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PARAGON SHIPPING INC 20-F 2008 Documents found in this filing:
1
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
2
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Paragon Shipping Inc., or the Company, desires to take advantage
of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of
1995 and is including this cautionary statement in connection with this safe
harbor legislation. This document and any other written or oral
statements made by us or on our behalf may include forward-looking statements,
which reflect our current views with respect to future events and financial
performance. The words “believe”, “except,” “anticipate,” “intends,”
“estimate,” “forecast,” “project,” “plan,” “potential,” “will,” “may,” “should,”
“expect” and similar expressions identify forward-looking
statements.
Please note
in this annual report, “we”, “us”, “our”, “The Company”, all refer to Paragon
Shipping Inc. and its subsidiaries.
The
forward-looking statements in this document are based upon various assumptions,
many of which are based, in turn, upon further assumptions, including without
limitation, management’s examination of historical operating trends, data
contained in our records and other data available from third
parties. Although we believe that these assumptions were reasonable
when made, because these assumptions are inherently subject to significant
uncertainties and contingencies which are difficult or impossible to predict and
are beyond our control, we cannot assure you that we will achieve or accomplish
these expectations, beliefs or projections.
In addition
to these important factors and matters discussed elsewhere herein, important
factors that, in our view, could cause actual results to differ materially from
those discussed in the forward-looking statements include the strength of world
economies, fluctuations in currencies and interest rates, general market
conditions, including fluctuations in charter hire rates and vessel values,
changes in demand in the dry-bulk shipping industry, changes in the Company's
operating expenses, including bunker prices, drydocking and insurance costs,
changes in governmental rules and regulations or actions taken by regulatory
authorities, potential liability from pending or future litigation, general
domestic and international political conditions, potential disruption of
shipping routes due to accidents or political events, and other important
factors described from time to time in the reports filed by the Company with the
Securities and Exchange Commission.
3
PART I
Item
1. Identity of Directors,
Senior Management and Advisers
Not
Applicable.
Item
2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable
Not
Applicable.
Item
3. Key Information
The
following table sets forth our selected consolidated financial data and other
operating data and are stated in U.S. dollars, other than share and fleet
data. The selected consolidated financial data in the table as of December 31,
2006 and 2007, for the period from inception (April 26, 2006) to
December 31, 2006 and for the year ended December 31, 2007, is derived from
our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto which have been
prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S.
GAAP”) and have been audited by Deloitte Hadjipavlou Sofianos &
Cambanis S.A., an independent registered public accounting firm and member of
Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu. The following data should be read in conjunction with
Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” the consolidated
financial statements, related notes and other financial information included
elsewhere in this annual report.
4
__________________________
5
6
Not
Applicable.
Not
Applicable.
Some of the
following risks relate principally to the industry in which we operate and our
business in general. Other risks relate principally to the securities market and
ownership of our common shares. The occurrence of any of the events described in
this section could significantly and negatively affect our business, financial
condition, operating results or cash available for dividends or the trading
price of our common shares.
Industry
Specific Risk Factors
Charter
hire rates for drybulk carriers may decrease in the future, which may adversely
affect our earnings
The
drybulk shipping industry is cyclical with attendant volatility in charter hire
rates and profitability. The degree of charter hire rate volatility among
different types of drybulk carriers has varied widely. Although charter hire
rates decreased slightly during 2005 and the first half of 2006, since
July 2006, charter rates have risen sharply and are currently near their
historical highs reached during October and November 2007. Charter hire rates
for Panamax and Capesize drybulk carriers have declined from their historical
high levels during the first quarter in 2008. Because we generally charter our
vessels pursuant to one-to two year time charters, we are exposed to changes in
spot market rates for drybulk carriers and such changes may affect our earnings
and the value of our drybulk carriers at any given time. We cannot assure you
that we will be able to successfully charter our vessels in the future or renew
existing charters at rates sufficient to allow us to meet our obligations or to
pay dividends to our shareholders. The supply of and demand for shipping
capacity strongly influences freight rates. Because the factors affecting the
supply and demand for vessels are outside of our control and are unpredictable,
the nature, timing, direction and degree of changes in industry conditions are
also unpredictable.
Factors
that influence demand for vessel capacity include:
7
The
factors that influence the supply of vessel capacity include:
In
addition to the prevailing and anticipated freight rates, factors that affect
the rate of newbuilding, scrapping and laying-up include newbuilding prices,
secondhand vessel values in relation to scrap prices, costs of bunkers and other
operating costs, costs associated with classification society surveys, normal
maintenance and insurance coverage, the efficiency and age profile of the
existing fleet in the market and government and industry regulation of maritime
transportation practices, particularly environmental protection laws and
regulations. These factors influencing the supply of and demand for shipping
capacity are outside of our control, and we may not be able to correctly assess
the nature, timing and degree of changes in industry conditions.
We
anticipate that the future demand for our drybulk carriers will be dependent
upon continued economic growth in the world's economies, including China and
India, seasonal and regional changes in demand, changes in the capacity of the
global drybulk carrier fleet and the sources and supply of drybulk cargo to be
transported by sea. The capacity of the global drybulk carrier fleet seems
likely to increase and there can be no assurance that economic growth will
continue. Adverse economic, political, social or other developments could have a
material adverse effect on our business and operating results.
An
over-supply of drybulk carrier capacity may lead to reductions in charter hire
rates and profitability
The
market supply of drybulk carriers has been increasing, and the number of drybulk
carriers on order are near historic highs. These newbuildings were delivered in
significant numbers starting at the beginning of 2006 and continued to be
delivered in significant numbers through 2007. As of January 2008,
newbuilding orders had been placed for an aggregate of more than 48.0% of the
current global drybulk fleet, with deliveries expected during the next 48
months. An over-supply of drybulk carrier capacity may result in a reduction of
charter hire rates. If such a reduction occurs, upon the expiration or
termination of our vessels’ current charters we may only be able to re-charter
our vessels at reduced or unprofitable rates or we may not be able to charter
these vessels at all.
An
economic slowdown in the Asia Pacific region could have a material adverse
effect on our business, financial position and results of
operations
A
significant number of the port calls made by our vessels involve the loading or
discharging of drybulk commodities in ports in the Asia Pacific
region. As a result, a negative change in economic conditions in any
Asia Pacific country, but particularly in China, may have an adverse effect on
our business, financial position and results of operations, as well as our
future prospects. In recent years, China has been one of the world's fastest
growing economies in terms of gross domestic product, which has had a
significant impact on shipping demand. We cannot assure you that such growth
will be sustained or that the Chinese economy will not experience negative
growth in the future. Moreover, a slowdown in the economies of the United
States, the European Union or certain Asian countries may adversely affect
economic growth in China and elsewhere. Our business, financial position,
results of operations, ability to pay dividends as well as our future prospects,
will likely be materially and adversely affected by an economic downturn in any
of these countries.
8
The
market values of our vessels may decrease, which could limit the amount of funds
that we can borrow under our senior secured credit facilities or cause us to
breach covenants in our senior secured credit facilities and adversely affect
our operating results
The
fair market values of drybulk carriers have generally experienced high
volatility. The market prices for secondhand drybulk carriers reached
historic highs in 2007. You should expect the market value of our
vessels to fluctuate depending on general economic and market conditions
affecting the shipping industry and prevailing charter hire rates, competition
from other shipping companies and other modes of transportation, types, sizes
and ages of vessels, applicable governmental regulations and the cost of
newbuildings. If the market value of our fleet declines, we may not
be able to draw down the full amount of our senior secured credit facilities
that we have entered into and we may not be able to obtain other financing or
incur debt on terms that are acceptable to us or at all. Further,
while we believe that the current aggregate market value of our drybulk vessels
will be in excess of amounts required under the senior secured credit facilities
that we have entered into, a decrease in these values could cause us to breach
some of the covenants that are contained in our senior secured credit facilities
and in future financing agreements that we may enter into from time to
time. If we do breach such covenants and we are unable to remedy the
relevant breach, our lenders could accelerate our debt and foreclose on our
fleet. In addition, if the book value of one of our vessels is
impaired due to unfavorable market conditions or a vessel is sold at a price
below its book value, we would incur a loss that could adversely affect our
operating results. Please see the section of this annual report
entitled “The Drybulk Shipping Industry” for information concerning historical
prices of drybulk carriers.
World
events could affect our results of operations and financial
condition
The
threat of future terrorist attacks in the United States or elsewhere continues
to cause uncertainty in the world’s financial markets and may affect our
business, operating results and financial condition. The continuing
conflict in Iraq may lead to additional acts of terrorism and armed conflict
around the world, which may contribute to further economic instability in the
global financial markets. These uncertainties could also adversely affect our
ability to obtain additional financing on terms acceptable to us or at all. In
the past, political conflicts have also resulted in attacks on vessels, mining
of waterways and other efforts to disrupt international shipping, particularly
in the Arabian Gulf region. Acts of terrorism and piracy have also affected
vessels trading in regions such as the South China Sea. Any of these occurrences
could have a material adverse impact on our operating results, revenues and
costs.
Our
operating results are subject to seasonal fluctuations, which could affect our
operating results and the amount of available cash with which we can pay
dividends
We
operate our vessels in markets that have historically exhibited seasonal
variations in demand and, as a result, in charter hire rates. This seasonality
may result in quarter-to-quarter volatility in our operating results, which
could affect the amount of dividends that we pay to our stockholders from
quarter to quarter. The drybulk carrier market is typically stronger in the fall
and winter months in anticipation of increased consumption of coal and other raw
materials in the northern hemisphere during the winter months. In addition,
unpredictable weather patterns in these months tend to disrupt vessel scheduling
and supplies of certain commodities. As a result, our revenues have historically
been weaker during the fiscal quarters ended June 30 and September 30,
and, conversely, our revenues have historically been stronger in fiscal quarters
ended December 31 and March 31. While this seasonality has not
materially affected our operating results, it could materially affect our
operating results and cash available for distribution to our stockholders as
dividends in the future.
Rising
fuel prices may adversely affect our profits
The
cost of fuel is a significant factor in negotiating charter rates. As a result,
an increase in the price of fuel beyond our expectations may adversely affect
our profitability. The price and supply of fuel is unpredictable and fluctuates
based on events outside our control, including geo-political developments,
supply and demand for oil, actions by members of the Organization of the
Petroleum Exporting Countries and other oil and gas producers, war and unrest in
oil producing countries and regions, regional production patterns and
environmental concerns and regulations.
9
We
are subject to regulation and liability under environmental laws that could
require significant expenditures and affect our cash flows and net income and
could subject us to increased liability under applicable law or
regulation
Our
business and the operation of our vessels are materially affected by government
regulation in the form of international conventions and national, state and
local laws and regulations in force in the jurisdictions in which the vessels
operate, as well as in the countries of their registration. Because such
conventions, laws, and regulations are often revised, we cannot predict the
ultimate cost of complying with them or their impact on the resale prices or
useful lives of our vessels. Additional conventions, laws and regulations may be
adopted that could limit our ability to do business or increase the cost of our
doing business and that may materially adversely affect our operations. We are
required by various governmental and quasi-governmental agencies to obtain
certain permits, licenses, certificates, and financial assurances with respect
to our operations.
The
operation of our vessels is affected by the requirements set forth in the United
Nations' International Maritime Organization's International Management Code for
the Safe Operation of Ships and Pollution Prevention, or ISM Code. The ISM Code
requires shipowners, ship managers and bareboat charterers to develop and
maintain an extensive "Safety Management System" that includes the adoption of a
safety and environmental protection policy setting forth instructions and
procedures for safe operation and describing procedures for dealing with
emergencies. The failure of a shipowner or bareboat charterer to comply with the
ISM Code may subject it to increased liability, may invalidate existing
insurance or decrease available insurance coverage for the affected vessels and
may result in a denial of access to, or detention in, certain
ports.
The
operation of drybulk carriers has certain unique operational risks which could
affect our earnings and cash flow
The
operation of certain ship types, such as drybulk carriers, has certain unique
risks. With a drybulk carrier, the cargo itself and its interaction with the
vessel can be an operational risk. By their nature, drybulk cargoes
are often heavy, dense, easily shifted, and react badly to water exposure. In
addition, drybulk carriers are often subjected to battering treatment during
unloading operations with grabs, jackhammers (to pry encrusted cargoes out of
the hold) and small bulldozers. This treatment may cause damage to the vessel.
Vessels damaged due to treatment during unloading procedures may be more
susceptible to breach to the sea. Hull breaches in drybulk carriers
may lead to the flooding of the vessels’ holds. If a drybulk carrier suffers
flooding in its forward holds, the bulk cargo may become so dense and
waterlogged that its pressure may buckle the vessel’s bulkheads leading to the
loss of a vessel. If we are unable to adequately maintain our vessels we may be
unable to prevent these events. Any of these circumstances or events could
negatively impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and
ability to pay dividends. In addition, the loss of any of our vessels could harm
our reputation as a safe and reliable vessel owner and operator.
Maritime
claimants could arrest one or more of our vessels, which could interrupt our
cash flow
Crew
members, suppliers of goods and services to a vessel, shippers of cargo and
other parties may be entitled to a maritime lien against a vessel for
unsatisfied debts, claims or damages. In many jurisdictions, a claimant may seek
to obtain security for its claim by arresting a vessel through foreclosure
proceedings. The arrest or attachment of one or more of our vessels could
interrupt our cash flow and require us to pay large sums of money to have the
arrest or attachment lifted. In addition, in some jurisdictions, such as South
Africa, under the "sister ship" theory of liability, a claimant may arrest both
the vessel which is subject to the claimant's maritime lien and any "associated"
vessel, which is any vessel owned or controlled by the same owner. Claimants
could attempt to assert "sister ship" liability against one vessel in our fleet
for claims relating to another of our vessels.
Governments
could requisition our vessels during a period of war or emergency, resulting in
a loss of earnings
10
A
government could requisition one or more of our vessels for title or for hire.
Requisition for title occurs when a government takes control of a vessel and
becomes her owner, while requisition for hire occurs when a government takes
control of a vessel and effectively becomes her charterer at dictated charter
rates. Generally, requisitions occur during periods of war or emergency,
although governments may elect to requisition vessels in other circumstances.
Although we would be entitled to compensation in the event of a requisition of
one or more of our vessels, the amount and timing of payment would be uncertain.
Government requisition of one or more of our vessels may negatively impact our
revenues and reduce the amount of cash we have available for distribution as
dividends to our shareholders.
Company
Specific Risk Factors
Our
earnings and the amount of dividends that we are able to pay in the future may
be adversely affected if we do not successfully employ our vessels
We
employ our drybulk carriers primarily on one and two year time
charters. Period charters provide relatively steady streams of
revenue, but vessels committed to period charters may not be available for spot
voyages during periods of increasing charter hire rates, when spot voyages might
be more profitable. Charter hire rates for drybulk carriers are
volatile, and in the past charter hire rates for drybulk carriers have declined
below operating costs of vessels. If our vessels become available for
employment in the spot market or under new period charters during periods when
market prices have fallen, we may have to employ our vessels at depressed market
prices, which would lead to reduced or volatile earnings. We cannot
assure you that future charter hire rates will enable us to operate our vessels
profitably or to pay you dividends.
Our
charterers may terminate or default on their charters, which could adversely
affect our results of operations and cash flow
Our
charters may terminate earlier than the dates indicated in this annual
report. The terms of our charters vary as to which events or
occurrences will cause a charter to terminate or give the charterer the option
to terminate the charter, but these generally include a total or constructive
total loss of the related vessel, the requisition for hire of the related vessel
or the failure of the related vessel to meet specified performance criteria. In
addition, the ability of each of our charterers to perform its obligations under
a charter will depend on a number of factors that are beyond our control. These
factors may include general economic conditions, the condition of the drybulk
shipping industry, the charter rates received for specific types of vessels and
various operating expenses. The costs and delays associated with the default by
a charterer of a vessel may be considerable and may adversely affect our
business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition and our
ability to pay dividends.
We
cannot predict whether our charterers will, upon the expiration of their
charters, recharter our vessels on favorable terms or at all. If our
charterers decide not to re-charter our vessels, we may not be able to recharter
them on terms similar to the terms of our current charters or at all. In the
future, we may also employ our vessels on the spot charter market, which is
subject to greater rate fluctuation than the time charter market.
If
we receive lower charter rates under replacement charters or are unable to
recharter all of our vessels, the amounts available, if any, to pay dividends to
our shareholders may be significantly reduced or eliminated.
Investment
in derivative instruments such as freight forward agreements could result in
losses
From
time to time, we may take positions in derivative instruments including freight
forward agreements, or FFAs. FFAs and other derivative instruments may be used
to hedge a vessel owner's exposure to the charter market by providing for the
sale of a contracted charter rate along a specified route and period of time.
Upon settlement, if the contracted charter rate is less than the average of the
rates, as reported by an identified index, for the specified route and time
period, the seller of the FFA is required to pay the buyer an amount equal to
the difference between the contracted rate and the settlement rate, multiplied
by the number of days in the specified period. Conversely, if the contracted
rate is greater than the settlement rate, the buyer is required to pay the
seller the settlement sum. If we take positions in FFAs or other derivative
instruments and do not correctly anticipate charter rate movements over the
specified route and time period, we could suffer losses in the settling or
termination of the FFA. This could adversely affect our results of operation and
cash flow.
11
We
cannot assure you that we will pay dividends
Our
policy is to pay quarterly dividends in February, May, August and November of
each year as described in "Our Dividend Policy." However, we may incur other
expenses or liabilities that would reduce or eliminate the cash available for
distribution as dividends. Our loan agreements, including our existing and new
senior secured credit facilities, may also prohibit our declaration and payment
of dividends under some circumstances.
In
addition, the declaration and payment of dividends will be subject at all times
to the discretion of our board of directors. The timing and amount of dividends
will depend on our earnings, financial condition, cash requirements and
availability, fleet renewal and expansion, restrictions in our loan agreements,
the provisions of Marshall Islands law affecting the payment of dividends and
other factors. Marshall Islands law generally prohibits the payment of dividends
other than from surplus or while a company is insolvent or would be rendered
insolvent upon the payment of such dividends. There can be no assurance that
dividends will be paid in the anticipated amounts and frequency set forth in
this annual report or at all.
We
may have difficulty effectively managing our planned growth, which may adversely
affect our ability to pay dividends
Since
the completion of our initial public offering in August 2007, we have taken
delivery of four Panamax drybulk carriers and one Supramax drybulk carrier. The
addition of these vessels to our fleet has resulted in a significant increase in
the size of our fleet and imposes significant additional responsibilities on our
management and staff. While we expect our fleet to grow further, this may
require us to increase the number of our personnel. We will also have to
increase our customer base to provide continued employment for the new
vessels.
