosure of reserves in foreign countries if they represent more than 15 percent of total proved reserves, based on barrels of oil equivalents.

 

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Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

If finalized, we will apply the new disclosure requirements in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2009. The new rules may not be applied to disclosures in quarterly reports prior to the first annual report in which the revised disclosures are required. We are currently in the process of evaluating the new requirements.

Also in December 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 132(R)-1, “Employers Disclosures about Postretirement Benefit Plan Assets” which provides guidance on an employer’s disclosures about plan assets of a defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. This would require additional disclosures about investment policies and strategies, the reporting of fair value by asset category and other information about fair value measurements. The FSP is effective January 1, 2009 and early application is permitted. Upon initial application, the provisions of FSP FAS 132(R)-1 are not required for earlier periods that are presented for comparative purposes. We will expand our disclosures in accordance with FSP FAS 132(R)-1 in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2009; however, the adoption of this standard is not expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

In November 2008, the FASB ratified EITF 08-6, “Equity Method Investment Accounting Considerations” (“EITF 08-6”) which clarifies how to account for certain transactions involving equity method investments. The initial measurement, decreases in value and changes in the level of ownership of the equity method investment are addressed. EITF 08-6 is effective on a prospective basis for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2009 and interim periods within the years. Early application by an entity that has previously adopted an alternative accounting policy is not permitted. Since this standard will be applied prospectively, adoption is not expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

In June 2008, the FASB issued FSP on Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) 03-6-1, “Determining Whether Instruments Granted in Share-Based Payment Transactions Are Participating Securities” (“FSP EITF 03-6-1”) which provides that unvested share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) are participating securities and, therefore, need to be included in the earnings allocation in computing earnings per share (“EPS”) under the two-class method. FSP EITF 03-6-1 is effective January 1, 2009, and all prior-period EPS data (including any amounts related to interim periods, summaries of earnings and selected financial data) will be adjusted retrospectively to conform to its provisions. Early application of FSP EITF 03-6-1 is not permitted. Although restricted stock awards meet this definition of participating securities, we do not expect application of FSP EITF 03-6-1 to have a significant impact on our reported EPS.

In April 2008, the FASB issued FSP on FAS 142-3 (“FSP FAS 142-3”) which amends the factors that should be considered in developing renewal or extension assumptions used to determine the useful life of a recognized intangible asset under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.” The intent of this FSP is to improve the consistency between the useful life of a recognized intangible asset and the period of expected cash flows used to measure the fair value of the asset. FSP FAS 142-3 is effective on January 1, 2009, early adoption is prohibited. The provisions of FSP FAS 142-3 are to be applied prospectively to intangible assets acquired after the effective date, except for the disclosure requirements which must be applied prospectively to all intangible assets recognized as of, and subsequent to, the effective date. Since this standard will be applied prospectively, adoption is not expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities – an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133.” This statement expands the disclosure requirements for derivative instruments to provide information regarding (i) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, (ii) how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for under SFAS No. 133 and its related interpretations and (iii) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance and cash flows. To meet these objectives, the statement requires qualitative disclosures about objectives and strategies for using derivatives, quantitative disclosures about fair value amounts and gains and losses on derivative instruments and disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative agreements. This standard is effective January 1, 2009. The statement encourages but does not require disclosures for earlier periods presented for comparative purposes at initial adoption. We will expand our disclosures in accordance with SFAS No. 161 beginning in the first quarter of 2009; however, the adoption of this standard is not expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (Revised 2007), “Business Combinations” (“SFAS No. 141 (R)”). This statement significantly changes the accounting for business combinations. Under SFAS No.141(R), an acquiring entity will be required to recognize all the assets acquired, liabilities assumed and any non-controlling

 

67


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

interest in the acquiree at their acquisition-date fair value with limited exceptions. The statement expands the definition of a business and is expected to be applicable to more transactions than the previous business combinations standard. The statement also changes the accounting treatment for changes in control, step acquisitions, transaction costs, acquired contingent liabilities, in-process research and development, restructuring costs, changes in deferred tax asset valuation allowances as a result of a business combination and changes in income tax uncertainties after the acquisition date. Accounting for changes in valuation allowances for acquired deferred tax assets and the resolution of uncertain tax positions for prior business combinations will impact tax expense instead of impacting recorded goodwill. Additional disclosures are also required. SFAS No. 141(R) is effective on January 1, 2009, for all new business combinations. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

