Navios Maritime Holdings (NM)

Risk of Loss and Liability Insurance

General. The operation of any cargo vessel includes risks such as mechanical failure, physical damage, collision, property loss, cargo loss or damage and business interruption due to political circumstances in foreign countries, hostilities, and labor strikes. In addition, there is always an inherent possibility of marine disaster, including oil spills and other environmental mishaps, and the liabilities arising from owning and operating vessels in international trade. OPA, which imposes virtually unlimited liability upon owners, operators and demise charterers of any vessel trading in the United States exclusive economic zone for certain oil pollution accidents in the United States, has made liability insurance more expensive for ship owners and operators trading in the United States market. While management believes that Navios’s present insurance coverage is adequate, not all risks can be insured, and there can be no guarantee that any specific claim will be paid, or that Navios will always be able to obtain adequate insurance coverage at reasonable rates.

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Hull and Machinery and War Risk Insurances. Navios has marine hull and machinery and war risk insurance, which includes the risk of actual or constructive total loss, for all of the six owned vessels. Each of the owned vessels are covered up to at least fair market value, with a deductible for the hull and machinery insurance in the amount of $75,000. There are no deductibles for the war risk insurance. Navios has also arranged increased value insurance for most of the owned vessels. Under the increased value insurance, in case of total loss of the vessel, Navios will be able to recover the sum insured under the increased value policy in addition to the sum insured under the hull and machinery policy. Increased value insurance also covers excess liabilities that are not recoverable in full by the hull and machinery policies by reason of under insurance.

Protection and Indemnity Insurance. Protection and indemnity insurance is provided by mutual protection and indemnity associations, or P&I Associations, which covers Navios’s third party liabilities in connection with its shipping activities. This includes third-party liability and other related expenses of injury or death of crew, passengers and other third parties, loss or damage to cargo, claims arising from collisions with other vessels, damage to other third-party property, pollution arising from oil or other substances, and salvage, towing and other related costs, including wreck removal. Protection and indemnity insurance is a form of mutual indemnity insurance, extended by protection and indemnity mutual associations, or “clubs.” Subject to the “capping” discussed below, Navios’s coverage, except for pollution, is unlimited. Navios’s current protection and indemnity insurance coverage for pollution is $1.0 billion per vessel per incident. The fourteen P&I Associations that comprise the International Group insure approximately 90% of the world’s commercial tonnage and have entered into a pooling agreement to reinsure each association’s liabilities. As a member of a P&I Association, which is a member of the International Group, Navios is subject to calls payable to the associations based on its claim records as well as the claim records of all other members of the individual associations, and members of the pool of P&I Associations comprising the International Group.