Our future growth will primarily depend
on our ability to:
Growing
any business by acquisition presents numerous risks, such as undisclosed
liabilities and obligations, the possibility that indemnification agreements
will be unenforceable or insufficient to cover potential losses and difficulties
associated with imposing common standards, controls, procedures and policies,
obtaining additional qualified personnel, managing relationships with customers
and integrating newly acquired assets and operations into existing
infrastructure. We cannot give any assurance that we will be successful in
executing our growth plans or that we will not incur significant expenses and
losses in connection with our future growth. If we are not able to successfully
grow the size of our company or increase the size of our fleet, our ability to
pay dividends may be adversely affected.
The
expansion of our fleet may impose significant additional responsibilities on our
management and staff, and the management and staff of Allseas Marine S.A., or
Allseas, which is responsible for all of the commercial and technical management
functions for our fleet and is an affiliate of our chairman and chief executive
officer, Mr. Michael Bodouroglou, and may necessitate that we, and they,
increase the number of personnel. Allseas may have to increase its
customer base to provide continued employment for our fleet, and such costs will
be passed on to us by Allseas.
12
We
are dependent on Allseas for the commercial and technical management our
fleet
The
only employees we currently have are Mr. Bodouroglou, our chief executive
officer, George Skrimizeas, our chief operating officer, Christopher Thomas, our
chief financial officer, and Maria Stefanou, our internal legal counsel and
corporate secretary and we currently have no plans to hire additional
employees. As we subcontract the commercial and technical management
of our fleet, including crewing, maintenance and repair, to Allseas, the loss of
Allseas’ services or its failure to perform its obligations to us could
materially and adversely affect the results of our
operations. Although we may have rights against Allseas if it
defaults on its obligations to us, you will have no recourse directly against
Allseas. Further, we expect that we will need to seek approval from our lenders
to change our commercial and technical manager.
Allseas
is a privately held company and there is little or no publicly available
information about it
The
ability of Allseas to continue providing services for our benefit will depend in
part on its own financial strength. Circumstances beyond our control could
impair Allseas’ financial strength, and because it is privately held it is
unlikely that information about its financial strength would become public
unless Allseas began to default on its obligations. As a result, an investor in
our shares might have little advance warning of problems affecting Allseas, even
though these problems could have a material adverse effect on us.
Our
chairman and chief executive officer has affiliations with Allseas which may
create conflicts of interest
Our
chairman and chief executive officer is the beneficial owner of all of the
issued and outstanding capital stock of Allseas. These responsibilities and
relationships could create conflicts of interest between us, on the one hand,
and Allseas, on the other hand. These conflicts may arise in connection with the
chartering, purchase, sale and operations of the vessels in our fleet versus
vessels managed by other companies affiliated with Allseas and
Mr. Bodouroglou. Allseas may give preferential treatment to
vessels that are beneficially owned by related parties because
Mr. Bodouroglou and members of his family may receive greater economic
benefits. In particular, Allseas currently provides management
services to five drybulk carriers, other than the vessels in our fleet, that are
owned by entities affiliated with Mr. Bodouroglou, and such entities may
acquire additional vessels that will compete with our vessels in the
future. Mr. Bodouroglou granted to us the right to purchase the
remaining five vessels for which Allseas provides management services which was
declined, as well as a right of first refusal over future vessels that he or
entities affiliated with him may seek to acquire in the
future. However, we may not exercise our right to acquire all or any
of these vessels in the future, and such vessels may compete
with our fleet. These conflicts of interest may have an adverse effect on
our results of operations.
Servicing
our outstanding debt and any future indebtedness that we incur will limit funds
available for other purposes such as the payment of dividends
In
addition to our current outstanding indebtedness, we expect to incur additional
secured debt. While we do not intend to use operating cash to pay down
principal, we must dedicate a portion of our cash flow from operations to pay
the interest on our debt. These payments limit funds otherwise available for
working capital, capital expenditures and other purposes. We will have to incur
debt in order to expand our fleet, which could increase our ratio of debt to
equity. The need to service our debt may limit funds available for other
purposes, including distributing cash to our shareholders, and our inability to
service debt could lead to acceleration of our debt and foreclosure on our
fleet.
Our
senior secured credit facilities contain restrictive covenants that may limit
our liquidity and corporate activities
Our
senior secured credit facilities impose operating and financial restrictions on
us. These restrictions may limit our ability to:
13
Therefore,
our discretion is limited because we may need to obtain consent from our lenders
in order to engage in certain corporate actions. Our lenders’
interests may be different from ours, and we cannot guarantee that we will be
able to obtain our lenders’ consent when needed. This may prevent us
from taking actions that are in our shareholders’ best interest.
Our
credit facilities impose certain conditions on the payment of
dividends
The
terms of our credit facilities contain a number of financial covenants and
general covenants that require us to, among other things, maintain vessel market
values of at least 140% and in case of a dividend declaration at least 154% (a
ratio which we will determine quarterly and at each dividend payment date) of
the outstanding facility amount, minimum cash balances and insurance including,
but not limited to, hull and machinery insurance in an amount at least equal to
the fair market value of the vessels financed, as determined by third party
valuations. We may not be permitted to pay dividends under our credit
facilities if we are in default of any of these loan covenants or if we do not
meet specified debt coverage ratios.
Our
ability to obtain additional debt financing may be dependent on the performance
of our then existing charters and the creditworthiness of our
charterers
The
actual or perceived credit quality of our charterers, and any defaults by them,
may materially affect our ability to obtain the additional capital resources
that we will require to purchase additional vessels or may significantly
increase our costs of obtaining such capital. Our inability to obtain additional
financing at all or at a higher than anticipated cost may materially affect our
results of operation and our ability to implement our business
strategy.
Purchasing
and operating previously owned, or secondhand, drybulk carriers may result in
increased operating costs and off-hire days for our vessels, which could
adversely affect our earnings
While
we normally inspect secondhand vessels prior to purchase, this does not provide
us with the same knowledge about their condition that we would have had if these
vessels had been built for and operated exclusively by us, and accordingly, we
may not discover defects or other problems with such vessels prior to purchase.
If this were to occur, such hidden defects or problems, when detected, may be
expensive to repair, and if not detected, may result in accidents or other
incidents for which we may become liable to third parties. Generally, we do not
receive the benefit of warranties on secondhand vessels.
In
the highly competitive international shipping industry, we may not be able to
compete for charters with new entrants or established companies with greater
resources
14
We
employ our vessels in a highly competitive market that is capital intensive and
highly fragmented. Competition arises primarily from other vessel owners, some
of whom have substantially greater resources than we do. Competition for the
transportation of drybulk cargo by sea is intense and depends on price,
location, size, age, condition and the acceptability of the vessel and its
operators to the charterers. Due in part to the highly fragmented market,
competitors with greater resources could enter the drybulk shipping industry and
operate larger fleets through consolidations or acquisitions and may be able to
offer lower charter rates and higher quality vessels than we are able to
offer.
We
may be unable to attract and retain key management personnel and other employees
in the shipping industry, which may negatively impact the effectiveness of our
management and results of operations
Our
success depends to a significant extent upon the abilities and efforts of our
management team. We have entered into employment agreements with each of our
chairman and chief executive officer, chief operating officer, chief financial
officer and our internal legal counsel and corporate secretary. We have
consulting agreements with companies beneficially owned by the chief executive
officer, the chief operating officer, the chief financial officer and the
internal legal counsel and corporate secretary. Our success will depend upon our
ability to hire and retain key members of our management team. The loss of any
of these individuals could adversely affect our business prospects and financial
condition. Difficulty in hiring and retaining personnel could adversely affect
our business, results of operations and ability to pay dividends. We do not
intend to maintain “key man” life insurance on any of our officers.
Risks
associated with operating ocean-going vessels could affect our business and
reputation, which could adversely affect our revenues and stock
price
The
operation of ocean-going vessels carries inherent risks. These risks include the
possibility of:
Any
of these circumstances or events could increase our costs or lower our revenues.
The involvement of our vessels in an environmental disaster may harm our
reputation as a safe and reliable vessel owner and operator.
We
may not have adequate insurance to compensate us if we lose our vessels or to
compensate third parties
We
are insured against tort claims and some contractual claims (including claims
related to environmental damage and pollution) through memberships in protection
and indemnity associations or clubs, or P&I Associations. We also
procure hull and machinery insurance and war risk insurance for our
fleet. We insure our vessels for third party liability claims subject
to and in accordance with the rules of the P&I Associations in which the
vessels are entered. We can give no assurance that we will be
adequately insured against all risks. We may not be able to obtain adequate
insurance coverage for our fleet in the future. The insurers may not pay
particular claims. Our insurance policies contain deductibles for which we will
be responsible and limitations and exclusions which may increase our costs or
lower our revenue.
We
cannot assure you that we would be able to renew our insurance policies on the
same or commercially reasonable terms, or at all, in the future. For
example, more stringent environmental regulations have led in the past to
increased costs for, and in the future may result in the lack of availability
of, protection and indemnity insurance against risks of environmental damage or
pollution. Any uninsured or underinsured loss could harm our business
and financial condition. In addition, our insurance may be avoidable
by the insurers as a result of certain of our actions, such as our ships failing
to maintain certification with applicable maritime self-regulatory
organizations. Further, we cannot assure you that our insurance
policies will cover all losses that we incur. Any claims covered by
insurance would be subject to deductibles, and since it is possible that a large
number of claims may be brought, the aggregate amount of these deductibles could
be material.
15
Our
vessels may suffer damage and we may face unexpected drydocking costs, which
could affect our cash flow and financial condition
If
our vessels suffer damage, they may need to be repaired at a drydocking
facility. The costs of drydocking repairs are unpredictable and can be
substantial. We may have to pay drydocking costs that our insurance does not
cover. The loss of earnings while these vessels are being repaired and
repositioned, as well as the actual cost of these repairs, would decrease our
earnings and cash flow.
The
aging of our fleet may result in increased operating costs in the future, which
could adversely affect our earnings
In
general, the cost of maintaining a vessel in good operating condition increases
with the age of the vessel. Our current fleet consists of seven Panamax drybulk
carriers, three Handymax drybulk carriers and one Supramax drybulk carrier with
an aggregate capacity of approximately 706,358 dwt and a weighted average age of
seven years as of December 31, 2007. As our fleet ages, we will incur increased
costs. Older vessels are typically less fuel efficient and more costly to
maintain than more recently constructed vessels due to improvements in engine
technology. Cargo insurance rates increase with the age of a vessel, making
older vessels less desirable to charterers. Governmental regulations and safety
or other equipment standards related to the age of vessels may also require
expenditures for alterations or the addition of new equipment to our vessels and
may restrict the type of activities in which our vessels may engage. We cannot
assure you that, as our vessels age, market conditions will justify those
expenditures or enable us to operate our vessels profitably during the remainder
of their useful lives.
Because
we generate all of our revenues in U.S. dollars but incur a portion of our
expenses in other currencies, exchange rate fluctuations could have an adverse
impact on our results of operations
We
generate substantially all of our revenues in U.S. dollars but certain of our
expenses are incurred in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. This difference
could lead to fluctuations in net income due to changes in the value of the U.S.
dollar relative to these other currencies, in particular the Euro. Expenses
incurred in foreign currencies against which the U.S. dollar falls in value
could increase, decreasing our net income and cash flow from operations. For
example, during 2007, the value of the U.S. dollar declined by approximately 12%
as compared to the Euro.
We
may have to pay tax on United States source income, which would reduce our
earnings
Under the
United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or the Code, 50% of the gross
shipping income of a vessel owning or chartering corporation, such as ourselves
and our subsidiaries, that is attributable to transportation that begins or
ends, but that does not both begin and end, in the United States is
characterized as United States source shipping income and such income is subject
to a 4% United States federal income tax without allowance for deductions,
unless that corporation qualifies for exemption from tax under Section 883 of
the Code and the Treasury Regulations.
We do not
expect that we and each of our subsidiaries will qualify for this statutory tax
exemption for the 2007 taxable year, although we anticipate that we will qualify
for this exemption beginning with the 2008 taxable year. There are
factual circumstances beyond our control that could cause us to be unable to
obtain the benefit of this tax exemption in future years and thereby remain
subject to United States federal income tax on our United States source
income. Due to the factual nature of the issues involved, we can give
no assurances on our tax-exempt status or that of any of our
subsidiaries.
16
If we or our
subsidiaries are not entitled to this exemption under Section 883 for any
taxable year, we or our subsidiaries would be subject for those years to a 4%
United States federal income tax on our U.S.-source shipping income under
Section 887 of the Code. The imposition of this taxation could have a negative
effect on our business and would result in decreased earnings available for
distribution to our stockholders.
For the 2007
taxable year, we estimate that our maximum United States federal income tax
liability will be $0.17 million under Section 887. Please see the
section of this annual report entitled "Taxation" under item 10.E. for a more
comprehensive discussion of the United States federal income tax
consequences.
United
States tax authorities could treat us as a "passive foreign investment company",
which could have adverse United States federal income tax consequences to United
States holders
A foreign
corporation will be treated as a "passive foreign investment company," or PFIC,
for United States federal income tax purposes if either (1) at least 75% of
its gross income for any taxable year consists of certain types of "passive
income" or (2) at least 50% of the average value of the corporation's
assets produce or are held for the production of those types of "passive
income." For purposes of these tests, "passive income" includes dividends,
interest, and gains from the sale or exchange of investment property and rents
and royalties other than rents and royalties which are received from unrelated
parties in connection with the active conduct of a trade or business. For
purposes of these tests, income derived from the performance of services does
not constitute "passive income." United States stockholders of a PFIC are
subject to a disadvantageous United States federal income tax regime with
respect to the income derived by the PFIC, the distributions they receive from
the PFIC and the gain, if any, they derive from the sale or other disposition of
their shares in the PFIC.
Based on our
current and proposed method of operation, we do not believe that we will be a
PFIC with respect to any taxable year. In this regard, we intend to treat the
gross income we derive or are deemed to derive from our time chartering
activities as services income, rather than rental income. Accordingly, we
believe that our income from our time chartering activities does not constitute
"passive income," and the assets that we own and operate in connection with the
production of that income do not constitute passive assets.
There is,
however, no direct legal authority under the PFIC rules addressing our proposed
method of operation. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the United
States Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, or a court of law will accept our
position, and there is a risk that the IRS or a court of law could determine
that we are a PFIC. Moreover, no assurance can be given that we would not
constitute a PFIC for any future taxable year if there were to be changes in the
nature and extent of our operations.
If the IRS
were to find that we are or have been a PFIC for any taxable year, our United
States stockholders will face adverse United States tax consequences. Under the
PFIC rules, unless those stockholders make an election available under the Code
(which election could itself have adverse consequences for such stockholders,
such stockholders would be liable to pay United States federal income tax at the
then prevailing income tax rates on ordinary income plus interest upon excess
distributions and upon any gain from the disposition of our common shares, as if
the excess distribution or gain had been recognized ratably over the
stockholder's holding period of our common shares.
We
are a holding company, and we depend on the ability of our subsidiaries to
distribute funds to us in order to satisfy our financial obligations and to make
dividend payments
We
are a holding company and our subsidiaries conduct all of our operations and own
all of our operating assets. We have no significant assets other than the equity
interests in our subsidiaries. As a result, our ability to make dividend
payments depends on our subsidiaries and their ability to distribute funds to
us. If we are unable to obtain funds from our subsidiaries, our board of
directors may exercise its discretion not to declare or pay dividends. We do not
intend to obtain funds from other sources to pay dividends.
As
we expand our business, we may need to improve our operating and financial
systems and will need to recruit suitable employees and crew for our
vessels
17
Our
current operating and financial systems may not be adequate as we expand the
size of our fleet and our attempts to improve those systems may be ineffective.
In addition, as we expand our fleet, we will need to recruit suitable additional
seafarers and shoreside administrative and management personnel. While we have
not experienced any difficulty in recruiting to date, we cannot guarantee that
we will be able to continue to hire suitable employees as we expand our fleet.
If we or our crewing agent encounter business or financial difficulties, we may
not be able to adequately staff our vessels. If we are unable to grow our
financial and operating systems or to recruit suitable employees as we expand
our fleet, our financial performance may be adversely affected and, among other
things, the amount of cash available for distribution as dividends to our
stockholders may be reduced.
Because
our seafaring employees are covered by industry-wide collective bargaining
agreements, failure of industry groups to renew those agreements may disrupt our
operations and adversely affect our earnings
Our
vessel owning subsidiaries employ approximately 500 seafarers. All of the
seafarers employed on the vessels in our fleet are covered by industry-wide
collective bargaining agreements that set basic standards. We cannot assure you
that these agreements will prevent labor interruptions. Any labor interruptions
could disrupt our operations and harm our financial performance.
If
Allseas is unable to perform under its vessel management agreements with us, our
results of operations may be adversely affected
As
we expand our fleet, we will rely on Allseas to recruit suitable additional
seafarers and to meet other demands imposed on Allseas. We cannot
assure you that Allseas will be able to meet these demands as we expand our
fleet. If Allseas’ crewing agents encounter business or financial
difficulties, they may not be able to adequately staff our
vessels. If Allseas is unable to provide the commercial and technical
management service for our vessels, our business, results of operations, cash
flows and financial position and our ability to pay dividends may be materially
adversely affected.
Our
operations outside the United States expose us to global risks that may
interfere with the operation of our vessels
We
operate as an international company and primarily conduct our operations outside
the United States. Changing economic, political and governmental conditions in
the countries where we are engaged in business or where our vessels are
registered affect us. In the past, political conflicts, particularly in the
Arabian Gulf, resulted in attacks on vessels, mining of waterways and other
efforts to disrupt shipping in the area. Acts of terrorism and piracy have also
affected vessels trading in regions such as the South China
Sea. Future hostilities or other political instability in regions
where our vessels trade could affect our trade patterns, increase the risk of
attacks on our vessels and adversely affect our operations and performanc.
It
may not be possible for investors to enforce U.S. judgments against
us
We
and all our subsidiaries are incorporated in jurisdictions outside the United
States and substantially all of our assets and those of our subsidiaries are
located outside the United States. In addition, all of our directors
and officers are non-residents of the United States, and all or a substantial
portion of the assets of these non-residents are located outside the United
States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for United
States investors to serve process within the United States upon us, our
subsidiaries or our directors and officers or to enforce a judgment against us
for civil liabilities in United States courts. In addition, you should not
assume that courts in the countries in which we or our subsidiaries are
incorporated or where our or the assets of our subsidiaries are located (1)
would enforce judgments of United States courts obtained in actions against us
or our subsidiaries based upon the civil liability provisions of applicable
United States federal and state securities laws or (2) would enforce, in
original actions, liabilities against us or our subsidiaries based on those
laws.