Also in December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements – An Amendment of ARB No. 51.” This statement establishes new accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. Specifically, this statement clarifies that a noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary (sometimes called a minority interest) is an ownership interest in the consolidated entity that should be reported as equity in the consolidated financial statements, but separate from the parent’s equity. It requires that the amount of consolidated net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest be clearly identified and presented on the face of the consolidated income statement. SFAS No. 160 clarifies that changes in a parent’s ownership interest in a subsidiary that do not result in deconsolidation are equity transactions if the parent retains its controlling financial interest. In addition, this statement requires that a parent recognize a gain or loss in net income when a subsidiary is deconsolidated, based on the fair value of the noncontrolling equity investment on the deconsolidation date. Additional disclosures are required that clearly identify and distinguish between the interests of the parent and the interests of the noncontrolling owners. SFAS No. 160 is effective January 1, 2009, and early adoption is prohibited. The statement must be applied prospectively, except for the presentation and disclosure requirements which must be applied retrospectively for all periods presented in consolidated financial statements. We do not have significant noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries, and therefore, adoption of this standard is not expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

 

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Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

We are exposed to market risks related to the volatility of crude oil, natural gas and refined product prices. We employ various strategies, including the use of commodity derivative instruments, to manage the risks related to these price fluctuations. We are also exposed to market risks related to changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. We employ various strategies, including the use of financial derivative instruments, to manage the risks related to these fluctuations. We are at risk for changes in the fair value of all of our derivative instruments; however, such risk should be mitigated by price or rate changes related to the underlying commodity or financial transaction.

We believe that our use of derivative instruments, along with our risk assessment procedures and internal controls, does not expose us to material adverse consequences. While the use of derivative instruments could materially affect our results of operations in particular quarterly or annual periods, we believe that the use of these instruments will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position or liquidity.

28. Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In December 2008, the SEC announced that it had approved revisions to its oil and gas reporting disclosures. The new disclosure requirements include provisions that:

 

   

Introduce a new definition of oil and gas producing activities. This new definition allows companies to include in their reserve base volumes from unconventional resources. Such unconventional resources include bitumen extracted from oil sands and oil and gas extracted from coal beds and shale formations.

 

   

Report oil and gas reserves using an unweighted average price using the prior 12-month period, based on the closing prices on the first day of each month, rather than year-end prices. The SEC indicated that they will continue to communicate with the FASB staff to align their accounting standards with these rules. The FASB currently requires a single-day, year-end price for accounting purposes.

 

   

Permit companies to disclose their probable and possible reserves on a voluntary basis. In the past, proved reserves were the only reserves allowed in the disclosures.

 

   

Require companies to provide additional disclosure regarding the aging of proved undeveloped reserves.

 

   

Permit the use of reliable technologies to determine proved reserves if those technologies have been demonstrated empirically to lead to reliable conclusions about reserves volumes.

 

   

Replace the existing “certainty” test for areas beyond one offsetting drilling unit from a productive well with a “reasonable certainty” test.

 

   

Require additional disclosures regarding the qualifications of the chief technical person who oversees the company’s overall reserve estimation process. Additionally, disclosures regarding internal controls surrounding reserve estimation, as well as a report addressing the independence and qualifications of its reserves preparer or auditor will be mandatory.

 

   

Require separate disclosure of reserves in foreign countries if they represent more than 15 percent of total proved reserves, based on barrels of oil equivalents.

If finalized, we will begin complying with the disclosure requirements in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2009. The new rules may not be applied to disclosures in quarterly reports prior to the first annual report in which the revised disclosures are required. We are currently in the process of evaluating the new requirements.

Also in December 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 132(R)-1, “Employers Disclosures about Postretirement Benefit Plan Assets” which provides guidance on an employer’s disclosures about plan assets of a defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. This would require additional disclosures about investment policies and strategies, the reporting of fair value by asset category and other information about fair value measurements. The FSP is effective January 1, 2009 and early application is permitted. Upon initial application, the provisions of FSP FAS 132(R)-1 are not required for earlier periods that are presented for comparative purposes. We will expand our disclosures in accordance with FSP FAS 132(R)-1 in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2009; however, the adoption of this standard is not expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

In November 2008, the FASB ratified EITF 08-6, “Equity Method Investment Accounting Considerations” (“EITF 08-6”) which clarifies how to account for certain transactions involving equity method investments. The initial measurement, decreases in value and changes in the level of ownership of the equity method investment are addressed. EITF 08-6 is effective on a prospective basis for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2009 and interim periods within the years. Early application by an entity that has previously adopted an alternative accounting policy is not permitted. Since this standard will be applied prospectively, adoption is not expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations financial position or cash flows.

