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Roche Pharmaceuticals (OTC: RHHBY) is a division of F. Hoffmann–La Roche, Ltd., a Basil, Switzerland-based health company that is one of the largest in the world by revenue. Total revenues for FY2008 were 45.6 billion CHF, driven mainly from sales of the cancer/arthritis drug MabThera/Rituxan (13.0%) and cancer drugs Avastin (11.4%) and Herceptin (11.2%) [1] MabThera's patent gives it protection through 2015, Avastin's through2019, and Herceptin's through 2019.[2] [3] This gives Roche one of the youngest yet super-profitable product portfolios in the pharmaceutical industry. The company has $4.03 dollars coming from new products (those launched within the last five years) for every dollar lost from patent-expiring ones, compared to an industry average of only 77 cents.[4] Roche also manufactures Tamiflu, one of the only available treatments and vaccinations for aggressive influenza. The drug was very profitable throughout the decade as governments around the world stockpiled it in the event of a flu pandemic but constituted only 1.3% of 2008 revenue as stockpiling programs have been completed. In the event of an Influenza outbreak, such as the swine flu scare of 2009, Roche stands to gain from a renewed demand for Tamiflu.
In March, 2009, the company completed its $46.8 billion buyout of the remainder of outsanding shares of US biotech company Genentech (of which it already owned a majority stake). [5] The company also holds a majority stake in Chugai Pharmaceuticals (4519-TO) of Japan.
[edit] Revenue Sources
In 2008, Roche earnings fell 1% to 45.6 billion CHF due to 6% growth in overall sales in local currencies (6% in pharmaceutical sales and 10% in diagnostics sales) that were adversely affected by the strengthening Swiss Franc (CHF). Oncology grew 15% in local currencies to 19.7 billion CHF and represents 55% of pharmaceutical sales. Within this category, blockbuster drug Avastin saw sales grow 37% in local currencies to 5.2 billion CHF. [8]
[edit] Corporate Overview
[edit] Pharmaceutical
In 2008, group sales (which include sales figures for Genentech and Chugai) decreased by 2% to 36 billion CHF. In local currencies, revenues rose 6% (or 10% excluding a predictable 68% drop insales of flu medicine Tamiflu after government stockpiling in 2007). Operating profit fell 1% to 12.9 billion CHF.[9]
[edit] Major Products
Roche had six drugs at blockbuster status (over $1 billion in sales) in 2008. They include:[10]
- MabThera/Rituxin: cancer/RA drug with 5.9 billion CHF in revenue
MabThera, also known as Rituxin, is a drug with indications both for cancer and for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Within the cancer field, it is currently used as a treatment for non-Hodgkins lymphoma, but it is undergoing testing for many other applications. Sales of the drug increased 16% in 2008.
- Avastin: cancer drug with 5.2 billion CHF in revenue
Avastin sales grew 37% in 2008, primarily off of new applications. In February of 2008, the FDA approved the drug for treatment of breast cancer. Sales in Europe also grew due to usage of Avastin for colorectal cancer and lung cancer, as well as breast cancer.
- Herceptin: cancer drug with 5.1 billion CHF in revenue
Herceptin is already a dominant treatment for adjuvant (early stage) breast cancer. Roche estimates its market share in Europe's five largest markets at approximately 75%, and penetration into the US market is already high.
- CellCept: anti-inflammatory/autoimmune drug with 2.1 billion CHF in revenue
CellCept is an immunosuppressant used mainly for transplant patients. Its sales grew 13%, as it is a significantly less toxic alternative to its competitors.
- NeoRecormon/Epogin: anemia/cancer drug with 1.7 billion CHF in revenue
NeoRecormon, also known as Epogin, is an anemia drug whose sales fell 13% in 2008. Causes include pricing pressure from branded competitors, as well as increased sales of biosimilar generics.
- Pegasys: antiviral drug with 1.6 billion CHF in revenue
Pegasys is a major antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of hepatitis C. Sales grew 6% in 2008, mainly in Japan and in emerging markets. The drug already has a 70% market share in the US.
[edit] Late-stage development projects on track:[11]
- Colon cancer trial for Avastin: results expected 2009
- Phase III trials combining new compunds with Herceptin to treat breast cancer
[edit] Diagnostics
Roche is a provider of diagnostics products (products for testing and treating medical conditions) in addition to its pharmaceutical products. 2008 Sales increased to 3% to 9.66 billion CHF (a 10% growth in local currencies). This largely came off sales increases of 9% in the Professional Diagnostics division (46% of group revenue), weighed against a sales decrease of 1% in the Diabetes Care division (31% of group revenue). Operating profit fell 28% to 1.19 billion CHF (a 22% drop in local currencies). The company cited decreased out-licensing income as an explanation for the drop.[12]
[edit] Trends and Forces
[edit] Pipeline Risks
Developing a new drug is a time-consuming and costly endeavor. Hundreds of thousands of candidate compounds must be screened to identify a handful of potential drugs, and even fewer of these candidate drugs are found to be effective at treating a disease. The drug must then pass strict safety standards in several series of clinical trials. The entire process of developing a new drug and bringing it to the market takes up to 10 to 15 years and on average costs $800 million.[13]
Roche spent 8.85 billion CHF on research in 2008.[14] Most of the company's product pipeline focuses on continuing the development of already certified successful drugs like Avastin. It has many clinical trials combining the drug with other compounds or using the drug for different cancer treatment applications. Success with these trials would extend the scope and duration of the drug's patent, bringing in billions more in revenue.[15]
[edit] Generic drugs: Not a large threat
- For a detailed discussion of brand name vs generic medication, see also Brand name vs Generic medications.