Risks
Relating to Our Common Shares
There
is no guarantee that there will continue to be an active and liquid public
market for you to resell our common shares in the future
18
The
price of our common shares may be volatile and may fluctuate due to factors such
as:
The
drybulk shipping industry has been highly unpredictable and volatile. The market
for common shares in this industry may be equally volatile.
We
are incorporated in the Marshall Islands, which does not have a well-developed
body of corporate law
Our
corporate affairs are governed by our amended and restated articles of
incorporation and bylaws and by the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act,
or the BCA. The provisions of the BCA resemble provisions of the corporation
laws of a number of states in the United States. However, there have been few
judicial cases in the Marshall Islands interpreting the BCA. The rights and
fiduciary responsibilities of directors under the laws of the Marshall Islands
are not as clearly established as the rights and fiduciary responsibilities of
directors under statutes or judicial precedent in existence in the United
States. The rights of stockholders of the Marshall Islands may differ from the
rights of stockholders of companies incorporated in the United States. While the
BCA provides that it is to be interpreted according to the laws of the State of
Delaware and other states with substantially similar legislative provisions,
there have been few, if any, court cases interpreting the BCA in the Marshall
Islands and we cannot predict whether Marshall Islands courts would reach the
same conclusions as United States courts. Thus, you may have more difficulty in
protecting your interests in the face of actions by the management, directors or
controlling stockholders than would stockholders of a corporation incorporated
in a United States jurisdiction which has developed a relatively more
substantial body of case law.
Our
chairman and chief executive officer and Innovation Holdings, which is
beneficially owned by our chairman and chief executive officer and members of
his family, collectively hold approximately 19.3% of our total outstanding
common shares which enables considerable control over matters on which our
shareholders are entitled to vote
Mr.
Michael Bordouroglou, our President and chief executive officer, beneficially
own 5,203,288 shares, or approximately 19.3% of our outstanding common shares,
the vast majority of which is held indirectly through entities over which he
exercise sole voting power. Please see Item 7.A. “Major
Stockholders.” While Mr. Bordouroglou and the non-voting shareholders
of these entities have no agreement, arrangement or understanding relating to
the voting of our common shares that they own, they effectively control the
outcome of matters on which our shareholder are entitled to vote, including the
election of directors and other significant corporate actions. The interests of
these shareholders may be different from your interests.
Anti-takeover
provisions in our organizational documents could make it difficult for our
shareholder to replace or remove our current board of directors or have the
effect of discouraging, delaying or preventing a merger or acquisition, which
could adversely affect the market price of our common shares
19
Several
provisions of our amended and restated articles of incorporation and bylaws
could make it difficult for our shareholders to change the composition of our
board of directors in any one year, preventing them from changing the
composition of management. In addition, the same provisions may discourage,
delay or prevent a merger or acquisition that shareholders may consider
favorable.
These provisions include:
In
addition, we have adopted a shareholder rights plan pursuant to which our board
of directors may cause the substantial dilution of any person that attempts to
acquire us without the approval of our board of directors.
These
anti-takeover provisions, including provisions of our shareholder rights plan,
could substantially impede the ability of public stockholders to benefit from a
change in control and, as a result, may adversely affect the market price of our
common shares and your ability to realize any potential change of control
premium.
Item
4. Information on the Company
A. History
and development of the Company
Paragon
Shipping Inc. is a Marshall Islands company formed on April 26, 2006. Our executive offices are
located at 15 Karamanli Ave, Voula 16673, Athens, Greece. Our telephone number at
this address is +30 210 891 4600. Allseas Marine S.A., or Allseas, is
responsible for all commercial and technical management functions for our fleet.
Allseas is an affiliate of our chairman and chief executive officer, Michael
Bodouroglou.
We
are a global provider of shipping transportation services. We
specialize in transporting drybulk cargoes, including such commodities as iron
ore, coal, grain and other materials along worldwide shipping routes. Our current fleet consists of
seven Panamax drybulk carriers, three Handymax drybulk carriers and one
Supramax drybulk carrier with an aggregate capacity of approximately 706,358 dwt
and a weighted average age of seven years as of December 31, 2007. Since
inception we grew our fleet to four drybulk carriers by December 31, 2006 and in
2007 we took delivery of the other seven vessels comprising our current fleet of
eleven vessels.
We
concluded a private placement in November 2006 pursuant to which we issued a
total of 9,062,000 Class A common shares, which we also refer to as our “common
shares,” and 1,849,531 warrants to purchase Class A common shares to certain
institutional investors and issued an additional 2,250,000 Class A common shares
and 450,000 warrants to purchase Class A common shares to Innovation Holdings,
S.A., or Innovation Holdings, an entity beneficially owned by our chairman and
chief executive officer, Mr. Michael Bodouroglou. In addition, we
issued 2,003,288 Class B common shares to Innovation Holdings at the time of our
private placement in November 2006. On July 16, 2007 a shelf
registration statement (file no 333-143481) covering the resale of 11,097,187 of
our Class A common shares and 1,849,531 of our warrants was declared
effective by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
20
On
August 15, 2007 we completed our initial public offering of 10,300,000 Class A
common shares and on September 13, 2007 issued an 697,539 Class A common shares
upon the partial exercise of the over-allotment option granted to the
underwriters of our initial public offering. Those offerings generated
$175,960,624 in gross proceeds at an offering price of $16.00 per share, before
deduction of underwriters’ commissions and expenses of
$11,437,440. In addition, certain selling shareholders sold an
aggregate of 318,728 Class A common shares in the over-allotment option at the
same price per share. Following our initial public offering, all the
2,003,288 Class B common shares were converted into Class A common shares on a
one-for-one basis. Our common shares commenced trading on the Nasdaq
Global Market under the symbol “PRGN” on August 10, 2007.
As
of April 16, 2008 our total outstanding common shares was
26,961,612.
In
October and December 2006 we entered into purchase agreements for the initial
six Panamax and Handymax drybulk carriers of our fleet, for an aggregate
purchase price of $210.35 million, excluding certain pre-delivery expenses.
These six vessels were delivered to us in December 2006 and January 2007 and
funded with the net proceeds of our private placement and the sale of
Class A common shares and warrants to Innovation Holdings, together with
drawings under our senior secured credit facility. In July 2007 we
entered into agreement to purchase three additional drybulk carriers, one
Supramax and two Panamax, for an aggregate purchase price of
$180.9 million, excluding certain pre-delivery expenses, which we funded
with the net proceeds of our initial public offer in August 2007 and with
drawings under the revolving bridge loan facility with Commerzbank
AG. These three vessels were delivered to us in August and September,
2007. In October 2007, we entered into purchase agreements for two
additional Panamax drybulk carriers for an aggregate purchase price of $178.0
million which we funded with drawings under our existing credit
facilities. These two vessels were delivered to us in November and
December 2007, respectively.
B. Business
overview
As of December 31, 2007, our
fleet consisted of seven Panamax drybulk carriers, three Handymax drybulk
carriers and one Supramax drybulk carrier.
The
following table presents certain information concerning the drybulk carriers in
our fleet as of April 16, 2008.
__________________________
(1)
This table shows gross daily charter rates and does not reflect commissions
payable by us to third party chartering brokers, our charterers and Allseas
ranging from 2.50% to 6.25% including, in each case, 1.25% to
Allseas.
(2)
The date range provided represents the earliest and latest date on which the
charterer may redeliver the vessel to us upon termination of the
charter.
(3)
The daily charter rate for Sapphire Seas decreases to
$26,750 as of June 24, 2008 and decreases to $22,750 as of June 24,
2009.
21
(4)
On March 17, 2008 we agreed with Korea Line Corp. to enter into a new time
charter agreement regarding the next employment of Pearl Seas at a gross daily
charter rate of $51,300 for a period of 35 to 37 months, and a commission of
5.00%. The time charter will commence within the range August 1, 2008 to October
5, 2008 and will expire within the range July 1, 2011 to November 5,
2011.
Each of our
vessels is owned through a separate wholly-owned subsidiary.
Our vessels
operate worldwide within the trading limits imposed by our insurance terms and
do not operate in areas where United States, European Union or United Nations
sanctions have been imposed.
Management
of Our Fleet
Allseas
is responsible for the technical and commercial management of our
vessels. Technical management services include arranging for and
managing crews, maintenance, drydocking, repairs, insurance, maintaining
regulatory and classification society compliance and providing technical
support. Commercial management services include chartering,
monitoring the mix of various types of charters, such as time charters and
voyage charters, monitoring the performance of our vessels, the sale and
purchase of vessels, and finance and accounting functions. Allseas, which is
based in Athens, Greece, was formed in 2000 as a ship management company and
currently provides the commercial and technical management for sixteen drybulk
carriers including the eleven vessels in our fleet. The other five
vessels are managed for affiliates of Allseas. We believe that Allseas has
established a reputation in the international shipping industry for operating
and maintaining a fleet with high standards of performance, reliability and
safety. Allseas is 100% owned and controlled by Mr. Michael
Bodouroglou, our chairman and chief executive officer.
Pursuant
to separate management agreements that we have entered into with Allseas for
each of our vessels, the terms of which have been approved by our independent
directors, we are obligated to pay Allseas a technical management fee of $650
(based on a U.S. dollar/Euro exchange rate of 1.268:1.00) per vessel per day on
a monthly basis in advance, pro rata for the calendar days the vessel is owned
by us. The management fee is adjusted quarterly based on the U.S.
dollar/Euro exchange rate as published by EFG Eurobank Ergasias S.A. two days
prior to the end of the previous calendar quarter. For the first quarter in 2007
the management fee was $675 per day, for the second quarter in 2007 was $683 per
day, for the third quarter in 2007 was $687 per day and for the fourth quarter
in 2007 was $725 per day. The management fee increased to $764 per
day as of January 1, 2008 commensurate with inflation on an annual basis, by
reference to the official Greek inflation rate for the previous year, as
published by the Greek National Statistical Office. In 2007, an amount of
250,000 was paid to Allseas for legal and accounting services that were provided
throughout the year and were not covered by the management agreements mentioned
above. We also pay Allseas a fee equal to 1.25% of the gross freight, demurrage
and charter hire collected from the employment of our
vessels. Allseas also earns a fee equal to 1.0% calculated on the
price as stated in the relevant memorandum of agreement for any vessel bought or
sold on our behalf, with the exception of the two vessels in our fleet that we
acquired from entities affiliated with our chairman and chief executive officer.
Additional drybulk carriers that we may acquire in the future may be managed by
Allseas or unaffiliated management companies. During 2007, we
incurred $2,076,678 in management fees and $841,442 and $4,172,000 in chartering
and vessel commissions, respectively. A historical breakdown of the amounts
incurred is
presented in the following table.
22
Chartering
of the fleet
We
primarily employ our vessels on time charters for a medium to long-term period
of time. We may also employ our vessels in the spot charter market, on voyage
charters or short-term time charters, which generally last from 10 days to
three months. A time charter, whether for a longer period or in the spot charter
market for a short-term period, is generally a contract to charter a vessel for
a fixed period of time at a set daily rate. Under time charter, the charterer
pays voyage expenses such as port, canal and fuel costs. A spot
market voyage charter is generally a contract to carry a specific cargo from a
load port to a discharge port for an agreed upon total amount and we pay voyage
expenses such as port, canal and fuel costs. Whether our drybulk carriers are
employed in the spot market or on time charters, we pay for vessel operating
expenses, which include crew costs, provisions, deck and engine stores,
lubricating oil, insurance, maintenance and repairs. We are also responsible for
each vessel's intermediate and special survey costs.
Our
Customers
Our
assessment of a charterer’s financial condition and reliability is an important
factor in negotiating employment for our vessels. Our largest customer is Morgan
Stanley and our other customers include STX Pan Ocean, AS Klaveness, Express Sea
Transport, Korea Line Corp., Bunge S.A., Vesspucci Marine C.V., San Juan
Navigation, D’Amato Shipping. For the year ended December 31, 2007,
approximately 63% of our revenue was derived from four charterers who
individually accounted for more than 10% of our time charter revenue, as
follows:
The
Drybulk Shipping Industry
The global
drybulk carrier fleet may be divided into four categories based on a vessel's
carrying capacity. These categories consist of:
The supply
of drybulk carriers is dependent on the delivery of new vessels and the removal
of vessels from the global fleet, either through scrapping or loss. As of
January 2008, the global drybulk carrier orderbook amounted to 129 million
dwt, or 48.0% of the existing fleet. The level of scrapping activity is
generally a function of scrapping prices in relation to current and prospective
charter market conditions, as well as operating, repair and survey
costs. The average age at which a vessel is scrapped over the last
five years has been 26 years. However, due to recent strength in
the drybulk shipping industry, the average age has
increased.
23
The demand
for drybulk carrier capacity is determined by the underlying demand for
commodities transported in drybulk carriers, which in turn is influenced by
trends in the global economy. Seaborne drybulk trade increased by slightly more
than 2% annually during the 1980s and 1990s. However, this rate of growth has
increased dramatically in recent years. Between 2001 and 2007, trade in all
drybulk commodities increased from approximately 2.1 billion tons to
3.0 billion tons, equivalent to a compound average growth rate of 5.2%.
Demand for drybulk carrier capacity is also affected by the operating efficiency
of the global fleet, with port congestion, which has been a feature of the
market since 2004, absorbing tonnage and therefore leading to a tighter balance
between supply and demand. In evaluating demand factors for drybulk carrier
capacity, it is important to bear in mind that drybulk carriers can be the most
versatile element of the global shipping fleets in terms of employment
alternatives. Drybulk carriers seldom operate on round trip voyages. Rather, the
norm is triangular or multi-leg voyages. Hence, trade distances assume greater
importance in the demand equation.
Competition
We
operate in markets that are highly competitive and based primarily on supply and
demand. We compete for charters on the basis of price, vessel location, size,
age and condition of the vessel, as well as on our reputation. Allseas arranges
our charters through the use of brokers, who negotiate the terms of the charters
based on market conditions. We compete primarily with other owners of drybulk
carriers, many of which may have more resources than us and may operate vessels
that are newer, and therefore more attractive to charterers, than our vessels.
Ownership of drybulk carriers is highly fragmented and is divided among publicly
listed companies, state controlled owners and independent shipowners. Some of
our publicly listed competitors include Diana Shipping Inc. (NYSE: DSX),
DryShips Inc. (Nasdaq: DRYS), Excel Maritime Carriers Ltd. (NYSE:
EXM), Eagle Bulk Shipping Inc. (Nasdaq: EGLE), Genco Shipping and Trading
Limited (NYSE: GNK), Navios Maritime Holdings Inc. (Nasdaq: BULK),
OceanFreight Inc. (Nasdaq: OCNF) and Quintana Maritime Limited (Nasdaq:
QMAR).
Entities
affiliated with our chairman and chief executive officer currently own drybulk
carriers, and may in the future seek to acquire additional drybulk carriers. One
or more of these vessels may be managed by Allseas and may compete with the
vessels in our fleet. Mr. Bodouroglou and entities affiliated with him,
including Allseas, might be faced with conflicts of interest with respect to
their own interests and their obligations to us. Mr. Bodouroglou has entered
into an agreement with us pursuant to which he and the entities which he
controls will grant us a right of first refusal on any drybulk carrier that
these entities may acquire in the future.
Charter
Hire Rates
Charter
hire rates fluctuate by varying degrees amongst the drybulk carrier size
categories. The volume and pattern of trade in a small number of commodities
(major bulks) affect demand for larger vessels. Because demand for larger
drybulk vessels is affected by the volume and pattern of trade in a relatively
small number of commodities, charter hire rates (and vessel values) of larger
ships tend to be more volatile. Conversely, trade in a greater number of
commodities (minor bulks) drives demand for smaller drybulk carriers.
Accordingly, charter rates and vessel values for those vessels are subject to
less volatility. Charter hire rates paid for drybulk carriers are primarily a
function of the underlying balance between vessel supply and demand, although at
times other factors, such as sentiment may play a role. Furthermore, the pattern
seen in charter rates is broadly mirrored across the different charter types and
between the different drybulk carrier categories.
In
the time charter market, rates vary depending on the length of the charter
period and vessel specific factors such as age, speed and fuel consumption. In
the voyage charter market, rates are influenced by cargo size, commodity, port
dues and canal transit fees, as well as delivery and re-delivery regions. In
general, a larger cargo size is quoted at a lower rate per ton than a smaller
cargo size. Routes with costly ports or canals generally command higher rates
than routes with low port dues and no canals to transit. Voyages with a load
port within a region that includes ports where vessels usually discharge cargo
or a discharge port within a region that includes ports where vessels load cargo
also are generally quoted at lower rates. This is because such voyages generally
increase vessel utilization by reducing the unloaded portion (or ballast leg)
that is included in the calculation of the return charter to a loading
area.
24
Within
the drybulk shipping industry, the charter hire rate references most likely to
be monitored are the freight rate indices issued by the Baltic Exchange. These
references are based on actual charter hire rates under charter entered into by
market participants as well as daily assessments provided to the Baltic Exchange
by a panel of major shipbrokers. The Baltic Panamax Index is the index with the
longest history.
Vessel
Prices
Vessel
prices, both for newbuildings and secondhand vessels, have increased
significantly as a result of the strength of the drybulk shipping
industry. Because sectors of the shipping industry (drybulk carrier,
tanker and container ships) are in a period of prosperity, newbuilding prices
for all vessel types have increased significantly due to a reduction in the
number of berths available for the construction of new vessels in
shipyards.
In the
secondhand market, the steep increase in newbuilding prices and the strength of
the charter market have also affected vessel prices. With vessel
earnings at relatively high levels and a limited availability of newbuilding
berths, the ability to deliver a vessel early has resulted in a premium to the
purchase price. Consequently, secondhand prices of five year old
Panamax and Capesize drybulk carriers have reached higher levels than those of
comparably sized newbuildings.
Permits
and Authorizations
We are
required by various governmental and quasi-governmental agencies to obtain
certain permits, licenses and certificates with respect to our vessels. The
kinds of permits, licenses and certificates required depend upon several
factors, including the commodity transported, the waters in which the vessel
operates, the nationality of the vessel's crew and the age of a vessel. We have
been able to obtain all permits, licenses and certificates currently required to
permit our vessels to operate. Additional laws and regulations, environmental or
otherwise, may be adopted which could limit our ability to do business or
increase the cost of us doing business.