In June 2008, the FASB issued FSP on EITF 03-6-1, “Determining Whether Instruments Granted in Share-Based Payment Transactions Are Participating Securities” (“FSP EITF 03-6-1”) which provides that unvested share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) are participating securities and, therefore, need to be included in the earnings allocation in computing earnings per share (“EPS”) under the two-class method. FSP EITF 03-6-1 is effective January 1, 2009 and all prior-period EPS data (including any amounts related to interim periods, summaries of earnings and selected financial data) will be adjusted retrospectively to conform to its provisions. Early application of FSP EITF 03-6-1 is not

 

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Index to Financial Statements

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 

permitted. Although restricted stock awards meet this definition of participating securities, we do not expect application of FSP EITF 03-6-1 to have a significant impact on our reported EPS.

In April 2008, the FASB issued FSP on FAS 142-3 (“FSP FAS 142-3”) which amends the factors that should be considered in developing renewal or extension assumptions used to determine the useful life of a recognized intangible asset under SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.” The intent of this FSP is to improve the consistency between the useful life of a recognized intangible asset and the period of expected cash flows used to measure the fair value of the asset. FSP FAS 142-3 is effective on January 1, 2009, early adoption is prohibited. The provisions of FSP FAS 142-3 are to be applied prospectively to intangible assets acquired after the effective date, except for the disclosure requirements which must be applied prospectively to all intangible assets recognized as of, and subsequent to, the effective date. Since this standard will be applied prospectively, adoption is not expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities – an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133.” This statement expands the disclosure requirements for derivative instruments to provide information regarding (i) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, (ii) how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for under SFAS No. 133 and its related interpretations and (iii) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance and cash flows. To meet these objectives, the statement requires qualitative disclosures about objectives and strategies for using derivatives, quantitative disclosures about fair value amounts and gains and losses on derivative instruments and disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative agreements. This standard is effective January 1, 2009. The statement encourages but does not require disclosures for earlier periods presented for comparative purposes at initial adoption. We will expand our disclosures in accordance with SFAS No. 161 beginning in the first quarter of 2009; however, the adoption of this standard is not expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (Revised 2007), “Business Combinations” (“SFAS No. 141 (R)”). This statement significantly changes the accounting for business combinations. Under SFAS No. 141(R), an acquiring entity will be required to recognize all the assets acquired, liabilities assumed and any non-controlling interest in the acquiree at their acquisition-date fair value with limited exceptions. The statement expands the definition of a business and is expected to be applicable to more transactions than the previous business combinations standard. The statement also changes the accounting treatment for changes in control, step acquisitions, transaction costs, acquired contingent liabilities, in-process research and development, restructuring costs, changes in deferred tax asset valuation allowances as a result of a business combination and changes in income tax uncertainties after the acquisition date. Accounting for changes in valuation allowances for acquired deferred tax assets and the resolution of uncertain tax positions for prior business combinations will impact tax expense instead of impacting recorded goodwill. Additional disclosures are also required. SFAS No. 141(R) is effective on January 1, 2009 for all new business combinations. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

Also in December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements—An Amendment of ARB No. 51.” This statement establishes new accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. Specifically, this statement clarifies that a noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary (sometimes called a minority interest) is an ownership interest in the consolidated entity that should be reported as equity in the consolidated financial statements, but separate from the parent’s equity. It requires that the amount of consolidated net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest be clearly identified and presented on the face of the consolidated income statement. SFAS No. 160 clarifies that changes in a parent’s ownership interest in a subsidiary that do not result in deconsolidation are equity transactions if the parent retains its controlling financial interest. In addition, this statement requires that a parent recognize a gain or loss in net income when a subsidiary is deconsolidated, based on the fair value of the noncontrolling equity investment on the deconsolidation date. Additional disclosures are required that clearly identify and distinguish between the interests of the parent and the interests of the noncontrolling owners. SFAS No. 160 is effective January 1, 2009 and early adoption is prohibited. The statement must be applied prospectively, except for the presentation and disclosure requirements which must be applied retrospectively for all periods presented in consolidated financial statements. We do not have significant noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries, and therefore, adoption of this standard is not expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

 

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Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

28. Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In December 2008, the SEC announced that it had approved revisions to its oil and gas reporting disclosures. The new disclosure requirements include provisions that:

 

   

Introduce a new definition of oil and gas producing activities. This new definition allows companies to include in their reserve base volumes from unconventional resources. Such unconventional resources include bitumen extracted from oil sands and oil and gas extracted from coal beds and shale formations.