Due to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations, pharmaceutical patents last 17 years, during which a pharmaceutical company has an exclusive right to manufacture a particular drug. After the patent expires, generic versions of the product can be produced and sold by competitors. Generic medication is cheaper to produce (due to the substantially lower research and development costs) than brand medication, and the lower cost is often a strong incentive for consumers to choose generics over branded drugs. In addition, the presence of a generic alternative may force a decrease in the brand name medication's price, through increased competition. Roche's business model is highly dependent on patent protection and the enforcement of intellectual property rights, and weak patent protection decreases the profitability of drugs. Major pharmaceutical companies are constantly threatened by the entrance of generics.
Roche, however, has one of the youngest pipelines in the industry. Its biggest drugs - MabThera/Rituxan, Avastin, and Herceptin - accounted for 35.6% of 2008 total revenue and have patent protection through 2015, 2019, and 2019, respectively. The only major drug for which the company is losing revenue due to pricing pressure (both from branded competition and generics) is the anemia drug NeoRecormon/Epogin, whose sales fell 13% in 2008 in a market whose overall sales fell 10%.[16]
[edit] Flu Pandemics/Epidemics
There is always a threat of a regional or even global outbreak of a major influenza virus. For example, the Spanish influenza pandemic of 1918 infected 500 million people and killed 10% of victims [17]. More recently, the Avian flu of the early 2000s killed at least 200 people around the world, particularly in Southeast Asia. [18]. The Swine flu scare of April 2009 similarly has threatened countries all over the world, and the possibility that it could turn into a major flu pandemic is a serious concern. Public health officials all over the world have stocked up on vaccines and treatments in the event of such an outbreak. Roche's influenza treatment and vaccine, Tamiflu, is the most powerful and successful treatment for particularly infectious flu strains as of 2009. Fear over the Avian flu outbreak in the early 2000s Increased demand for Tamiflu and boosted Roche's earnings for several years. A sustained period of calm can result in decreased demand for Tamiflu and hurt Roche's bottom line, but renewed fear of outbreak (such as the Swine flu scare) can be a significant boon to earnings.
[edit] Competition
Competitors to Roche's major drugs include:
- MabThera/Rituxan -- MabThera competes with Bexxar by GlaxoSmithKline. The two drugs do not align perfectly, however, as Bexxar tends to be a treatment that follows initial use of MabThera. [19]
- Avastin -- Avastin competes in a number of different indications (including colorectal and kidney cancer) with with Erbitux by ImClone/Bristol-Myers Squibb, Nexavar by Bayer/Onyx, Sutent by Pfizer, Gleevec by Novartis, and Vectibix by Amgen. The drugs all work differently, targeting and killing cancer through different mechanisms. [20] [21]
- Herceptin -- Herceptin competes head-to-head with Tykerb by GlaxoSmithKline over breast cancer patients. GlaxoSmithKline is funding a trial comparing the drugs that is expected to be completed in 2011.[22]
[edit] References
- ↑ Roche 2008 Financial Report
- ↑ [www.yale.edu/ybps/pharmaceuticalcasecompetition2007/PharmaCase2007.pdf]
- ↑ [mba.tuck.dartmouth.edu/cib/PDFs/Butz.pdf]
- ↑ Tough Projections for Big Pharmas: Drug Revenues Don't Look Promising.
- ↑ Trading Markets. "Roche Acquires Genentech." 30 March 2009
- ↑ Roche 2008 Annual Report
- ↑ Roche 2008 Annual Report
- ↑ Roche 2008 Annual Report
- ↑ Roche 2008 Financial Report, Pharmaceutical Section
- ↑ Roche 2008 Financial Report
- ↑ Roche 2008 Annual Report
- ↑ Roche 2008 Financial Report
- ↑ "2007 Pharmaceutical Industry Profile.
- ↑ Roche 2008 Annual Report
- ↑ Roche 2008 Annual Report
- ↑ Roche 2008 Financial Report
- ↑ Wikipedia Entry on Spanish Flu
- ↑ Wikipedia Entry on Avian Flu
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ WebMD Guide to Colorectal Cancer Treatment
- ↑ San Francisco Chronicle. "Study: Avastin expands reach." 3 June 2007.
- ↑ Herceptin vs. Tykerb Drug Trial
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