Environmental
and Other Regulations
Government
regulation significantly affects the ownership and operation of our vessels. We
are subject to international conventions, national, state and local laws and
regulations in force in the countries in which our vessels may operate or are
registered.
A variety of
government and private entities subject our vessels to both scheduled and
unscheduled inspections. These entities include the local port authorities
(United States Coast Guard, harbor master or equivalent), classification
societies; flag state administrations (country of registry) and charterers,
particularly terminal operators. Certain of these entities require us to obtain
permits, licenses and certificates for the operation of our vessels. Failure to
maintain necessary permits or approvals could require us to incur substantial
costs or temporarily suspend the operation of one or more of our
vessels.
We believe
that the heightened level of environmental and quality concerns among insurance
underwriters, regulators and charterers is leading to greater inspection and
safety requirements on all vessels and may accelerate the scrapping of older
vessels throughout the drybulk shipping industry. Increasing environmental
concerns have created a demand for vessels that conform to the stricter
environmental standards. We are required to maintain operating standards for all
of our vessels that emphasize operational safety, quality maintenance,
continuous training of our officers and crews and compliance with United States
and international regulations. We believe that the operation of our vessels is
in substantial compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations
applicable to us as of the date of this annual report.
International
Maritime Organization
The United
Nation's International Maritime Organization, or IMO, has negotiated
international conventions that impose liability for oil pollution in
international waters and a signatory's territorial waters. In
September 1997, the IMO adopted Annex VI to the International Convention
for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships to address air pollution from ships.
Annex VI was ratified in May 2004, and became effective in May 2005.
Annex VI set limits on sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide emissions from ship
exhausts and prohibits deliberate emissions of ozone depleting substances, such
as chlorofluorocarbons. Annex VI also includes a global cap on the sulfur
content of fuel oil and allows for special areas to be established with more
stringent controls on sulfur emissions. Our fleet has conformed to the Annex VI
regulations.
25
The
operation of our vessels is also affected by the requirements set forth in the
IMO's Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and Pollution Prevention,
or ISM Code. The ISM Code requires ship owners and bareboat charterers to
develop and maintain an extensive “Safety Management System” that includes the
adoption of a safety and environmental protection policy setting forth
instructions and procedures for safe operation and describing procedures for
dealing with emergencies. The failure of a ship owner or bareboat charterer to
comply with the ISM Code may subject such party to increased liability, may
decrease available insurance coverage for the affected vessels and may result in
a denial of access to, or detention in, certain ports. As of December 31, 2006
and 2007, each of our vessels was ISM code-certified.
The
United States Oil Pollution Act of 1990
The
United States Oil Pollution Act of 1990, or OPA, established an extensive
regulatory and liability regime for the protection and cleanup of the
environment from oil spills. OPA affects all owners and operators whose vessels
trade in the United States, its territories and possessions or whose vessels
operate in United States waters, which includes the United States' territorial
sea and its two hundred nautical mile exclusive economic zone.
Under
OPA, vessel owners, operators and bareboat charterers are “responsible parties”
and are jointly, severally and strictly liable (unless the spill results solely
from the act or omission of a third party, an act of God or an act of war) for
all containment and clean-up costs and other damages arising from discharges or
threatened discharges of oil from their vessels. OPA defines these other damages
broadly to include:
Under
amendments to OPA that became effective on July 11, 2006, the liability of
responsible parties is limited to the greater of $950 per gross ton or
$0.8 million per non-tank vessel that is over 300 gross tons (subject to
possible adjustment for inflation). These limits of liability do not apply if an
incident was directly caused by violation of applicable United States federal
safety, construction or operating regulations or by a responsible party's gross
negligence or willful misconduct, or if the responsible party fails or refuses
to report the incident or to cooperate and assist in connection with oil removal
activities.
We
currently maintain pollution liability coverage insurance in the amount of
$1 billion per incident for each of our vessels. If the damages from a
catastrophic spill were to exceed our insurance coverage it could have an
adverse effect on our business and results of operation.
26
OPA
requires owners and operators of vessels to establish and maintain with the
United States Coast Guard evidence of financial responsibility sufficient to
meet their potential liabilities under the OPA. Current United States Coast
Guard regulations require evidence of financial responsibility in the amount of
$900 per gross ton for non-tank vessels, which includes the OPA limitation on
liability of $600 per gross ton and the United States Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, or CERCLA, liability
limit of $300 per gross ton. We expect the United States Coast Guard to increase
the amounts of financial responsibility to reflect the July 2006 increases
in liability. Under the regulations, vessel owners and operators may evidence
their financial responsibility by showing proof of insurance, surety bond,
self-insurance or guaranty. Under OPA, an owner or operator of a fleet of
vessels is required only to demonstrate evidence of financial responsibility in
an amount sufficient to cover the vessels in the fleet having the greatest
maximum liability under OPA.
The
United States Coast Guard's regulations concerning certificates of financial
responsibility provide, in accordance with OPA, that claimants may bring suit
directly against an insurer or guarantor that furnishes certificates of
financial responsibility. In the event that such insurer or guarantor is sued
directly, it is prohibited from asserting any contractual defense that it may
have had against the responsible party and is limited to asserting those
defenses available to the responsible party and the defense that the incident
was caused by the willful misconduct of the responsible party. Certain
organizations, which had typically provided certificates of financial
responsibility under pre-OPA laws, including the major protection and indemnity
organizations, have declined to furnish evidence of insurance for vessel owners
and operators if they are subject to direct actions or are required to waive
insurance policy defenses.
The
United States Coast Guard's financial responsibility regulations may also be
satisfied by evidence of surety bond, guaranty or by self-insurance. Under the
self-insurance provisions, the ship owner or operator must have a net worth and
working capital, measured in assets located in the United States against
liabilities located anywhere in the world, that exceeds the applicable amount of
financial responsibility. We have complied with the United States Coast Guard
regulations by providing a certificate of responsibility from third party
entities that are acceptable to the United States Coast Guard evidencing
sufficient self-insurance.
OPA
specifically permits individual states to impose their own liability regimes
with regard to oil pollution incidents occurring within their boundaries, and
some states have enacted legislation providing for unlimited liability for oil
spills. In some cases, states, which have enacted such legislation, have not yet
issued implementing regulations defining vessels owners' responsibilities under
these laws. We intend to comply with all applicable state regulations in the
ports where our vessels call.
Other
Environmental Initiatives
Although the
United States is not a party thereto, many countries have ratified and currently
follow the liability plan adopted by the IMO and set out in the International
Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage of 1969, or the 1969
Convention. Under this convention, and depending on whether the country in which
the damage results is a party to the 1992 Protocol to the International
Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, a vessel’s registered
owner is strictly liable for pollution damage caused in the territorial waters
of a contracting state by discharge of persistent oil, subject to certain
complete defenses. The limits on liability outlined in the 1992 Protocol use the
International Monetary Fund currency unit of Special Drawing Rights, or SDR.
Under an amendment that became effective in November 2003 for vessels of
5,000 to 140,000 gross tons (a unit of measurement for the total enclosed spaces
within a vessel), liability is limited to approximately 4.51 million SDR
plus approximately 631 SDR for each additional gross ton over
5,000. For vessels of over 140,000 gross tons, liability is limited
to approximately 89.77 million SDR. The exchange rate between SDRs and
dollars was 0.608088 SDR per dollar on March 31, 2008. As the 1969 Convention
calculates liability in terms of basket currencies, these figures are based on
currency exchange rates on March 31, 2008. Under the 1969 Convention, the right
to limit liability is forfeited where the spill is caused by the owner’s actual
fault; under the 1992 Protocol, a shipowner cannot limit liability where the
spill is caused by the owner’s intentional or reckless
conduct. Vessels trading in jurisdictions that are parties to these
conventions must provide evidence of insurance covering the liability of the
owner. In jurisdictions where the 1969 Convention has not been
adopted, including the United States, various legislative schemes or common law
govern, and liability is imposed either on the basis of fault or in a manner
similar to that convention. We believe that our protection and
indemnity insurance will cover the liability under the plan adopted by the IMO.
Vessel
Security Regulations
27
A variety of
initiatives intended to enhance vessel security have been adopted since the
terrorist attached on the United States of September 11, 2001. On
November 25, 2002, the Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002, or the
MTSA, came into effect. To implement certain portions of the MTSA, in
July 2003, the United States Coast Guard issued regulations requiring the
implementation of certain security requirements aboard vessels operating in
waters subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. Similarly, in
December 2002, amendments to the International Convention for the Safety of
Life at Sea, or SOLAS, created a new chapter of the convention dealing
specifically with maritime security. The new chapter came into effect in
July 2004 and imposes various detailed security obligations on vessels and
port authorities, most of which are contained in the newly created International
Ship and Port Facilities Security Code or ISPS Code. Among the various
requirements are:
The United
States Coast Guard regulations, intended to align with international maritime
security standards, exempt non-United States vessels from MTSA vessel security
measures provided such vessels have on board a valid International Ship Security
Certificate, or ISSC, that attests to the vessel's compliance with SOLAS
security requirements and the ISPS Code. We have implemented the various
security measures addressed by the MTSA, SOLAS and the ISPS Code.
Inspection
by Classification Societies
Every
seagoing vessel must be “classed” by a classification society. The
classification society certifies that the vessel is “in class,” signifying that
the vessel has been built and maintained in accordance with the rules of the
classification society and complies with applicable rules and regulations of the
vessel's country of registry and the international conventions of which that
country is a member. In addition, where surveys are required by international
conventions and corresponding laws and ordinances of a flag state, the
classification society will undertake them on application or by official order,
acting on behalf of the authorities concerned.
The
classification society also undertakes on request other surveys and checks that
are required by regulations and requirements of the flag state. These surveys
are subject to agreements made in each individual case or to the regulations of
the country concerned.
For
maintenance of the class, regular and extraordinary surveys of hull, machinery,
including the electrical plant, and any special equipment classed are required
to be performed as follows:
Annual Surveys. For seagoing
ships, annual surveys are conducted for the hull and the machinery, including
the electrical plant and where applicable for special equipment classed, at
intervals of 12 months from the date of commencement of the class period
indicated in the certificate.
Intermediate Surveys.
Extended annual surveys are referred to as intermediate surveys and typically
are conducted two and one-half years after commissioning and each class renewal.
Intermediate surveys may be carried out on the occasion of the second or third
annual survey.
Class Renewal Surveys. Class
renewal surveys, also known as special surveys, are carried out for the ship's
hull, machinery, including the electrical plant and for any special equipment
classed, at the intervals indicated by the character of classification for the
hull. At the special survey the vessel is thoroughly examined, including
audio-gauging to determine the thickness of the steel structures. Should the
thickness be found to be less than class requirements, the classification
society would prescribe steel renewals. The classification society may grant a
one year grace period for completion of the special survey. Substantial amounts
of money may have to be spent for steel renewals to pass a special survey if the
vessel experiences excessive wear and tear. In lieu of the special survey every
four or five years, depending on whether a grace period was granted, a ship
owner has the option of arranging with the classification society for the
vessel's hull or machinery to be on a continuous survey cycle, in which every
part of the vessel would be surveyed within a five year cycle. At an owner's
application, the surveys required for class renewal may be split according to an
agreed schedule to extend over the entire period of class. This process is
referred to as continuous class renewal.
28
All areas
subject to survey as defined by the classification society are required to be
surveyed at least once per class period, unless shorter intervals between
surveys are prescribed elsewhere. The period between two subsequent surveys of
each area must not exceed five years.
Most vessels
are also drydocked every 30 to 36 months for inspection of the underwater
parts and for repairs related to inspections. If any defects are found, the
classification surveyor will issue a “recommendation” which must be rectified by
the ship owner within prescribed time limits.
Most
insurance underwriters make it a condition for insurance coverage that a vessel
be certified as “in class” by a classification society which is a member of the
International Association of Classification Societies. All our vessels are
certified as being “in class” by Lloyd's Register of Shipping. All new and
secondhand vessels that we purchase must be certified prior to their delivery
under our standard purchase contracts and memorandum of agreement. If the vessel
is not certified on the date of closing, we have no obligation to take delivery
of the vessel.
Risk
of Loss and Liability Insurance
General
The
operation of any drybulk vessel includes risks such as mechanical failure,
collision, property loss, cargo loss or damage and business interruption due to
political circumstances in foreign countries, hostilities and labor strikes. In
addition, there is always an inherent possibility of marine disaster, including
oil spills and other environmental mishaps, and the liabilities arising from
owning and operating vessels in international trade. OPA, which imposes
virtually unlimited liability upon owners, operators and demise charterers of
vessels trading in the United States exclusive economic zone for certain oil
pollution accidents in the United States, has made liability insurance more
expensive for ship owners and operators trading in the United States
market.
While we
maintain hull and machinery insurance, war risks insurance, protection and
indemnity cover, increased value insurance and freight, demurrage and defense
cover for our operating fleet in amounts that we believe to be prudent to cover
normal risks in our operations, we may not be able to achieve or maintain this
level of coverage throughout a vessel's useful life. Furthermore, while we
believe that our present insurance coverage is adequate, not all risks can be
insured, and there can be no guarantee that any specific claim will be paid, or
that we will always be able to obtain adequate insurance coverage at reasonable
rates.
Hull &
Machinery and War Risks Insurance
We
maintain marine hull and machinery and war risks insurance, which covers the
risk of actual or constructive total loss, for all of our vessels. Our vessels
are covered up to at least fair market value with deductibles of between $75,000
and $100,000 per vessel per incident. We also maintain increased value coverage
for each of our vessels. Under this increased value coverage, in the event of
total loss of a vessel, we will be entitled to recover amounts not recoverable
under the hull and machinery policy that we have entered into due to
under-insurance.
Protection
and Indemnity Insurance
Protection
and indemnity insurance is provided by mutual protection and indemnity
associations, or P&I Associations, which insure our third party liabilities
in connection with our shipping activities. This includes third-party liability
and other related expenses resulting from the injury or death of crew,
passengers and other third parties, the loss or damage to cargo, claims arising
from collisions with other vessels, damage to other third-party property,
pollution arising from oil or other substances and salvage, towing and other
related costs, including wreck removal. Protection and indemnity insurance is a
form of mutual indemnity insurance, extended by protection and indemnity mutual
associations, or “clubs.” Subject to the “capping” discussed below, our
coverage, except for pollution, is unlimited.
29
Our current
protection and indemnity insurance coverage for pollution is $1 billion per
vessel per incident. The fourteen P&I Associations that comprise the
International Group insure approximately 90% of the world's commercial tonnage
and have entered into a pooling agreement to reinsure each association's
liabilities. As a member of a P&I Association, which is a member of the
International Group, we are subject to calls payable to the associations based
on the group's claim records as well as the claim records of all other members
of the individual associations and members of the pool of P&I Associations
comprising the International Group.
C. Organizational
structure
Paragon
Shipping Inc. is the sole owner of all of the issued and outstanding shares of
the subsidiaries listed on Exhibit 8.1 to our annual report on Form 20-F for the
fiscal year ended December 31, 2007.
D. Property,
plants and equipment
We do not
own any real property. We lease office space in Athens, Greece from Granitis
Glyfada Real Estate Ltd, a company beneficiary owned by our chief executive
officer.
Item
4A. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item
5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
The
following management's discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction
with our historical consolidated financial statements and their notes included
elsewhere in this report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements
that reflect our current views with respect to future events and financial
performance. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in
these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, such as those
set forth in the section entitled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this annual
report.
A. Operating
results
We are
Paragon Shipping Inc., a company incorporated in the Republic of the
Marshall Islands in April 2006 to provide drybulk shipping services
worldwide. We are a provider of international seaborne transportation services,
carrying various drybulk cargoes including iron ore, coal, grain, bauxite,
phosphate and fertilizers. We commenced operations in December 2006 and
completed our initial public offering in August 2007. Our current fleet consists
of seven Panamax drybulk carriers, one Supramax drybulk carrier and three
Handymax drybulk carriers.
Allseas is
responsible for all commercial and technical management functions for our fleet.
Allseas is an affiliate of our chairman and chief executive officer, Michael
Bodouroglou.
We primarily
employ our vessels on period charters. We may also employ our vessels in the
spot charter market, on voyage charters or trip time charters, which generally
last from 10 days to three months. A spot market voyage charter is
generally a contract to carry a specific cargo from a load port to a discharge
port for an agreed upon total amount. Under spot market voyage charters, we pay
voyage expenses such as port, canal and fuel costs. A spot market trip time
charter and a period time charter are generally contracts to charter a vessel
for a fixed period of time at a set daily rate. Under trip time charters and
period time charters, the charterer pays voyage expenses such as port, canal and
fuel costs. Whether our drybulk carriers are employed in the spot market or on
time charters, we pay for vessel operating expenses, which include crew costs,
provisions, deck and engine stores, lubricating oil, insurance, maintenance and
repairs. We are also responsible for each vessel's intermediate and special
survey costs.
30
RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
Our revenues
consist of earnings under the charters that we employ our vessels on. We believe
that the important measures for analyzing trends in the results of our
operations consist of the following:
LACK
OF HISTORICAL OPERATING DATA FOR VESSELS BEFORE THEIR ACQUISITION
Consistent
with shipping industry practice, other than inspection of the physical condition
of the vessels and examinations of classification society records, neither we
nor our affiliated entities conduct any historical financial due diligence
process when we acquire vessels. Accordingly, neither we nor our affiliated
entities have obtained the historical operating data for the vessels from the
sellers because that information is not material to our decision to make
acquisitions, nor do we believe it would be helpful to potential investors in
assessing our business or profitability. Most vessels are sold under a
standardized agreement, which, among other things, provides the buyer with the
right to inspect the vessel and the vessel's classification society records. The
standard agreement does not give the buyer the right to inspect, or receive
copies of, the historical operating data of the vessel. Prior to the delivery of
a purchased vessel, the seller typically removes from the vessel all records,
including past financial records and accounts related to the vessel. In
addition, the technical management agreement between the seller's technical
manager and the seller is automatically terminated and the vessel's trading
certificates are revoked by its flag state following a change in
ownership.