 

   

Report oil and gas reserves using an unweighted average price using the prior 12-month period, based on the closing prices on the first day of each month, rather than year-end prices. The SEC indicated that they will continue to communicate with the FASB staff to align their accounting standards with these rules. The FASB currently requires a single-day, year-end price for accounting purposes.

 

   

Permit companies to disclose their probable and possible reserves on a voluntary basis. In the past, proved reserves were the only reserves allowed in the disclosures.

 

   

Require companies to provide additional disclosure regarding the aging of proved undeveloped reserves.

 

   

Permit the use of reliable technologies to determine proved reserves if those technologies have been demonstrated empirically to lead to reliable conclusions about reserves volumes.

 

   

Replace the existing “certainty” test for areas beyond one offsetting drilling unit from a productive well with a “reasonable certainty” test.

 

   

Require additional disclosures regarding the qualifications of the chief technical person who oversees the company’s overall reserve estimation process. Additionally, disclosures regarding internal controls surrounding reserve estimation, as well as a report addressing the independence and qualifications of its reserves preparer or auditor will be mandatory.

 

   

Require separate disclosure of reserves in foreign countries if they represent more than 15 percent of total proved reserves, based on barrels of oil equivalents.

If finalized, we will begin complying with the disclosure requirements in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2009. The new rules may not be applied to disclosures in quarterly reports prior to the first annual report in which the revised disclosures are required. We are currently in the process of evaluating the new requirements.

Also in December 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 132(R)-1, “Employers Disclosures about Postretirement Benefit Plan Assets” which provides guidance on an employer’s disclosures about plan assets of a defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. This would require additional disclosures about investment policies and strategies, the reporting of fair value by asset category and other information about fair value measurements. The FSP is effective January 1, 2009 and early application is permitted. Upon initial application, the provisions of FSP FAS 132(R)-1 are not required for earlier periods that are presented for comparative purposes. We will expand our disclosures in accordance with FSP FAS 132(R)-1 in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2009; however, the adoption of this standard is not expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

In November 2008, the FASB ratified EITF 08-6, “Equity Method Investment Accounting Considerations” (“EITF 08-6”) which clarifies how to account for certain transactions involving equity method investments. The initial measurement, decreases in value and changes in the level of ownership of the equity method investment are addressed. EITF 08-6 is effective on a prospective basis for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2009 and interim periods within the years. Early application by an entity that has previously adopted an alternative accounting policy is not permitted. Since this standard will be applied prospectively, adoption is not expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations financial position or cash flows.

In June 2008, the FASB issued FSP on EITF 03-6-1, “Determining Whether Instruments Granted in Share-Based Payment Transactions Are Participating Securities” (“FSP EITF 03-6-1”) which provides that unvested share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) are participating securities and, therefore, need to be included in the earnings allocation in computing earnings per share (“EPS”) under the two-class method. FSP EITF 03-6-1 is effective January 1, 2009 and all prior-period EPS data (including any amounts related to interim periods, summaries of earnings and selected financial data) will be adjusted retrospectively to conform to its provisions. Early application of FSP EITF 03-6-1 is not

 

119


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 

permitted. Although restricted stock awards meet this definition of participating securities, we do not expect application of FSP EITF 03-6-1 to have a significant impact on our reported EPS.

In April 2008, the FASB issued FSP on FAS 142-3 (“FSP FAS 142-3”) which amends the factors that should be considered in developing renewal or extension assumptions used to determine the useful life of a recognized intangible asset under SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.” The intent of this FSP is to improve the consistency between the useful life of a recognized intangible asset and the period of expected cash flows used to measure the fair value of the asset. FSP FAS 142-3 is effective on January 1, 2009, early adoption is prohibited. The provisions of FSP FAS 142-3 are to be applied prospectively to intangible assets acquired after the effective date, except for the disclosure requirements which must be applied prospectively to all intangible assets recognized as of, and subsequent to, the effective date. Since this standard will be applied prospectively, adoption is not expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities – an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133.” This statement expands the disclosure requirements for derivative instruments to provide information regarding (i) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, (ii) how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for under SFAS No. 133 and its related interpretations and (iii) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance and cash flows. To meet these objectives, the statement requires qualitative disclosures about objectives and strategies for using derivatives, quantitative disclosures about fair value amounts and gains and losses on derivative instruments and disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative agreements. This standard is effective January 1, 2009. The statement encourages but does not require disclosures for earlier periods presented for comparative purposes at initial adoption. We will expand our disclosures in accordance with SFAS No. 161 beginning in the first quarter of 2009; however, the adoption of this standard is not expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (Revised 2007), “Business Combinations” (“SFAS No. 141 (R)”). This statement significantly changes the accounting for business combinations. Under SFAS No. 141(R), an acquiring entity will be required to recognize all the assets acquired, liabilities assumed and any non-controlling interest in the acquiree at their acquisition-date fair value with limited exceptions. The statement expands the definition of a business and is expected to be applicable to more transactions than the previous business combinations standard. The statement also changes the accounting treatment for changes in control, step acquisitions, transaction costs, acquired contingent liabilities, in-process research and development, restructuring costs, changes in deferred tax asset valuation allowances as a result of a business combination and changes in income tax uncertainties after the acquisition date. Accounting for changes in valuation allowances for acquired deferred tax assets and the resolution of uncertain tax positions for prior business combinations will impact tax expense instead of impacting recorded goodwill. Additional disclosures are also required. SFAS No. 141(R) is effective on January 1, 2009 for all new business combinations. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

Also in December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements—An Amendment of ARB No. 51.” This statement establishes new accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. Specifically, this statement clarifies that a noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary (sometimes called a minority interest) is an ownership interest in the consolidated entity that should be reported as equity in the consolidated financial statements, but separate from the parent’s equity. It requires that the amount of consolidated net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest be clearly identified and presented on the face of the consolidated income statement. SFAS No. 160 clarifies that changes in a parent’s ownership interest in a subsidiary that do not result in deconsolidation are equity transactions if the parent retains its controlling financial interest. In addition, this statement requires that a parent recognize a gain or loss in net income when a subsidiary is deconsolidated, based on the fair value of the noncontrolling equity investment on the deconsolidation date. Additional disclosures are required that clearly identify and distinguish between the interests of the parent and the interests of the noncontrolling owners. SFAS No. 160 is effective January 1, 2009 and early adoption is prohibited. The statement must be applied prospectively, except for the presentation and disclosure requirements which must be applied retrospectively for all periods presented in consolidated financial statements. We do not have significant noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries, and therefore, adoption of this standard is not expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

 

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28. Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="2">In December 2008, the SEC announced that it had approved revisions to its oil and gas reporting disclosures. The new disclosure requirements include provisions that:

STYLE="font-size:6px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"> 







  

Introduce a new definition of oil and gas producing activities. This new definition allows companies to include in their reserve base volumes from unconventional
resources. Such unconventional resources include bitumen extracted from oil sands and oil and gas extracted from coal beds and shale formations.

 







  

Report oil and gas reserves using an unweighted average price using the prior 12-month period, based on the closing prices on the first day of each month, rather
than year-end prices. The SEC indicated that they will continue to communicate with the FASB staff to align their accounting standards with these rules. The FASB currently requires a single-day, year-end price for accounting purposes.

 







  

Permit companies to disclose their probable and possible reserves on a voluntary basis. In the past, proved reserves were the only reserves allowed in the
disclosures.

 







  

Require companies to provide additional disclosure regarding the aging of proved undeveloped reserves.

STYLE="font-size:6px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"> 







  

Permit the use of reliable technologies to determine proved reserves if those technologies have been demonstrated empirically to lead to reliable conclusions about
reserves volumes.

 







  

Replace the existing “certainty” test for areas beyond one offsetting drilling unit from a productive well with a “reasonable certainty” test.

 







  

Require additional disclosures regarding the qualifications of the chief technical person who oversees the company’s overall reserve estimation process.
Additionally, disclosures regarding internal controls surrounding reserve estimation, as well as a report addressing the independence and qualifications of its reserves preparer or auditor will be mandatory.