Consistent
with shipping industry practice, we treat the acquisition of vessels, (whether
acquired with or without charter) from unaffiliated parties as the acquisition
of an asset rather than a business. We intend to acquire vessels free of
charter, although the three drybulk vessels we acquired during the third quarter
in 2007 and the two drybulk vessels we acquired in the fourth quarter in 2007,
had time charters attached, and we may, in the future, acquire additional
vessels with time charters attached. Where a vessel has been under a voyage
charter, the vessel is delivered to the buyer free of charter, and it is rare in
the shipping industry for the last charterer of the vessel in the hands of the
seller to continue as the first charterer of the vessel in the hands of the
buyer. In most cases, when a vessel is under time charter and the buyer wishes
to assume that charter, the vessel cannot be acquired without the charterer's
consent and the buyer entering into a separate direct agreement with the
charterer to assume the charter, as we have done in connection with the five
vessels we acquired in the third and the fourth quarter in 2007. The purchase of
a vessel itself does not generally transfer the charter, because it is a
separate service agreement between the vessel owner and the
charterer.
31
When we
purchase a vessel and assume or renegotiate a related time charter, we must take
the following steps before the vessel will be ready to commence
operations:
The
following discussion is intended to help you understand how acquisitions of
vessels affect our business and results of operations:
Our business
is comprised of the following main elements:
The
employment and operation of our vessels requires the following main
components:
32
The
management of financial, general and administrative elements involved in the
conduct of our business and ownership of our vessels requires the following main
components:
The
principal factors that affect our profitability, cash flows and shareholders'
return on investment include:
TIME
CHARTER REVENUES
Time charter
revenues are driven primarily by the number of vessels that we have in our
fleet, the number of voyage days during which our vessels generate revenues and
the amount of daily charter hire that our vessels earn under charters, which, in
turn, are affected by a number of factors, including our decisions relating to
vessel acquisitions and disposals, the amount of time that we spend positioning
our vessels, the amount of time that our vessels spend in drydock undergoing
repairs, maintenance and upgrade work, the age, condition and specifications of
our vessels, levels of supply and demand in the drybulk carrier market and other
factors affecting spot market charter rates for our vessels.
Vessels
operating on period time charters provide more predictable cash flows, but can
yield lower profit margins than vessels operating in the spot charter market
during periods characterized by favorable market conditions. Vessels operating
in the spot charter market generate revenues that are less predictable but may
enable us to capture increased profit margins during periods of improvements in
charter rates although we are exposed to the risk of declining charter rates,
which may have a materially adverse impact on our financial performance. If we
employ vessels on period time charters, future spot market rates may be higher
or lower than the rates at which we have employed our vessels on period time
charters.
TIME
CHARTER EQUIVALENT (TCE)
A standard
maritime industry performance measure used to evaluate performance is the daily
time charter equivalent, or daily TCE. Daily TCE revenues are voyage revenues
minus voyage expenses divided by the number of voyage days during the relevant
time period. Voyage expenses primarily consist of port, canal and fuel costs
that are unique to a particular voyage, which would otherwise be paid by a
charterer under a time charter, as well as commissions. We believe that the
daily TCE neutralizes the variability created by unique costs associated with
particular voyages or the employment of vessels on time charter or on the spot
market and presents a more accurate representation of the revenues generated by
our vessels.
33
The average
daily TCE rate of our fleet of vessels acquired and delivered as of December 31,
2007 was $28,563 for the year ended December 31, 2007. The average daily TCE
rate for the fleet of four vessels acquired and delivered as of
December 31, 2006 was $25,460 for the period from inception (April 26,
2006) to December 31, 2006. The increase in the average daily TCE rate of
our fleet reflects the higher time charter rates prevailing in the market during
2007 compared to 2006. Furthermore, it reflects the change in the composition of
our fleet of vessels in 2007 which comprised of seven Panamax drybulk carriers,
three Handymax drybulk carriers and one Supramax drybulk carrier operating in
aggregate for 2,622 calendar days, from three Panamax drybulk carriers and one
Handymax drybulk carrier operating in aggregate for 185 calendar days in
2006.
OUT
OF MARKET ACQUIRED TIME CHARTERS
When vessels
are acquired with time charters attached and the charter rate on such charters
is above or below market, we include the fair value of the above or below market
charter in the cost of the vessel on a relative fair value basis and records a
corresponding asset or liability for the above or below market charter. The fair
value is computed as the present value of the difference between the contractual
amount to be received over the term of the time charter and the management's
estimate of the then current market charter rate for equivalent vessels at the
time of acquisition. The asset or liability record is amortized over the
remaining period of the time charter as a reduction or addition to time charter
revenue.
Accordingly,
the relative fair value of time charters acquired and recorded in “Below market
acquired time charters” in the consolidated balance sheet before accumulated
amortization, was $165,000 for the period from inception (April 26, 2006) to
December 31, 2006, in respect of the Kind Seas and 59,377,344 for
the year ended December 31, 2007, in respect of the Crystal Seas, Sapphire Seas, Pearl Seas, Diamond Sea, Coral Seas and Golden Seas. The amount
recorded in below market acquired time charters is amortized over the remaining
period of the time charter as an increase to time charter revenue. Amortization
of below market acquired time charters was $41,250 and $8,423,492 for the period
from inception (April 26, 2006) to December 31, 2006 and for the year
ended December 31, 2007, respectively. Two of the vessels’ time charters expired
and the relevant amount was fully amortized during 2007.
VESSEL
OPERATING EXPENSES
Our vessel
operating expenses include crew wages and related costs, the cost of insurance,
expenses relating to repairs and maintenance, the costs of spares and consumable
stores, tonnage taxes, other miscellaneous expenses and dry-docking expenses. We
elected to change our method of accounting for dry-docking costs in 2007, from
the deferral method to direct expense method and we applied the direct expense
method in our first dry-docking that occurred in the fourth quarter in 2007. We
decided to change our method of accounting as we believe that the direct expense
method eliminates the significant amount of time and subjectivity that is needed
to determine which costs and activities related to dry-docking should be
deferred. For the year ended December 31, 2007 the effect in net income by
applying the direct expense method was the cost of the dry-docking of $1.18
million or $0.07 per share, basic and diluted. We anticipate that our vessel
operating expenses, which generally represent fixed costs, will increase as a
result of the enlargement of our fleet. Other factors beyond our control, some
of which may affect the shipping industry in general, including, for instance,
developments relating to market prices for insurance and difficulty in obtaining
crew, may also cause these expenses to increase.
DEPRECIATION
AND AMORTIZATION
We
depreciate our vessels on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful
lives determined to be 25 years from the date of their initial delivery
from the shipyard. Depreciation is based on cost less estimated residual
value.
34
MANAGEMENT
FEES
We pay
Allseas management fee that is adjusted according to the management agreements
based on the Euro/U.S. dollar exchange rate as published by EFG Eurobank
Ergasias S.A. two days prior to the end on the previous calendar quarter. For
the year ended December 31, 2007 an additional amount of $250,000 was paid to
Allseas for legal, accounting and finance services that were provided throughout
the year and were not covered under the management agreements mentioned
above.
GENERAL
AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES
General and
administrative expenses include share based compensation that had a major impact
in general and administrative expenses both in 2006 and 2007. In addition,
general and administrative expenses include the cost of remuneration to
directors and officers, a bonus award for executive officers, other professional
services, fares and traveling expenses, directors and officers insurance and
other expenses for our operations.
INTEREST
AND FINANCE COSTS
We have
incurred interest expense and financing costs in connection with vessel-specific
debt of our subsidiaries. We used a portion of the proceeds of our initial
public offering in August 2007 to repay part of our then-outstanding debt. We
have incurred financing costs and we also expect to incur interest expenses
under our credit facilities in connection with debt incurred to finance future
acquisitions.
PERIOD
FROM INCEPTION (APRIL 26, 2006) THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 2006 AND FOR THE
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007
As of
December 31, 2006 we had four vessels operating in our fleet namely: “Deep Seas”, “Blue Seas”, “Calm Seas” and “Kind Seas”, each of which was
delivered to us in 2006. In January 2007, we took delivery of two
additional vessels, the “Clear Seas” and “Crystal Seas”. In August and
September 2007 we took delivery of three additional vessels, the “Sapphire Seas”, “Pearl Seas,” and the “Diamond Seas” and in November and
December 2007 we took delivery of two additional vessels, the “Coral Seas” and the “Golden Seas”. The analysis that follows
is a result of the delivery of these eleven vessels. The average number of
vessels in our fleet was 7.18 in the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to
0.74 in the period from inception (April 26, 2006) through December 31,
2006.
35
36
CONVERSION
OF CLASS B COMMON SHARES; OPTION VESTING
During the
year ended December 31, 2007, we recognized non-cash compensation expense of
$18.3 million in connection with the conversion of the 2,003,288 Class B common
shares that were issued to Innovation Holdings at the time of our private
placement in the fourth quarter of 2006, into Class A common shares on a
one-for-one basis upon completion of our initial public offering in August 2007.
The terms for the conversion of Class B common shares into Class A common shares
stated that they were automatically converted on a one-for-one basis upon the
completion of a public offering raising at least $50.0 million in gross proceeds
or at the occurrence of a change in control (as defined in the Amended and
Restated Articles of Incorporation). The conversion feature of the Class B
common shares represent share-based compensation expense to Mr. Bodouroglou for
his services as an employee of the Company in ensuring timely registration of
the Class A common shares issued through the private placement and the
successful completion of a public offering raising at least $50 million in
gross proceeds. In this regard, there were two share-based payments awards—one
attributable to the 1,738,588 outstanding Class B common shares on
November 21, 2006 (date of the private placement) after adjustment for the
15% provision, and the second one on December 18, 2006 for the issuance of
the 246,700 Class B common shares.
In
determining the compensation expense attributable to the conversion feature, we
utilized the fair value of our Class B common shares based on the fact that
substantially all of the value of our Class B common shares was inherent in
the conversion feature. Without the conversion feature, the Class B common
shareholders would not be entitled to voting rights nor to receive dividends. We
valued the Class B common shares using the fair value of our Class A common
shares of $9.11 per share and determined the fair value of our Class A common
shares by deducting the fair value of 1¤5 of one warrant of $.89
from the $10 price per unit in the private placement. In estimating the value of
the Class B common shares, we did not consider the probability of
occurrence of the successful completion of a public offering raising
$50 million in gross proceeds in accordance with paragraph 48 of SFAS
No. 123(R). Accordingly, we measured the maximum compensation expense that
was finally recorded to be $18.3 million ($9.11 ´ 2,003,288
shares).
We
recognized additional compensation expense in connection with the vesting of
options to acquire 250,000 Class A common shares held by our chief executive
officer upon completion of our initial public offering in August
2007. See note 13 to our consolidated financial statements included
in this annual report.
37
Our
principal sources of funds are our operating cash flows, borrowings under our
credit facilities and equity provided by our shareholders. Our principal uses of
funds are capital expenditures to grow our fleet, maintenance costs to ensure
the quality of our drybulk carriers, comply with international shipping
standards and environmental laws and regulations, fund working capital
requirements, make principal repayments on loan facilities, and pay dividends to
our shareholders. If we do not acquire any additional vessels beyond our current
fleet, we believe that our forecasted operating cash flows will be sufficient to
meet our liquidity needs for the next two to three years assuming the charter
market does not deteriorate to the low rate environment that prevailed
subsequent to the Asian financial crisis in 1999. If we do acquire additional
vessels, we will rely on borrowings under our existing senior secured credit
facilities, proceeds from future equity offerings and revenues from operations
to meet our liquidity needs going forward.
Our business
is capital intensive and its future success will depend on our ability to
maintain a high-quality fleet through the acquisition of newer drybulk vessels
and the selective sale of older drybulk vessels. These acquisitions will be
principally subject to management's expectation of future market conditions as
well as our ability to acquire drybulk carriers on favorable terms. For a full
description of our credit facilities please refer to the discussion under the
heading “LOAN FACILITIES” below.
Our dividend
policy will also impact our future liquidity position. See ‘‘Item 8. Financial
Information — Dividend Policy.’’
We have
limited our exposure to interest rate fluctuations that will impact our future
liquidity position through the swap agreements as stated in “Item 11.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk”. For a full
description of our swap agreements please refer to the discussion under the
heading “INTEREST RATE SWAP” below.
The warrants
to purchase our common shares detached from our common shares on July 16,
2007 upon the effectiveness of a shelf registration statement covering
11,097,187 common shares and 1,849,531 warrants. We have not listed the warrants
to purchase our common shares for trading on the Nasdaq Global Market. The
warrants, as amended on May 7, 2007, may be exercised for payment at an
exercise price of $10.00 per common share, however, there is no obligation on
the holder of a warrant to do so.
CASH
FLOWS
38
LOAN
FACILITIES
HSH
Nordbank Senior Secured Credit Facility (the "Facility"):> On
December 18, 2006 we entered into a loan agreement with HSH Nordbank that,
subject to certain conditions, provided us with an amount of up to
$95.3 million. On January 9, 2007 the loan agreement was supplemented
to include the partial financing of Crystal
Seas and an increase in the amount available under the facility of up to
$109.5 million. At dates coinciding with the delivery of the
vessels and pursuant to this facility, we borrowed $77.44 million and
$108.3 million at December 31, 2006 and in January 2007, respectively,
to fund a portion of the acquisition of the first six vessels. The total loan
principal amount at December 31, 2006 and up to July 25, 2007 of $77.4
million and $108.3 million respectively, was due in June 21, 2010 in one
single payment.
On
July 25, 2007, we repaid in full the outstanding amount of
$108.3 million under the term HSH Nordbank senior secured credit facility,
by drawing the same amount under a Commerzbank AG revolving bridge loan facility
The purpose of the loan was to finance the acquisition costs of the vessels
Sapphire Seas, Pearl Seas
and Diamond Seas
and to refinance the term $108.3 million HSH Nordbank senior secured credit
facility. The Commerzbank
AG revolving bridge loan facility was later replaced by the Commerzbank AG
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility described below.
Commerzbank AG
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility:> On
November 29, 2007 we signed a loan agreement for $250.0 million. Until
Commerzbank AG transfers $50.0 million of its commitments to other banks or
financial institutions, the maximum principal amount which shall be available to
us is limited to $200.0 million. Under the terms of the loan agreement, we are
required to make periodic interest payments and to repay any principal amount
drawn under the credit facility on the final maturity date which will be no
later than December 31, 2010. Borrowings under the senior secured revolving
credit facility bear interest at an annual interest rate of LIBOR plus a margin
of 1.10% if the leverage ratio (defined as the ratio of our total outstanding
liabilities by the total assets, adjusted for the difference between the fair
market value and book value of the vessels securing the facility and for any
lease transaction relating to the vessels) is greater than 55%, and 0.95% if the
leverage ratio is equal to or less than 55%.
39
The senior
secured revolving credit facility is secured by a first priority mortgage on
five vessels, a first assignment of all freights, earnings, insurances, and
cross default with all ship-owning companies owned by us. The purpose of the
senior secured revolving credit facility was to refinance five mortgaged vessels
and in part-finance up to 50% of the lower of the fair market value and the
purchase price of future drybulk carrier acquisitions. The senior secured
revolving credit facility contains several financial and other
covenants and includes events of default, including those relating to a
failure to pay principal or interest, a breach of covenant, representation and
warranty, a cross-default to other indebtedness and non-compliance with security
documents. Furthermore, the senior secured revolving credit facility prohibits
us from paying dividends if we are in default on the facility and if, after
giving effect to the payment of the dividend, we are in breach of a covenant. We
were in breach of the indebtedness to EBITDA ratio covenant as of December 31,
2007. This breach was subsequently waived by the
lender. We believe we will comply with the covenant within the first
quarter 2008. The amount available to be drawn down under this senior secured
revolving credit facility at December 31, 2007 was $61.0 million. Any undrawn
amounts under the facility are subject to 0.25% annual commitment fee.
Bayerische
Hypo-und Vereinsbank AG Secured Credit Facility:> On November 19,
2007 we entered into a secured credit facility with Bayerische Hypo-und
Vereinsbank AG that, subject to certain provisions, provided us with an amount
of up to $100.0 million to be used in financing up to 50% of the lower of the
aggregate market value and the purchase price of three vessels and of future
drybulk carrier acquisitions. Under the terms of the loan agreement, we are
required to make periodic interest payments and to repay any principal amount
drawn under the credit facility on the final maturity date which will be no
later than December 31, 2010. Borrowings under the secured credit facility bear
interest at an annual interest rate of LIBOR plus a margin of 1.40% if the
leverage ratio (defined as the ratio of our total outstanding liabilities by the
total assets, adjusted for the difference between the fair market value and book
value of the vessels securing the facility and for any lease transaction
relating to the vessels) is greater than 55%, and 1.20% if the leverage ratio is
equal to or less than 55%.
The facility
is secured by a first priority mortgage on three vessels, a first assignment of
all freights, earnings, insurances, and cross default with all ship-owning
companies owned by us. The secured credit facility contains financial and other
covenants and includes customary events of default, including those relating to
a failure to pay principal or interest, a breach of covenant, representation and
warranty, a cross-default to other indebtedness and non-compliance with security
documents and prohibits us from paying dividends if we are in default on the
facility and if, after giving effect to the payment of the dividend, we are in
breach of a covenant. We were in breach of the indebtedness to EBITDA ratio
covenant as of December 31, 2007. This breach was subsequently waived
by the lender. We believe we will comply with the covenant within the
first quarter 2008. The amount available to be drawn down under this secured
credit facility at December 31, 2007 was $10.0 million. Any undrawn portion of
the facility amount is subject to 0.375% annual commitment fee.
Bank of Scotland
plc Secured Revolving Credit Facility:> On December 4, 2007 we
entered into a secured revolving credit facility with Bank of Scotland plc that,
subject to certain conditions, provided us with an amount of up to $89.0 million
to be used in part-financing or re-financing the acquisition of two vessels and
of future drybulk carrier acquisitions. Under the terms of the loan agreement,
we are required to make quarterly interest payments and to reduce the initial
facility limit by 20 quarterly mandatory limit reductions, commencing three
months after the delivery date of the second vessel as follows: twelve payments
of $2,250,000 each and eight payments of $562,500 each, plus a final repayment
of up to $57,500,000 on the final maturity date which will be no later than
December 31, 2012. Subject to the scheduled mandatory facility limit reductions,
the facility limit will be available for drawing throughout the facility
duration on a fully revolving basis. In the balance sheet as at December 31,
2007, an amount of $9.0 million was recorded as current portion of a long-term
debt and an amount of $80.0 million was recorded as long-term debt. Drawn
amounts bear interest at the rate of LIBOR plus a margin of 1.30% if the
leverage ratio (defined as the ratio of our total outstanding liabilities by the
total assets, adjusted for the difference between the fair market value and book
value of the vessels securing the facility and for any lease transaction
relating to the vessels) is greater than 55%, and 1.15% if the leverage ratio is
equal to or less than 55%.