STYLE="font-size:6px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"> 







  

Require separate disclosure of reserves in foreign countries if they represent more than 15 percent of total proved reserves, based on barrels of oil equivalents.

If finalized, we will begin complying with the disclosure requirements in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year
ending December 31, 2009. The new rules may not be applied to disclosures in quarterly reports prior to the first annual report in which the revised disclosures are required. We are currently in the process of evaluating the new requirements.

Also in December 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 132(R)-1, “Employers Disclosures about Postretirement Benefit Plan Assets” which
provides guidance on an employer’s disclosures about plan assets of a defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. This would require additional disclosures about investment policies and strategies, the reporting of fair value by
asset category and other information about fair value measurements. The FSP is effective January 1, 2009 and early application is permitted. Upon initial application, the provisions of FSP FAS 132(R)-1 are not required for earlier periods that
are presented for comparative purposes. We will expand our disclosures in accordance with FSP FAS 132(R)-1 in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2009; however, the adoption of this standard is not expected to have a
significant impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

In November 2008, the FASB ratified EITF
08-6, “Equity Method Investment Accounting Considerations” (“EITF 08-6”) which clarifies how to account for certain transactions involving equity method investments. The initial measurement, decreases in value and changes in the
level of ownership of the equity method investment are addressed. EITF 08-6 is effective on a prospective basis for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2009 and interim periods within the years. Early application by an entity that has
previously adopted an alternative accounting policy is not permitted. Since this standard will be applied prospectively, adoption is not expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations financial position or cash
flows.

In June 2008, the FASB issued FSP on EITF 03-6-1, “Determining Whether Instruments Granted in Share-Based Payment Transactions
Are Participating Securities” (“FSP EITF 03-6-1”) which provides that unvested share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) are participating securities
and, therefore, need to be included in the earnings allocation in computing earnings per share (“EPS”) under the two-class method. FSP EITF 03-6-1 is effective January 1, 2009 and all prior-period EPS data (including any amounts
related to interim periods, summaries of earnings and selected financial data) will be adjusted retrospectively to conform to its provisions. Early application of FSP EITF 03-6-1 is not

 


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MARATHON OIL CORPORATION

ALIGN="center">Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 



permitted. Although restricted stock awards meet this definition of participating securities, we do not expect application of FSP EITF 03-6-1 to have a
significant impact on our reported EPS.

In April 2008, the FASB issued FSP on FAS 142-3 (“FSP FAS 142-3”)
which amends the factors that should be considered in developing renewal or extension assumptions used to determine the useful life of a recognized intangible asset under SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.” The
intent of this FSP is to improve the consistency between the useful life of a recognized intangible asset and the period of expected cash flows used to measure the fair value of the asset. FSP FAS 142-3 is effective on January 1,
2009, early adoption is prohibited. The provisions of FSP FAS 142-3 are to be applied prospectively to intangible assets acquired after the effective date, except for the disclosure requirements which must be applied prospectively to all
intangible assets recognized as of, and subsequent to, the effective date. Since this standard will be applied prospectively, adoption is not expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or
cash flows.

In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities –
an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133.” This statement expands the disclosure requirements for derivative instruments to provide information regarding (i) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, (ii) how
derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for under SFAS No. 133 and its related interpretations and (iii) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, financial
performance and cash flows. To meet these objectives, the statement requires qualitative disclosures about objectives and strategies for using derivatives, quantitative disclosures about fair value amounts and gains and losses on derivative
instruments and disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative agreements. This standard is effective January 1, 2009. The statement encourages but does not require disclosures for earlier periods presented
for comparative purposes at initial adoption. We will expand our disclosures in accordance with SFAS No. 161 beginning in the first quarter of 2009; however, the adoption of this standard is not expected to have a significant impact on our
consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (Revised 2007),
“Business Combinations” (“SFAS No. 141 (R)”). This statement significantly changes the accounting for business combinations. Under SFAS No. 141(R), an acquiring entity will be required to recognize all the assets
acquired, liabilities assumed and any non-controlling interest in the acquiree at their acquisition-date fair value with limited exceptions. The statement expands the definition of a business and is expected to be applicable to more transactions
than the previous business combinations standard. The statement also changes the accounting treatment for changes in control, step acquisitions, transaction costs, acquired contingent liabilities, in-process research and development, restructuring
costs, changes in deferred tax asset valuation allowances as a result of a business combination and changes in income tax uncertainties after the acquisition date. Accounting for changes in valuation allowances for acquired deferred tax assets
and the resolution of uncertain tax positions for prior business combinations will impact tax expense instead of impacting recorded goodwill. Additional disclosures are also required. SFAS No. 141(R) is effective on January 1, 2009
for all new business combinations. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:3%">Also in December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements—An Amendment of ARB
No. 51.” This statement establishes new accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. Specifically, this statement clarifies that a noncontrolling
interest in a subsidiary (sometimes called a minority interest) is an ownership interest in the consolidated entity that should be reported as equity in the consolidated financial statements, but separate from the parent’s equity. It
requires that the amount of consolidated net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest be clearly identified and presented on the face of the consolidated income statement. SFAS No. 160 clarifies that changes in a parent’s
ownership interest in a subsidiary that do not result in deconsolidation are equity transactions if the parent retains its controlling financial interest. In addition, this statement requires that a parent recognize a gain or loss in net income
when a subsidiary is deconsolidated, based on the fair value of the noncontrolling equity investment on the deconsolidation date. Additional disclosures are required that clearly identify and distinguish between the interests of the parent and
the interests of the noncontrolling owners. SFAS No. 160 is effective January 1, 2009 and early adoption is prohibited. The statement must be applied prospectively, except for the presentation and disclosure requirements which
must be applied retrospectively for all periods presented in consolidated financial statements. We do not have significant noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries, and therefore, adoption of this standard is not expected to have a
significant impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

 


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Index to Financial Statements


These excerpts taken from the MRO 10-K filed Feb 29, 2008.

Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="2">In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (Revised 2007), “Business Combinations.” This statement significantly changes the accounting for business combinations. Under SFAS No. 141(R), an acquiring
entity will be required to recognize all the assets acquired, liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree at their acquisition-date fair values with limited exceptions. The statement expands the definition of a business and
is expected to be applicable to more transactions than the previous business combinations standard. The statement also changes the accounting treatment for changes in control, step acquisitions, transaction costs, acquired contingent liabilities,
in-process research and development, restructuring costs, changes in deferred tax asset valuation allowances as a result of a business combination and changes in income tax uncertainties after the acquisition date. Additional disclosures are also
required. For us, SFAS No. 141(R) will be applied prospectively effective January 1, 2009.

Also in December 2007, the FASB
issued SFAS No. 160 “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements — An Amendment of ARB No. 51.” This statement establishes new accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a
subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. Specifically, this statement clarifies that a noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary (sometimes called a minority interest) is an ownership interest in the consolidated entity that should be
reported as equity in the consolidated financial statements, but separate from the parent’s equity. It requires that the amount of consolidated net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest be clearly identified and presented on the
face of the consolidated income statement. SFAS No. 160 clarifies that changes in a parent’s ownership interest in a subsidiary that do not result in deconsolidation are equity transactions if the parent retains its controlling financial
interest. In addition, this statement requires that a parent recognize a gain or loss in net income when a subsidiary is deconsolidated, based on the fair value of the noncontrolling equity investment on the deconsolidation date. Additional
disclosures are required that clearly identify and distinguish between the interests of the parent and the interests of the noncontrolling owners. For us, SFAS No. 160 will be effective January 1, 2009 and early adoption is prohibited. The
statement must be applied prospectively, except for the presentation and disclosure requirements which must be applied retrospectively for all periods presented in consolidated financial statements. We are currently evaluating the provisions of this
statement.

In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial
Liabilities.” This statement permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value that are not currently required to be measured at fair value. It requires that unrealized gains and losses on
items for which the fair value option has been elected be recorded in net income. The statement also establishes presentation and disclosure requirements designed to facilitate comparisons between entities that choose different measurement
attributes for similar types of assets and liabilities. For us, SFAS No. 159 is effective January 1, 2008, and retrospective application is not permitted. We did not elect the fair value option when this standard became effective.