40
The facility
is secured by a first priority mortgage on the two vessels, a first assignment
of all freights, earnings, insurances, and cross default with all ship-owning
companies owned by us. The facility contains financial and other covenants and
includes customary events of default, including those relating to a failure to
pay principal or interest, a breach of covenant, representation and warranty, a
cross-default to other indebtedness and non-compliance with security documents
and prohibits us from paying dividends if we are in default on the facility and
if, after giving effect to the payment of the dividend, we are in breach of a
covenant. The full amount was drawn down under this facility. Any undrawn
portion of the facility amount is subject to 0.5% annual commitment fee.
First Business
Bank S.A. Secured Revolving
Credit Facility:> On April 16, 2008 we entered into a secured
revolving credit facility with First Business Bank S.A. for up to $30.0 million
to provide us with working capital. The full amount of $30.0 million was drawn
down under this facility. Under the terms of the loan agreement we are required
to make periodic interest and capital payments to reduce the initial facility
limit commencing from the drawdown date of the loan as follows: twelve payments
of $0.85 million each and twenty payments of $0.69 million each, plus a final
repayment of up to $6.0 million on the final maturity date which will be in
eight years from the drawdown date of the loan. Drawn amounts under the secured
revolving credit facility bear interest at an annual interest rate of LIBOR plus
a margin of 1.20%.
The facility
is secured by a first priority mortgage on one vessel, a first assignment of all
freights, earnings, insurances, and cross default with all ship-owning companies
owned by us. The ship-owning company of the mortgaged vessel is a party to this
facility as corporate guarantor. The facility contains financial and other
covenants and includes customary events of default, including those relating to
a failure to pay principal or interest, a breach of covenant, representation and
warranty, a cross-default to other indebtedness and non-compliance with security
documents and prohibits us from paying dividends if we are in default on the
facility and if, after giving effect to the payment of the dividend, we are in
breach of a covenant. The full amount was drawn down under this facility. Any
undrawn portion of the facility amount is subject to 0.375% annual commitment
fee.
INTEREST
RATE SWAP
Effective
December 20, 2007, we entered into an interest rate swap with Bayerische
Hypo-und Vereinsbank AG on a notional amount of $50.0 million, based on
expected principal outstanding under our credit facility, in order to manage
interest costs and the risk associated with changing interest rates. Under the
terms of the swap, we make quarterly payments to Bayerische Hypo-und Vereinsbank
AG on the relevant amount at a fixed rate of 5% if 3 month LIBOR is greater
than 5%, at three months LIBOR if 3 month LIBOR is between 3.15% and 5%,
and at 3.15% if 3 month LIBOR is equal to or less than 3.15%. Bayerische
Hypo-und Vereinsbank AG makes quarterly floating-rate payments to us for the
relevant amount based on the 3 month LIBOR. The term of the derivative is
3 years and coincides with the maturity of the senior secured credit
facility with Bayerische Hypo-und Vereinsbank AG of which a maximum of
$50.0 million was conditional on entering into the interest-rate
swap.
Effective
December 20, 2007, we entered into an interest rate multi callable swap
with Bayerische Hypo-und Vereinsbank AG on a notional amount of
$50.0 million, based on expected principal outstanding under our credit
facility, in order to manage interest costs and the risk associated with
changing interest rates. Under the terms of the swap, Bayerische Hypo-und
Vereinsbank AG makes a quarterly payment to us based on 3 month LIBOR less 3.5%
on the relevant amount if 3 month LIBOR is greater than 3.5%. If
3 month LIBOR is less than 3.5% Bayerische Hypo-und Vereinsbank AG receives
an amount from us based on 3.5% less 3 month LIBOR for the relevant
amount. If LIBOR is equal to 3.5% no amount is due or payable to us.
Bayerische Hypo-und Vereinsbank AG may at its sole discretion cancel permanently
this swap agreement commencing on March 20, 2008 up to and including September
20, 2010 upon five business days notice. The term of the derivative is
3 years and coincides with the maturity of our senior secured credit
facility with Bayerische Hypo-und Vereinsbank AG.
41
Effective
December 21, 2007, we entered into an interest rate swap with Bank of
Scotland plc on a notional amount of $50.0 million, based on expected
principal outstanding under our credit facility, in order to manage interest
costs and the risk associated with changing interest rates. Under the terms of
the swap, we make quarterly payments to Bank of Scotland plc on the relevant
amount at a fixed rate of 5% if 3 month LIBOR is greater than 5%, at three
months LIBOR if 3 month LIBOR is between 3.77% and 5%, and at 3.77% if
3 month LIBOR is equal to or less than 3.77%. Bank of Scotland
plc makes quarterly floating-rate payments to us for the relevant amount based
on the 3 month LIBOR. The swap transaction effectively limits our expected
floating-rate interest obligation under its secured revolving credit facility with Bank of Scotland plc to a range of
3.77% and 5%, exclusive of margin due to its lenders. The term of the derivative
is 5 years and coincides with the maturity of our secured revolving credit
facility with the Bank of Scotland plc of which a maximum of $50.0 million
was conditional on entering into the interest-rate swap.
On
January 15, 2008 the HSH Nordbank interest rate swap has been novated to
Commerzbank AG and the $3.0 million restricted cash that was placed as security
deposit for the contractual obligation under the interest rate swap agreement
with HSH Nordbank, has been released. All other terms of the interest
rate swap agreement remained unchanged. C.
Research and development, patents and licenses
We incur
from time to time expenditures relating to inspections for acquiring new vessels
that meet our standards. Such expenditures are insignificant and they are
expensed as they incur.
D.
Trend information
Our results
of operations depend primarily on the charter hire rates that we are able to
realize. Charter hire rates paid for drybulk carriers are primarily a
function of the underlying balance between vessel supply and
demand.
The demand
for drybulk carrier capacity is determined by the underlying demand for
commodities transported in drybulk carriers, which in turn is influenced by
trends in the global economy. According to analysts, between 2001 and 2007,
trade in all drybulk commodities increased from approximately 2.1 billion
tons to 3.0 billion tons, equivalent to a compound average growth rate of
5.2%.
The
increasingly active grain market, with Asia again the largest contributor to
growth, should be incremental for transportation distances as shipments are
being sourced from origins such as the Black Sea, the U.S. Gulf and Argentina.
One of the primary reasons for the resurgence in drybulk trade has been the
growth in imports by China of iron ore, coal and steel products during the last
five years. The driver of this dramatic upsurge in charter rates was
primarily the high level of demand for raw materials imported by China. Rates
declined somewhat in 2006, but in 2007 have risen again to record highs on the
strength of continued high demand for drybulk shipping capacity. During the
first quarter in 2008 the charter hire rates for Panamax and Capesize drybulk
carries have declined from their historical highs but still remain close to
those levels. Demand for drybulk carrier capacity is also affected by the
operating efficiency of the global fleet, with port congestion, which has been a
feature of the market since 2004, absorbing tonnage and therefore leading to a
tighter balance between supply and demand.
It is
expected that increases in cargo demand will continue in 2008, and this is
likely to be broadly matched by increases in tonnage supply. Factors affecting
the supply and demand balance such as the ton-mile effect and congestion will
continue having a generally beneficial effect on this balance. Given the
imbalance in iron ore flows, it is more likely than not that the second half of
2008 will be stronger than the first half. Risks on the downside include the
down side risks of the whole commodity cycle, the growing bottlenecks in cargo
generation and over investment in ships and shipbuilding capacity.
The supply
of drybulk carriers is dependent on the delivery of new vessels and the removal
of vessels from the global fleet, either through scrapping or loss. Currently,
newbuilding statistics from shipping analysts, show that approximately 129
million tons dwt of drybulk vessels are on order, representing approximately 48%
of the existing fleet. These vessels are scheduled for delivery over
the next four years. The level of scrapping activity is generally a
function of scrapping prices in relation to current and prospective charter
market conditions, as well as operating, repair and survey costs. The
average age at which a vessel is scrapped over the last five years has been
26 years. However, due to recent strength in the drybulk
shipping industry, the current average age at which drybulk vessels are being
scrapped has increased.
42
E.
Off-balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not
have any off-balance sheet arrangements.
F.
Contractual Obligations
The
following table sets forth our contractual obligations, in thousands of U.S.$,
and their maturity dates as of December 31, 2007:
________________
G.
Safe Harbor
See section
“forward looking statements” at the beginning of this annual
report.
We adopted a
shareholders rights plan on January 4, 2008 and declared a dividend distribution
of one preferred share purchase right to purchase one one-thousandth of our
Series A Participating Preferred Stock for each outstanding share of our common
stock, par value $0.001 per share to shareholders of record at the close of
business on February 1, 2008. Each right entitles the registered holder, upon
the occurrence of certain events, to purchase from us one one-thousandth of a
share of Series A Participating Preferred Stock at an exercise price of $75,
subject to adjustment. The rights will expire on the earliest of (i) February 1,
2018 or (ii) redemption or exchange of the rights. The plan was designed to
enable us to protect shareholder interests in the event that an unsolicited
attempt is made for a business combination with or takeover of us. We believe
that the shareholder rights plan should enhance the Board’s negotiating power on
behalf of shareholders in the event of a coercive offer or proposal. We are not
currently aware of any such offers or proposals and adopted the plan as a matter
of prudent corporate governance.
43
Critical
Accounting policies
The
discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is
based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in
accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of those financial statements
requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amount of
assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of
contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financial statements.
Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or
conditions.
Critical
accounting policies are those that reflect significant judgments or
uncertainties, and potentially result in materially different results under
different assumptions and conditions. We have described below what we believe
are our most critical accounting policies that involve a high degree of judgment
and the methods of their application. For a description of all of our
significant accounting policies, see Note 2 to our consolidated financial
statements included elsewhere herein.
Revenue and
Expenses: Revenues
are generated from voyage and time charter agreements.
Time Charter
Revenues:> Time
charter revenues are recorded over the term of the charter as service is
provided. When two or more time charter rates are involved during the life term
of a charter agreement, the Company is recognizing revenue on a straight line
basis. Time charter revenues received in advance are recorded as deferred
income, until charter service is rendered.
When vessels
are acquired with time charters attached and the charter rate on such charters
is above or below market, we allocate the fair value of the above or below
market charter to the cost of the vessel on a relative fair value basis and
records a corresponding asset or liability for the above or below market
charter. The fair value is computed as the present value of the difference
between the contractual amount to be received over the term of the time charter
and the management's estimate of the then current market charter rate for
equivalent vessels at the time of acquisition. The asset or liability record is
amortized over the remaining period of the time charter as a reduction or
addition to charter hire revenue.
Impairment of
Long-Lived Assets:> We
apply SFAS No. 144 "Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-lived
Assets", which addresses financial accounting and reporting for the impairment
or disposal of long-lived assets. The standard requires that, long-lived assets
and certain identifiable intangibles held and used or disposed of by an entity
be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate
that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. An impairment
loss for an asset held for use should be recognized when the estimate of
undiscounted cash flows, excluding interest charges, expected to be generated by
the use of the asset is less than its carrying amount. Measurement of the
impairment loss is based on the fair value of the asset. In this respect, we
regularly review the carrying amount of the vessels to determine if they are
recoverable and no amount has been deemed necessary to be recorded as an
impairment loss, following impairment tests we carried out.
Vessel
Depreciation:> Depreciation
is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the
vessels, after considering the estimated salvage value. Each vessel's salvage
value is equal to the product of its lightweight tonnage and estimated scrap
rate.
We estimate
the useful life of the Company's vessels to be 25 years from the date of
initial delivery from the shipyard (secondhand vessels are depreciated from the
date of their acquisition through their remaining estimated useful
life).
Vessel Cost:
> Vessels
are stated at cost, which consists of the contract price less discounts, plus
any material expenses incurred upon acquisition (delivery expenses and other
expenditures to prepare the vessel for her initial voyage). Subsequent
expenditures for conversions and major improvements are also capitalized when
they appreciably extend the life, increase the earning capacity or improve the
efficiency or safety of the vessels. Repairs and maintenance are charged to
expense as incurred.
44
Dry-Docking and
Special Survey Costs:> For
the period from inception (April 26, 2006) to December 31, 2006 we followed the
deferral method of accounting for dry-docking costs whereby actual costs
incurred are deferred and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the period
through the expected date of the next dry-docking but no dry-docking costs were
incurred during this period. In the fourth quarter in 2007, we elected to change
our method of accounting for dry-docking costs, to the direct expense method as
we believe that the direct expense method eliminates the significant amount of
time and subjectivity that is needed to determine which costs and activities
related to dry-docking should be deferred. In respect of SFAS No. 154,
"Accounting Changes and Error Corrections, a Replacement of APB Opinion
No. 20 and SFAS 3" ("SFAS 154") there is no prior-period information
that has been retrospectively adjusted as the first dry-docking only occurred in
the fourth quarter in 2007. For the year ended December 31, 2007 the effect in
net income by applying the direct expense method was the cost of the dry-docking
of $1.18 million or $0.07 per share, basic and diluted.
Recent Accounting
Pronouncements:> In
September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB")
issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 157, "Fair
Value Measurement" ("SFAS 157"). SFAS 157 addresses standardizing the
measurement of fair value for companies that are required to use a fair value
measure for recognition or disclosure purposes. The FASB defines fair value as
"the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a
liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the
measurement date." SFAS 157 is effective for financial statements issued
for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. We are currently
evaluating the impact, if any, of SFAS 157 on its financial position,
results of operations and cash flows.
In
June 2006, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 48, "Accounting for
Uncertainty in Income Taxes" (FIN 48), which supplements SFAS No. 109,
"Accounting for Income Taxes", by defining the confidence level that a tax
position must meet in order to be recognized in the financial statements. The
Interpretation requires that the tax effects of a position be recognized only if
it is "more-likely-than-not" to be sustained based solely on its technical
merits as of the reporting date. The more-likely-than-not threshold represents a
positive assertion by management that a company is entitled to the economic
benefits of a tax position. If a tax position is not considered
more-likely-than-not to be sustained based solely on its technical merits, no
benefits of the position are to be recognized.
Moreover,
the more-likely-than-not threshold must continue to be met in each reporting
period to support continued recognition of a benefit. At adoption, companies
must adjust their financial statements to reflect only those tax positions that
are more-likely-than-not to be sustained as of the adoption date. Any necessary
adjustment would be recorded directly to retained earnings in the period of
adoption and reported as a change in accounting principle. This Interpretation
is effective as of the beginning of the first fiscal year beginning after
December 15, 2006. In 2007, the adoption of FIN 48 did not have a material
impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash
flows.
In
September 2006, the FASB Staff issued FSP No. AUG AIR-1, "Accounting for
Planned Major Maintenance Activities," ("FSP No. AUG AIR-1"). FSP No. AUG AIR-1
prohibits the use of the accrue-in-advance method of accounting for planned
major maintenance activities in annual and interim financial reporting periods,
if no liability is required to be recorded for an asset retirement obligation
based on a legal obligation for which the event obligating the entity has
occurred. FSP No. AUG AIR-1 also requires disclosures regarding the method of
accounting for planned major maintenance activities and the effects of
implementing the FSP. The guidance in FSP No. AUG AIR-1 is effective for us as
of January 1, 2007. No planned major maintenance activities took place
during the period from inception (April 26, 2006) to December 31,
2006. There were two planned major maintenance activities, that took place in
the fourth quarter in 2007 following the adoption of the new policy and we
accounted for those expenses by adopting the direct expense method and recorded
those expenses as incurred for the year ended December 31, 2007. The new
accounting principle will be presented in all periods presented in future
earning releases and filings. The retrospective effect in net income and per
share information will be nil as there was no planned major maintenance activity
before the adoption of the new accounting principle. For the year ended December
31, 2007 the effect in net income by applying the direct expense method was the
cost of the dry-docking of $1,184,140 or $0.07 per share, basic and
diluted.
45
On
September 13, 2006, the SEC released staff accounting bulleting ("SAB")
No. 108, which provides guidance on materiality. SAB No. 108 states
that registrants should use both a balance sheet approach and an income
statement approach when quantifying and evaluating the materiality of a
misstatement, contains guidance on correcting errors under the dual approach,
and provides transition guidance for correcting errors existing in prior years.
If prior-year errors that had been previously considered immaterial (based on
the appropriate use of the registrant's prior approach) now are considered
material based on the approach in the SAB, the registrant need not restate prior
period financial statements. SAB No. 108 is effective for annual financial
statements covering the first fiscal year ending after November 15, 2006.
This statement is effective for us for the fiscal year ending December 31,
2006 and onwards. SAB No. 108 did not have a material impact on our
financial position and results of operations.
In
February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, "The Fair Value Option
for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities" ("SFAS 159"), which permits
entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items
at fair value. SFAS 159 is effective as of the beginning of an entity's
first fiscal year that begins after November 15, 2007. Earlier adoption is
permitted as of the beginning of a fiscal year that begins on or before
November 15, 2007, provided the entity also elects to apply the provisions
of FASB Statement No. 157, "Fair Value Measurements." We are currently
evaluating the impact of SFAS 159, but do not expect the adoption of
SFAS 159 to have a material impact on our financial consolidated position,
results of operations or cash flows.
In December
2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised), “Business Combinations” (“SFAS 141
(revised)”). SFAS No. 141 (revised) relates to the business combinations and
requires the acquirer to recognize the assets acquired, the liabilities assumed,
and any non controlling interest in the acquiree at the acquisition date,
measured at their fair values as of that date. This Statement applies
prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisitions date is on or
after the beginning of the first reporting period beginning on or after December
15, 2008. An entity may not apply it before that date. We are currently
evaluating the impact, if any, of SFAS No. 141 (revised) on its financial
position, results of operations and cash flows.
Item
6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees
A.
Directors and Senior Management
Set forth
below are the names, ages and positions of our directors and executive officers.
Our board of directors is elected annually, and each director elected holds
office for a three year term or until his successor shall have been duly elected
and qualified, except in the event of his death, resignation, removal or the
earlier termination of his term of office. Officers are elected from time
to time by vote of our board of directors and hold office until a successor is
elected. The business address for each director and executive officer is c/o
Paragon Shipping Inc., 15 Karamanli Ave, Voula 16673, Athens,
Greece.
Our
board of directors is elected annually, and each director elected holds office
for a three year term or until his successor shall have been duly elected and
qualified, except in the event of his death, resignation, removal or the earlier
termination of his term of office.
Mr.
Dimitrios Sigalas became a member of our board of directors on March 20, 2008
upon the resignation of Mr. Ian Davis, who served as a member of our board of
directors since our initial public offering until his resignation effective
March 20, 2008.
46
Biographical
information with respect to each of our directors and executive officers is set
forth below.
Michael Bodouroglou> has been
our chairman and chief executive officer since June 2006.
Mr. Bodouroglou has co-founded and co-managed an independent shipping group
since 1993 and has served as co-managing director of Eurocarriers and Allseas,
which he co-founded, since 1994 and 2000, respectively. Mr. Bodouroglou
disposed of his interest in Eurocarriers in September 2006. Prior to
founding Eurocarriers, Mr. Bodouroglou served from 1984 to 1992 as
technical superintendent for Thenamaris (Ships Management) Inc., where he
was responsible for all technical matters of a product tanker fleet.
Mr. Bodouroglou served as technical superintendent for Manta Line, a dry
cargo shipping company, in 1983 and as technical superintendent for Styga
Compania Naviera, a tanker company, from 1981 to 1983. Mr. Bodouroglou
graduated from the University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne in the United Kingdom with
a Bachelor of Science in Marine Engineering, with honors, in 1977, and received
a Masters of Science in Naval Architecture in 1978. Mr. Bodouroglou is a
member of the Cayman Islands Shipowners' Advisory Council and is also a member
of the Board of Academic Entrepreneurship of the Free University of Varna,
Bulgaria.
George Skrimizeas> has been our
executive director and chief operating officer since June 2006.
Mr. Skrimizeas has been general manager of Allseas since May 2006.
From 1996 to 2006, Mr. Skrimizeas has held various positions in Allseas,
Eurocarriers and their affiliates, including general manager, accounts and human
resources manager, and finance and administration manager. Mr. Skrimizeas
worked as account manager for ChartWorld Shipping from 1995 to 1996 and as
accounts and administration manager for Arktos Investments Inc. from 1994
to 1995. From 1988 to 1994, Mr. Skrimizeas was accounts and administration
manager for Candia Shipping Co. S.A. and accountant and chief accounting
officer—deputy human resources manager in their Athens, Romania, Hong Kong and
London offices. Mr. Skrimizeas received his Bachelor of Science degree in
Business Administration from the University of Piraeus, Greece in 1988 and
completed the coursework necessary to obtain his Masters of Science in Finance
from the University of Leicester, in the United Kingdom, in 2002.
Mr. Skrimizeas is a member of the Hellenic Chamber of Economics and the
Association of Chief Executive Officers.
Christopher J. Thomas> has been
our chief financial officer since October 2006. Prior to joining us,
Mr. Thomas served as director, vice president, treasurer and chief
financial officer of DryShips Inc., a Nasdaq-listed drybulk company. Since
November 2001, Mr. Thomas has been an independent financial consultant
to numerous international shipowning and operating companies. Mr. Thomas is
also on the board of directors of TOP Ships Inc., which is a publicly
listed company with securities registered under the Exchange Act. From 1999 to
2004, Mr. Thomas was the chief financial officer and a director of Excel
Maritime Carriers Ltd. which is also a publicly traded company currently
listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Prior to joining Excel, he was Financial
Manager of Cardiff Marine Inc. and Alpha Shipping plc. Mr. Thomas
holds a degree in Business Administration from Crawley University,
England.
Nigel D. Cleave> is a
non-executive director. In 2006, Mr. Cleave was appointed to his current
position as chief executive officer of Epic Ship Management Limited, a ship
management company engaged in the provision of a complete range of ship
management services on behalf of an international clientele base, with offices
located in Cyprus, Singapore, Germany, the U.K. and the Philippines. Prior to
this, Mr. Cleave served as group managing director of Dobson Fleet Management
Limited from 1993 to 2006, a ship management company based in Cyprus and, prior
to his position at Dobson, Mr. Cleave was the deputy general manager for
Hanseatic Shipping Company Limited from 1991 to 1993. From 1988 to 1991,
Mr. Cleave held fleet operation roles with PPI Lines, including that of
fleet operations manager. From 1975 to 1986, Mr. Cleave held various
positions at The Cunard Steamship Company plc, including navigation cadet
officer, third officer, second officer, financial and planning assistant,
assistant to the group company secretary and assistant operations manager.
Mr. Cleave graduated from the Riversdale College of Technology in the
United Kingdom with an O.N.C. in Nautical Science in 1979. Mr. Cleave is a
board member of the Marine Shipping Mutual Insurance Company Limited, and is the
Chairman of the Cayman Islands Shipowners' Advisory Council. Mr. Cleave is
a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Shipbrokers, acts as a Member of the
Cyprus Committee of Germanischer Lloyd and the Cyprus Technical Committee of DnV
(both being advisory committees covering technical related issues with the
Classification Society). Mr. Cleave also serves as the Chairman of the
Mission to Seafarers Cyprus Branch.
47
Bruce Ogilvy> is a
non-executive director. From 2003 to 2005 Mr. Ogilvy served as a consultant
to Stelmar Tankers (Management) Ltd. and from 1992 to 2002, he was managing
director of Stelmar Tankers (U.K.) Ltd., a subsidiary of Stelmar Tankers
(Management) Ltd., through which the group's commercial business, including
chartering and sale and purchase activities, were carried out. In 1992,
Mr. Ogilvy joined Stelios Haj-Ioannou to form Stelmar Tankers
(Management) Ltd., and served on its board of directors from its inception
to 2002. During his ten years with Stelmar Tankers (Management) Ltd.,
Stelmar Shipping Ltd. completed an initial public offering on the New York
Stock Exchange in 2001 and a secondary listing in 2002. Prior to his association
with Stelmar Tankers (Management) Ltd., Mr. Ogilvy served in various
capacities, including chartering and sale and purchase activities with Shell
International. Mr. Ogilvy graduated from Liverpool University, in the
United Kingdom, in 1963 with a degree as Ship Master. Mr. Ogilvy served on
the Council of Intertanko, an industry body that represents the interests of
independent tanker owners, since 1994 and on its Executive Board from 2003 until
2005. Mr. Ogilvy has been an active member of the Chartered Institute of
Shipbrokers for nearly 30 years. He served as Chairman of the London Branch
from 1999 to 2001 and currently serves as Chairman of the
Institute.
Dimitrios Sigalas> has been a
non-executive director since March 2008. Mr. Sigalas was appointed to
his current position as shipping journalist to the Greek daily newspaper
“Kathimerini” in 1988. Prior to this he served within the chartering department
of Glafki (Hellas) Maritime Corporation an Athens based shipowning company which
he joined in 1972. In 1980 Mr. Sigalas was appointed to Head of the Dry and
Tanker Chartering Department within Glafki (Hellas) Maritime
Corporation. Mr. Sigalas graduated from Cardiff University, Wales,
with a diploma in Shipping.
B.
Compensation
The
aggregate compensation that we paid members of our senior management in 2007 was
approximately $1.63 million. This amount does not reflect an additional amount
of $3.87 million bonus awards in the aggregate, that was paid to certain of
our senior executive officers for 2007 performance. We paid aggregate
compensation of $165,520 to members of our senior management in 2006. Each of
our non-employee directors received annual compensation in the aggregate amount
of $30,000 per year, plus reimbursements for actual expenses incurred while
acting in their capacity as a director. Our officers and directors are eligible
to receive awards under our equity incentive plan which is described below under
“Equity Incentive Plan”. During 2006, we granted options to our chief executive
officer and other directors and officers and restricted common shares to our
directors and officers, other than our chief executive officer, as described
below under “Equity Incentive Plan”. We do not have a retirement plan for our
officers or directors. We also recognized non-cash compensation expenses of
$18.25 million in connection with the conversion of our Class B common
shares and vesting of certain equity awards upon consummation of our initial
public offering.
C.
Board Practices
Our
board of directors has determined that each of Messrs. Cleave, Sigalas and
Ogilvy, constituting a majority of our board of directors, is independent under
the Nasdaq Global Market listing requirements and the rules and regulations
promulgated by the SEC. We have established an audit committee comprised of
three members, all of whom are independent, which is responsible for reviewing
our accounting controls and recommending to the board of directors the
engagement of our outside auditors. The members of the audit committee are Nigel
Cleave, Bruce Ogilvy and Dimitrios Sigalas. Mr. Cleave
serves as the chairman of our audit committee.
The
audit committee is responsible for assisting our Board of Directors with its
oversight responsibilities regarding the integrity of our financial statements,
our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, our independent
registered public accounting firm's qualifications and independence, and the
performance of our internal audit functions. We have not determined that
any
member of our
Audit Committee constitutes a financial expert as such term is defined in Item
407 of SEC Regulation S-X. Our board of directors has determined that
each member of the audit committee does have the financial experience required
by NASDAQ Marketplace Rule 4350(d)(2) and other relevant experience necessary to
carry out the duties and responsibilities of the company's audit
committee.
48
We
have established a compensation committee responsible for recommending to the
board of directors our senior executive officers' compensation and benefits. We
have also established a nominating and corporate governance committee which is
responsible for recommending to the board of directors nominees for directors
for appointment to board committees and advising the board with regard to
corporate governance practices. The members of each of the compensation
committee and the nominating and corporate governance committee are
Messrs. Cleave, Ogilvy, and Sigalas.
Corporate
Governance Practices
We
have certified to Nasdaq that our corporate governance practices are in
compliance with, and are not prohibited by, the laws of the Republic of the
Marshall Islands. Therefore, we are exempt from many of Nasdaq's corporate
governance practices other than the requirements regarding the disclosure of a
going concern audit opinion, submission of a listing agreement, notification of
material non-compliance with Nasdaq corporate governance practices and the
establishment of an audit committee in accordance with Nasdaq Marketplace Rules
4350(d)(3) and 4350(d)(2)(A)(ii). The practices we follow in lieu of Nasdaq's
corporate governance rules are as follows:
In
lieu of obtaining shareholder approval prior to the issuance of designated
securities, we will comply with provisions of the Marshall Islands Business
Corporations Act, or BCA, providing that the board of directors approves share
issuances.
As
a foreign private issuer, we are not required to solicit proxies or provide
proxy statements to Nasdaq pursuant to Nasdaq corporate governance rules or
Marshall Islands law. Consistent with Marshall Islands law and as provided in
our bylaws, we will notify our shareholders of meetings between 15 and
60 days before the meeting. This notification will contain, among other
things, information regarding business to be transacted at the meeting. In
addition, our bylaws provide that shareholders must give us between 150 and
180 days advance notice to properly introduce any business at a meeting of
shareholders.
Other than
as noted above, we expect to be in full compliance with all other Nasdaq
corporate governance standards applicable to U.S. domestic issuers.
D.
Crewing and Shore Employees
We currently
have four shoreside personnel, our chief executive officer, Michael Bodouroglou,
our chief operating officer, George Skrimizeas, our chief financial officer,
Christopher Thomas and our internal legal counsel and corporate secretary, Maria
Stefanou. In addition, we employee through our wholly-owned vessel owning
subsidiaries approximately 500 seafarers that crew the vessels in our fleet.
Allseas is responsible for recruiting, either directly or through a crewing
agent, the senior officers and all other crew members for our vessels. We
believe the streamlining of crewing arrangements helps to ensure that all our
vessels will be crewed with experienced seamen that have the qualifications and
licenses required by international regulations and shipping
conventions.
The
following table presents the average number of shoreside personnel and the
number of seafaring personnel employed by our vessel owning subsidiaries during
the periods indicated.
E. Share
Ownership>
With respect
to the total amount of common stock owned by all of our officers and directors,
individually and as a group, see Item 7 “Major Stockholders and Related Party
Transactions”.
49
Equity
Incentive Plan
We
adopted an equity incentive plan, which we refer to as the plan, under which our
officers, key employees and directors are eligible to receive equity awards. We
have reserved a total of 1,500,000 shares of common shares for issuance under
the plan. Our board of directors administers the plan. Under the terms of the
plan, our board of directors are able to grant new options exercisable at a
price per common share to be determined by our board of directors but in no
event less than fair market value of the common share as of the date of grant.
The plan also permits our board of directors to award restricted stock,
restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights and unrestricted stock. All
options will expire ten years from the date of the grant. The plan will expire
ten years from the completion of the private placement.
Upon
the completion of our private placement in the forth quarter of 2006, we granted
our chairman and chief executive officer options to purchase an aggregate of
500,000 common shares, all of which have been exercised. Of these
options, 250,000 vested immediately upon the closing of the private placement
and the balance vested upon the completion of our initial public offering in
August 2007. We also granted our other executive officers and directors and
employees of Allseas options to purchase an aggregate of 70,000 of our common
shares, which initially vested ratably over a four year period from the date of
grant. The vesting terms of the options were amended by our board of
directors on the first anniversary of the grant date such that all options
vested immediately. All of the options granted at the closing of the
private placement have an exercise price of $12.00 per common
share.
We also
granted an aggregate of 40,000 restricted common shares to our executive
officers and directors, other than our chief executive officer, and to employees
of Allseas upon the completion of the initial closing of our private placement
in the fourth quarter of 2006, which continue to vest ratably over four years.
In addition, we granted 46,500 restricted common shares to our
directors, executive officers and certain employees of Allseas on August 27,
2007 following the completion of our initial public offering that vest ratably
over two years from the grant date.
On December
28, 2007 we granted 20,000 additional restricted common shares to our directors,
executive officers and employees, that vest ratably over three years from
December 31, 2007. In addition, on December 31, 2007, 6,000
restricted common shares were authorized to be granted to employees of Allseas
and the vesting schedule of outstanding restricted shares were amended so that
December 31 of the relevant year is the vesting date for restricted shares that
vest in the second half of the year and June 30 of the relevant year is vesting
date for shares that vest in the first half of the year.
Item
7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions
The
following table sets forth information regarding (i) the owners of more
than five percent of outstanding common shares that we are aware of and
(ii) the total number of common shares owned by all of our officers and
directors, individually and as a group, in each case as of March 6, 2008. All of
the shareholders, including the shareholders listed in this table, are entitled
to one vote for each common share held.
50
B.
Related Party Transactions
Commercial
and Technical Management Agreements
We
outsource the technical and commercial management of our vessels to Allseas
pursuant to management agreements with an initial term of five years. Our
chairman and chief executive officer, Mr. Bodouroglou, is the sole
shareholder and managing director of Allseas. These agreements automatically
extend to successive five year terms, unless, in each case, at least one year's
advance notice of termination is given by either party. We are obligated to pay
Allseas a technical management fee of $650 (based on a Euro/U.S. dollar exchange
rate of 1.00:1.268) per vessel per day on a monthly basis in advance, pro rata
for the calendar days these vessels are owned by us. The management fee is
adjusted quarterly based on the Euro/U.S. dollar exchange rate as published by
EFG Eurobank Ergasias S.A. two days prior to the end of the previous calendar
quarter. For the first quarter in 2007 the management fee was $675 per day, for
the second quarter in 2007 was $683 per day, for the third quarter in 2007 was
$687 per day and for the fourth quarter in 2007 was $725 per day. The management
fee increased as of January 1, 2008 by reference to the official Greek inflation
rate for the previous year, as published by the Greek National Statistical
Office. During 2007 an amount of $250,000 was paid to Allseas for legal,
accounting and finance services that were provided throughout the year and were
not covered under the management agreements described above. We also pay Allseas
1.25% of the gross freight, demurrage and charter hire collected from the
employment of our vessels. Allseas will also earn a fee equal to 1.0% of the
purchase price of any vessel bought or sold on our behalf, calculated in
accordance with the relevant memorandum of agreement. Management fees were
$170,750 and $2,076,678 for the period from inception (April 26, 2006)
through December 31, 2006 and for the year ended December 31, 2007,
respectively. As at December 31, 2006, the chartering and vessel
commissions incurred and due to Allseas amounted to $6,661 and $825,000,
respectively. During 2007, chartering and vessels commissions incurred were
$841,442 and $4,172,000, respectively, and $976,923 of such commissions were due
to Allseas at December 31, 2007.
51
Right
of First Refusal
Our
chairman and chief executive officer, Michael Bodouroglou, has entered into a
letter agreement with us which includes a provision requiring
Mr. Bodouroglou to use commercially reasonable efforts to cause each
company controlled by Mr. Bodouroglou to allow us to exercise a right of
first refusal to acquire any drybulk carrier, after Mr. Bodouroglou or an
affiliated entity of his enters into an agreement that sets forth terms upon
which he or it would acquire a drybulk carrier. Pursuant to this letter
agreement, Mr. Bodouroglou will notify a committee of our independent
directors of any agreement that he or an affiliated entity has entered into to
purchase a drybulk carrier and will provide the committee of our independent
directors a seven calendar day period in respect of a single vessel transaction,
or a 14 calendar day period in respect of a multi-vessel transaction, from the
date that he delivers such notice to our audit committee, within which to decide
whether or not to accept the opportunity and nominate a subsidiary of ours to
purchase the vessel or vessels, before Mr. Bodouroglou will accept the
opportunity or offer it to any of his other affiliates. The opportunity offered
to us will be on no less favorable terms than those offered to
Mr. Bodouroglou and his affiliates. A committee of our independent
directors will require a simple majority vote to accept or reject this
offer.
Acquisition
of Blue Seas and Deep Seas
We
purchased the Blue Seas
and the Deep Seas from
corporate entities controlled by our chairman and chief executive officer. The
purchase price that we paid for these two vessels is equal to the price paid by
the affiliated seller. We also reimbursed approximately $0.40 million to
those entities for pre-delivery expenses. The amount paid over and above the
carrying value of these vessels in the books of our affiliated entities at the
date purchased by us is treated as a deemed dividend to Innovation Holdings as
explained below. We purchased the remaining four vessels in our initial fleet
from unaffiliated third parties. We did not pay Allseas a 1% fee with respect to
our acquisition of these two vessels, although we paid Allseas a 1% fee, which
is approximately $1.4 million, with respect to the acquisition of the other
four vessels in our initial fleet.
Deemed
Dividend
The
vessels purchased from our affiliated entities are reflected in our financial
statements using the historical carrying value since the transaction was between
parties under common control. The amount paid for these acquisitions of the
Blue Seas and the Deep Seas in excess of the
carrying value on the books of our affiliated entities of $2.9 million is
treated as a deemed dividend to Innovation Holdings at the date of delivery to
us.
Registration
Rights Agreement
In
connection with the Class A common shares and warrants sold in the private
placement, we agreed to register for resale on a shelf registration statement
under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and applicable state securities
laws, up to 2,250,000 of our Class A common shares and 450,000 warrants
held by Innovation Holdings 12 months following the registration of our
Class A common shares issued in the private placement. We are obligated to
pay all expenses incidental to the registration, excluding underwriting
discounts and commissions.