In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements.” This statement defines fair value, establishes
a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 does not require any new fair value measurements but may require some entities to change their
measurement practices. In February 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) FAS 157-1, “Application of FASB Statement No. 157 to FASB Statement No. 13 and Other Accounting Pronouncements That Address Fair Value
Measurements for Purposes of Lease Classification or Measurement under Statement 13,” which removes certain leasing transactions from the scope of SFAS No. 157, and FSP FAS 157-2, “Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157,”
which defers the effective date of SFAS No. 157 for one year for certain nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. For us,
except for the nonfinancial assets and liabilities subject to the one-year deferral, SFAS No. 157 is effective January 1, 2008. We do not expect adoption of this statement to have a significant effect on our consolidated results of
operations, financial position or cash flows.

 


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Item 7A.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

SIZE="2">We are exposed to market risks related to the volatility of crude oil, natural gas and refined product prices. We employ various strategies, including the use of commodity derivative instruments, to manage the risks related to these price
fluctuations. We are also exposed to market risks related to changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. We employ various strategies, including the use of financial derivative instruments, to manage the risks related to these
fluctuations. We are at risk for changes in the fair value of all of our derivative instruments; however, such risk should be mitigated by price or rate changes related to the underlying commodity or financial transaction.

STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:3%">We believe that our use of derivative instruments, along with our risk assessment procedures and internal controls, does not expose us to material
adverse consequences. While the use of derivative instruments could materially affect our results of operations in particular quarterly or annual periods, we believe that the use of these instruments will not have a material adverse effect on our
financial position or liquidity.

29. Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (Revised 2007), “Business Combinations” (“SFAS No. 141 (R)”). This statement significantly changes the accounting for business combinations. Under SFAS No.141(R), an acquiring entity will be required to recognize all the assets acquired, liabilities assumed and any non-controlling interest in the acquiree at their acquisition-date fair value with limited exceptions. The statement expands the definition of a business and is expected to be applicable to more transactions than the previous business combinations standard. The statement also changes the accounting treatment for changes in control, step acquisitions, transaction costs, acquired contingent liabilities, in-process research and development, restructuring costs, changes in deferred tax asset valuation allowances as a result of a business combination and changes in income tax uncertainties after the acquisition date. Additional disclosures are also required. For Marathon, SFAS No. 141(R) will be applied prospectively effective January 1, 2009.

Also in December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160 “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements – An Amendment of ARB No. 51.” This statement establishes new accounting and

 

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Index to Financial Statements

reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. Specifically, this statement clarifies that a noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary (sometimes called a minority interest) is an ownership interest in the consolidated entity that should be reported as equity in the consolidated financial statements, but separate from the parent’s equity. It requires that the amount of consolidated net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest be clearly identified and presented on the face of the consolidated income statement. SFAS No. 160 clarifies that changes in a parent’s ownership interest in a subsidiary that do not result in deconsolidation are equity transactions if the parent retains its controlling financial interest. In addition, this statement requires that a parent recognize a gain or loss in net income when a subsidiary is deconsolidated, based on the fair value of the noncontrolling equity investment on the deconsolidation date. Additional disclosures are required that clearly identify and distinguish between the interests of the parent and the interests of the noncontrolling owners. For Marathon, SFAS No. 160 will be effective January 1, 2009 and early adoption is prohibited. The statement must be applied prospectively, except for the presentation and disclosure requirements which must be applied retrospectively for all periods presented in consolidated financial statements. Marathon is currently evaluating the provisions of this statement.

In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” This statement permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value that are not currently required to be measured at fair value. It requires that unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected be recorded in net income. The statement also establishes presentation and disclosure requirements designed to facilitate comparisons between entities that choose different measurement attributes for similar types of assets and liabilities. For Marathon, SFAS No. 159 is effective January 1, 2008, and retrospective application is not permitted. Marathon did not elect the fair value option when this standard became effective.

In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements.” This statement defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 does not require any new fair value measurements but may require some entities to change their measurement practices. In February 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 157-1, “Application of FASB Statement No. 157 to FASB Statement No. 13 and Other Accounting Pronouncements That Address Fair Value Measurements for Purposes of Lease Classification or Measurement under Statement 13,” which removes certain leasing transactions from the scope of SFAS No. 157, and FSP FAS 157-2, “Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157,” which defers the effective date of SFAS No. 157 for one year for certain nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. For Marathon, except for the nonfinancial assets and liabilities subject to the one-year deferral, SFAS No. 157 is effective January 1, 2008. Marathon does not expect adoption of this statement to have a significant effect on its consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

 

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