Lease
of Office Space
We
lease office space in Athens, Greece from Granitis Glyfada Real Estate Ltd., a
company beneficiary owned by our chief executive officer commencing on October
1, 2007. The term of the lease is for five years and commenced on October 1,
2007 and expires on September 30, 2012. The monthly lease payment for the first
year is Euro 2,000, plus 3.6% tax and thereafter it will be adjusted annually
for inflation increases.
C.
Interests of Experts and Counsel
Not
Applicable.
Item
8. Financial information
A.
Consolidated statements and other financial information
See Item
18.
52
Legal
Proceedings
To our
knowledge, we are not currently a party to any material lawsuit that, if
adversely determined, would have a material adverse effect on our financial
position, results of operations or liquidity. As such, we do not believe that
pending legal proceedings, taken as a whole, should have any significant impact
on our financial statements. From time to time in the future we may be subject
to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business, principally
personal injury and property casualty claims. Those claims, even if lacking
merit, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial
resources. We have not been involved in any legal proceedings which may have, or
have had a significant effect on our financial position, results of operations
or liquidity, nor are we aware of any proceedings that are pending or threatened
which may have a significant effect on our financial position, results of
operations or liquidity.
Dividend
Policy
We
intend to pay quarterly dividends to the holders of our common shares in
February, May, August and November of each year in amounts substantially equal
to our available cash flow from operations during the previous quarter, less
cash expenses for that quarter (principally vessel operating expenses and
interest expense) and any reserves our board of directors determines we should
maintain for reinvestment in our business. These reserves may cover, among other
things, drydocking, intermediate and special surveys, liabilities and other
obligations, interest expense and debt amortization, acquisitions of additional
assets and working capital.
On
May 17, 2007 we declared a dividend of $0.4375 per Class A and
Class B common share in respect of the period from the commencement of our
operations through March 31, 2007, which we paid to holders of our
Class A common shares on May 31, 2007 and on July 20, 2007 we
declared a dividend of $0.4375 per Class A and Class B common share in
respect of the period from April 1, 2007 through June 30, 2007 payable
to shareholders of record on July 23, 2007. In addition, on June 26,
2007 we declared a special dividend of $0.60 per existing Class A and
Class B common share payable to our shareholders of record on July 2,
2007.
Since
our initial public offering in August 2007, we have declared and paid dividends
of $0.875 per common share, representing our cash available from operations for
2007. On November 15, 2007 we declared a dividend of $0.4375 per common share in
respect of the period from July 1, 2007 through September 30, 2007
payable to shareholders of record on November 21, 2007. On February 12,
2008 we declared a dividend of $0.4375 per common share in respect of the period
from October 1, 2007 through December 31, 2007 payable to shareholders
of record on February 19, 2008.
The
declaration and payment of any dividend is subject to the discretion of our
board of directors. We intend to expand our fleet through acquisitions of
additional vessels in a manner that is accretive to earnings and free cash flow
per share. We expect to fund our future vessel acquisitions through a
combination of cash from operations, borrowings under our credit facilities and
future equity offerings. In periods when we make acquisitions, our board of
directors may limit the amount or percentage of our cash from operations
available to pay dividends. In addition, the timing and amount of dividend
payments will depend on our earnings, financial condition, cash requirements and
availability, the restrictions in our senior secured credit facility, the
provisions of Marshall Islands law affecting the payment of dividends and other
factors. Because we are a holding company with no material assets other than the
shares of our subsidiaries, which will directly own the vessels in our fleet,
our ability to pay dividends will depend on the earnings and cash flow of our
subsidiaries and their ability to pay dividends to us. We cannot assure you
that, after the expiration or earlier termination of our charters, we will have
any sources of income from which dividends may be paid.
We believe
that, under current law, after our shares are listed on the Nasdaq Global
Market, our dividend payments from earnings and profits will be eligible for
treatment as "qualified dividend income" and as such non-corporate United States
stockholders that satisfy certain conditions will generally be subject to a 15%
United States federal income tax rate with respect to such dividend payments.
Distributions in excess of our earnings and profits will be treated first as a
non-taxable return of capital to the extent of a United States stockholder's tax
basis in its common stock on a dollar-for-dollar basis and thereafter as a
capital gain. Proposed legislation in the United States Congress would, if
enacted, make it unlikely that our dividends would qualify for the reduced
rates. As of the date hereof, it is not possible to predict whether such
proposed legislation would be enacted. Please see the section of this annual
report entitled "United States Taxation and Marshall Islands Tax Considerations"
for additional information relating to the tax treatment of our dividend
payments.
53
B.
Significant Changes
There have
been no significant changes since the date of the annual financial statements
included in this annual report.
Item
9. Listing Details
The trading
market for shares of our common stock is the Nasdaq Global Market, on which our
shares trade under the symbol “PRGN”. The following table sets forth the high
and low closing prices for shares of our common stock since our initial public
offering on August 9, 2007, as reported by the Nasdaq Global
Market:
Item
10. Additional Information
Not
Applicable.
Our amended
and restated articles of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws have been
filed as exhibit 3.1 and 3.2 to our Registration Statement on form F-1 filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 4, 2007 with file number
333-143481 The information contained in these exhibits is incorporated by
reference herein.
Information
regarding the rights, preferences and restrictions attaching to each class of
the shares is described in section “Description of Capital Stock” in our
Registration Statement on Form F-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on July 19, 2007 with file number 333-144687, provided that since the
date of that Registration Statement, our outstanding shares of common stock has
increased to 26,961,612 as of April 4, 2008.
We refer you
to Item 7.B for a discussion of our registration rights agreement with our
stockholders of record before our initial public offering and agreements with
companies controlled by our chairman and chief executive officer, Mr. Michael
Bordouroglou. Other than these agreements, we have no material contracts, other
than contracts entered into in the ordinary course of business, to which the
Company or any affiliate of the Company is a party.
54
Under
Marshall Islands law, there are currently no restrictions on the export or
import of capital, including foreign exchange controls or restrictions that
affect the remittance of dividends, interest or other payments to non-resident
holders of our common stock.
United
States Taxation
The
following discussion is based upon the provisions of the U.S. Internal Revenue
Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), existing and proposed U.S. Treasury
Department regulations, administrative rulings, pronouncements and judicial
decisions, all as of the date of this Annual Report. This discussion
assumes that we do not have an office or other fixed place of business in the
United States. Unless the context otherwise requires, the reference to Company
below shall be meant to refer to both the Company and its vessel owning and
operating subsidiaries.
Taxation
of the Company’s Shipping Income: In General
The Company
anticipates that it will derive substantially all of its gross income from the
use and operation of vessels in international commerce and that this income will
principally consist of freights from the transportation of cargoes, hire or
lease from time or voyage charters and the performance of services directly
related thereto, which the Company refers to as “shipping income.”
Shipping
income that is attributable to transportation that begins or ends, but that does
not both begin and end, in the United States will be considered to be 50%
derived from sources within the United States. Shipping income attributable to
transportation that both begins and ends in the United States will be considered
to be 100% derived from sources within the United States. The Company is not
permitted by law to engage in transportation that gives rise to 100%
U.S. source income. Shipping income attributable to transportation
exclusively between non-U.S. ports will be considered to be 100% derived
from sources outside the United States. Shipping income derived from sources
outside the United States will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax.
The
Company’s vessels will operate in various parts of the world, including to or
from U.S. ports. Unless exempt from U.S. taxation under
Section 883 of the Code, the Company will be subject to U.S. federal
income taxation, in the manner discussed below, to the extent its shipping
income is considered derived from sources within the United States.
In the year
ended December 31, 2007, approximately 12%, of the Company’s shipping
income was attributable to the transportation of cargoes either to or from a
U.S. port. Accordingly, 6% of the Company’s shipping income would be
treated as derived from U.S. sources for the year ended December 31, 2007.
In the absence of exemption from tax under Section 883, the Company would
have been subject to a 4% tax on its gross U.S. source shipping income equal to
approximately $0.17 million for the year ended December 31, 2007.
Application
of Code Section 883
Under the
relevant provisions of Section 883 of the Code and the final regulations
promulgated thereunder, or the final regulations, a foreign corporation will be
exempt from U.S. taxation on its U.S. source shipping income
if:
55
The
U.S. Treasury Department has recognized each of the Marshall Islands, the
country of incorporation of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries, and
Liberia, the country of incorporation of certain of the Company’s subsidiaries,
as a qualified foreign country. Accordingly, the Company and each of
its subsidiaries satisfy the country of organization
requirement.
For the 2007
tax year, the Company believes that it will be unlikely to satisfy the 50%
Ownership Test. Therefore, the eligibility of the Company and each
subsidiary to qualify for exemption under Section 883 is wholly dependent
upon being able to satisfy the Publicly Traded Test.
As a result
of the Company’s concentrated ownership prior to being listed on the Nasdaq
Global Market, the Company does not believe that it satisfied the
Publicly-Traded Test for the 2007 tax year. As a result, the Company
will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its U.S. source shipping income as
described in more detail below.
The Company
anticipates that it will satisfy the Publicly-Traded Test and qualify for the
benefits of Section 883 for the 2008 tax year since its Class A common stock, is
anticipated to be “primarily traded” and “regularly traded” on the Nasdaq Global
Market. However, there is no assurance this will be the case and
there can be no assurance that the Company will qualify for the benefits of
Section 883 for the 2008 tax year or any subsequent tax year.
Taxation
in Absence of Internal Revenue Code Section 883 Exemption
Assuming
that the Company does not qualify for the benefits of Section 883 for the 2007
tax year, the Company and each of its subsidiaries will be subject to a 4% tax
imposed on its shipping income derived from U.S. sources by Section 887 of the
Code on a gross basis, without the benefit of deductions. Since under the
sourcing rules described above, no more than 50% of the Company’s shipping
income would be treated as being derived from U.S. sources, the maximum
effective rate of U.S. federal income tax on the Company’s shipping income would
never exceed 2% under the 4% gross basis tax regime.
Based on its
shipping income derived from U.S. sources for 2007, the Company will be subject
to U.S. federal income tax of approximately $0.17 million under Section
887.
56
Gain
on Sale of Vessels.
Regardless
of whether the Company qualifies for exemption under Section 883, the
Company will not be subject to United States federal income taxation with
respect to gain realized on a sale of a vessel, provided the sale is considered
to occur outside of the United States under United States federal income tax
principles. In general, a sale of a vessel will be considered to
occur outside of the United States for this purpose if title to the vessel, and
risk of loss with respect to the vessel, pass to the buyer outside of the United
States. It is expected that any sale of a vessel by the Company will
be considered to occur outside of the United States.
Marshall
Islands Tax Considerations
We are
incorporated in the Marshall Islands. Under current Marshall Islands law, we are
not subject to tax on income or capital gains, and no Marshall Islands
withholding tax will be imposed upon payments of dividends by us to our
stockholders.
Not
Applicable.
Not
Applicable.
We file
reports and other information with the SEC. These materials, including this
annual report and the accompanying exhibits, may be inspected and copied at the
public reference facilities maintained by the Commission at 100 F Street, N.E.,
Washington, D.C. 20549, or from the SEC’s website http://www.sec.gov.
You may obtain information on the operation of the public reference room by
calling 1 (800) SEC-0330 and you may obtain copies at prescribed
rates.
Not
Applicable.
Item
11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Interest
Rates
The
international drybulk industry is a capital intensive industry, requiring
significant amounts of investment. Much of this investment is provided in the
form of long term debt. Our debt usually contains interest rates that fluctuate
with London Inter-Bank Offered Rate ("LIBOR"). Increasing interest rates could
adversely impact future earnings. In order to mitigate this specific
market risk we entered into interest rate swap agreements. The purpose of the
agreements was to manage interest cost and the risk associated with changing
interest rates by limiting our exposure to interest rate fluctuations within the
ranges stated below. Interest rate fluctuations at all times during 2006 and
2007 were within the cap and floor range, thus we paid three month LIBOR. The
maximum annualized impact in terms of total debt interest payable owing to a one
percent increase in interest rates, would have been approximately
$3.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2007, as an indication of the
extent of our sensitivity to interest rates changes, based upon our debt level
at December 31, 2007.
57
Foreign
exchange rate fluctuation
We generate
all of our revenues in United States dollars and currently incur approximately
11% of our expenses in currencies other than United States dollars (mainly in
Euros). For accounting purposes, expenses incurred in currencies other than into
United States dollars, are converted into United States dollars at the exchange
rate prevailing on the date of each transaction. We have not hedged currency
exchange risks and our operating results could be adversely affected as a
result. However due to our relatively low percentage exposure to currencies
other than our base currency which is the United States dollar we believe that
such currency movements will not have a material effect on us and as such we do
not hedge these exposures as the amounts involved do not make hedging economic.
The impact of a 10% increase in exchange rates, on the current level of expenses
incurred in currencies other than United States dollars, is approximately $0.7
million.
Item
12. Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities
Not
Applicable.
58
PART II
Item
13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies
None.
Item
14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of
Proceeds
Warrant
Agreement Amendment
We
entered into a Warrant agreement in connection with the private placement
whereby we issued one fifth of a Warrant, which was attached to each
Class A common share. In total 2,299,531 Warrants were issued by us. Each
Warrant entitles the holder to purchase one Class A common share at an
exercise price of $10.00 per share and became exercisable upon the public
offering of our Class A common shares and may be exercised at any time
thereafter until expiration. Each Warrant expires on November 21, 2011. In
total 660,000 warrants had been exercised as of December 31, 2007 and the number
of warrants as at December 31, 2007 was 1,639,531.
We
and the majority of the Warrant holders agreed to amend the exercise features of
the Warrants on May 7, 2007; which agreement is binding to all Warrant
holders. The Warrants, as amended, may only be exercised through physical
settlement, removing the prior exercise terms which also allowed the Warrant
holders at their option for a cash settlement.
On
October 26, 2007 the 450,000 Warrants issued to Innovation Holdings were
exercised and on November 1, 2007 another 210,000 Warrants were exercised by
another shareholder. We received in total $6.6 million in net proceeds and
660,000 common shares were issued from the exercise of those warrants at an
exercise price of $10.00 per share.
Item
15. Controls and Procedures
a) Disclosure Controls and
Procedures
Management,
including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, has conducted
an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as
defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of
1934) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Disclosure controls
and procedures are defined under SEC rules as controls and other procedures that
are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in
the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within required time periods.
Disclosure controls and procedures include controls and procedures designed to
ensure that information is accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s
management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers,
or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely
decisions regarding required disclosures.
Based upon
that evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have
concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are
effective.
b)
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting / c)
Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm
This annual
report does not include a report of management’s assessment regarding internal
control over financial reporting or an attestation report of the company’s
registered public accounting firm on the Company’s internal control over
financial reporting due to a transition period established by rules of the
Securities and Exchange Commission for newly public companies.
d)
Changes in Internal
Control over Financial Reporting
59
There have
been no changes that occurred during the period covered by this annual report
that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to affect, our internal
control over financial reporting.
Item
16A. Audit Committee Financial Expert
We have not
determined that any member of our Audit Committee constitutes a financial expert
as such term is defined in Item 407 of SEC Regulation S-X. We do not believe it
is necessary to have a financial expert, as defined in Item 407 of SEC
Regulation S-X, because our board of directors has determined that each member
of the audit committee does have the financial experience required by NASDAQ
Marketplace Rule 4350(d)(2) and other relevant experience necessary to carry out
the duties and responsibilities of the company's audit committee.
Item
16B. Code of Ethics
We have
adopted a code of ethics that applies to officers and employees. Our code of
ethics is posted in our website: http://www.Paragonship.com,
under “Code of Ethics” and was filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Form 6-K filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 15, 2007 with number
001-33655. Copies of our Code of Ethics are available in print upon
request to Paragon Shipping Inc., 15 Karamanli
Ave.,
Voula 16673, Athens, Greece. We
intend to satisfy any disclosure requirements regarding any amendment to, or
waiver from, a provision of this Code of Ethics by posting such information on
our website.
Item
16C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
Our
principal Accountants, Deloitte Hadjipavlou Sofianos & Cambanis S.A.,
an independent registered public accounting firm and member of Deloitte Touche
Tohmatsu, have billed us for audit, audit-related and non-audit services as
follows:
Audit
fees paid to Deloitte Hadjipavlou, Sofianos and Cambanis S.A. in respect of 2006
were compensation for professional services rendered for the audit of the
consolidated financial statements of the Company at December 31, 2006 and for
the registration statements in connection with the initial public
offering.
Audit
fees paid to Deloitte Hadjipavlou, Sofianos and Cambanis S.A. in respect of 2007
were compensation for professional services rendered for the audit of the
consolidated financial statements of the Company at December 31, 2007 and for
the review of the quarterly financial information in 2007.
Item
16D. Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees
Our Audit
Committee consists of three independent members of our Board of Directors. Our
Audit Committee also conforms to each other requirement applicable to audit
committees as required by the applicable listing standards of the Nasdaq Global
Market.
60
Item
16E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated
Purchasers
None.
PART III
Item
17. Financial Statements
See Item
18.
Item
18. Financial Statements
The
following financial statements beginning on page F-1 are filed as a part of this
annual report.
Item
19. Exhibits
(a)
Exhibits
61
SIGNATURES
The
registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on
Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign
this annual report on its behalf.
Dated: May
2, 2008
62
INDEX
TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
F-1
REPORT
OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To
the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Paragon
Shipping Inc.
We
have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Paragon Shipping
Inc (the "Company") as of December 31, 2006 and 2007 and the related
consolidated statements of operations, shareholder's equity, and cash flows for
the period from April 26, 2006 (inception) to December 31, 2006 and
for the year ended December 31, 2007. These consolidated financial statements
are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to
express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our
audits.
We
conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan
and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial
statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to
have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of their internal control over
financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over
financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are
appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an
opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial
reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes
examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in
the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and
significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall
financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
In
our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all
material respects, the financial position of Paragon Shipping Inc. as of
December 31, 2006 and 2007, and the results of its operations and its cash
flows for the period from April 26, 2006 (inception) to December 31,
2006 and for the year ended December 31, 2007 in conformity with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
/s/
Deloitte
Hadjipavlou,
Sofianos & Cambanis S.A.
Athens,
Greece
March
28, 2008
F-2
Paragon
Shipping Inc.
CONSOLIDATED
BALANCE SHEETS
As
of December 31, 2006 and 2007
(Expressed
in United States Dollars)
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial
statements F-3
Paragon
Shipping Inc.
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
For
the period from inception (April 26, 2006) to December 31, 2006 and
for the year ended December 31, 2007
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial
statements F-4
Paragon
Shipping Inc.
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENT OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
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