SOFO » Topics » Stock-Based Compensation

These excerpts taken from the SOFO 10-K filed Dec 8, 2008.

Stock-Based Compensation

Effective October 1, 2005, the Company adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 123R, Share-Based Payment – an Amendment of FASB Statement Nos. 123 and 95 (SFAS 123R) for its stock option plans. The Company previously accounted for these plans under the recognition and measurement principles of Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (APB 25) and related interpretations and disclosure requirements established by SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (SFAS 123), as amended by SFAS No. 148, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation – Transition and Disclosure.

 

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Sonic Foundry, Inc.

Annual Report on Form 10-K

For the Year Ended September 30, 2008

 

The Company adopted SFAS 123R using the modified prospective method. Under this transition method, compensation cost recognized for the years ended September 30, 2008, 2007 and 2006 include the cost for all stock options granted prior to, but not yet vested as of October 1, 2005. This cost was based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with the original provisions of SFAS 123. The cost for all share-based awards granted subsequent to September 30, 2005, represents the grant-date fair value that was estimated in accordance with the provisions of SFAS 123R. Results for prior periods have not been restated. Compensation cost for options will be recognized in earnings, net of estimated forfeitures, on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. Stock-based compensation expense in the table below does not reflect any income tax effect, which is consistent with the Company’s treatment of net deferred tax assets and offsetting valuation allowance.

Upon the adoption of SFAS 123R, the Company changed its option valuation model from the Black-Scholes model to a lattice valuation model for all stock options granted subsequent to September 30, 2005. The lattice valuation model is a more flexible analysis to value options because of its ability to incorporate inputs that change over time, such as actual exercise behavior of option holders. The Company uses historical data to estimate the option exercise and employee departure behavior in the lattice valuation model. Expected volatility is based on historical volatility of the Company’s stock. The Company uses historical data to estimate option exercise and employee termination within the valuation model. The Company considers all employees to have similar exercise behavior and therefore has not identified separate homogenous groups for valuation. The expected term of options granted is derived from the output of the option pricing model and represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The risk-free rate for periods the options are expected to be outstanding is based on the U.S. Treasury yields in effect at the time of grant.

The fair value of each option grant is estimated using the assumptions in the following table:

 

     Years Ended September 30,
     2008    2007    2006

Method

   Lattice    Lattice    Lattice

Expected life (years)

   5.7 –6.0 years    5.7 -5.8 years    4.9 -5.5 years

Risk-free interest rate

   2.2% - 3.4%    4.5% - 4.8%    4.5% - 5.0%

Expected volatility

   63.1% -76.4%    62.5% -65.4%    69.4% -71.1%

Expected dividend yield

   0%    0%    0%

 

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Sonic Foundry, Inc.

Annual Report on Form 10-K

For the Year Ended September 30, 2008

 

Stock-Based Compensation

FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Effective October 1, 2005, the Company adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 123R, Share-Based Payment – an Amendment of FASB Statement Nos. 123 and 95 (SFAS 123R) for its stock option plans. The Company
previously accounted for these plans under the recognition and measurement principles of Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (APB 25) and related interpretations and disclosure requirements
established by SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (SFAS 123), as amended by SFAS No. 148, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation – Transition and Disclosure.

STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"> 


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Sonic Foundry, Inc.

ALIGN="center">Annual Report on Form 10-K

For the Year Ended September 30, 2008

 


The Company adopted SFAS 123R using the modified prospective method. Under this transition method, compensation cost
recognized for the years ended September 30, 2008, 2007 and 2006 include the cost for all stock options granted prior to, but not yet vested as of October 1, 2005. This cost was based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance
with the original provisions of SFAS 123. The cost for all share-based awards granted subsequent to September 30, 2005, represents the grant-date fair value that was estimated in accordance with the provisions of SFAS 123R. Results for prior
periods have not been restated. Compensation cost for options will be recognized in earnings, net of estimated forfeitures, on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. Stock-based compensation expense in the table below does not
reflect any income tax effect, which is consistent with the Company’s treatment of net deferred tax assets and offsetting valuation allowance.

Upon
the adoption of SFAS 123R, the Company changed its option valuation model from the Black-Scholes model to a lattice valuation model for all stock options granted subsequent to September 30, 2005. The lattice valuation model is a more flexible
analysis to value options because of its ability to incorporate inputs that change over time, such as actual exercise behavior of option holders. The Company uses historical data to estimate the option exercise and employee departure behavior in the
lattice valuation model. Expected volatility is based on historical volatility of the Company’s stock. The Company uses historical data to estimate option exercise and employee termination within the valuation model. The Company considers all
employees to have similar exercise behavior and therefore has not identified separate homogenous groups for valuation. The expected term of options granted is derived from the output of the option pricing model and represents the period of time that
options granted are expected to be outstanding. The risk-free rate for periods the options are expected to be outstanding is based on the U.S. Treasury yields in effect at the time of grant.

STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px">The fair value of each option grant is estimated using the assumptions in the following table:

STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"> 
































































   Years Ended September 30,
   2008  2007  2006

Method

  Lattice  Lattice  Lattice

Expected life (years)

  5.7 –6.0 years  5.7 -5.8 years  4.9 -5.5 years

Risk-free interest rate

  2.2% - 3.4%  4.5% - 4.8%  4.5% - 5.0%

Expected volatility

  63.1% -76.4%  62.5% -65.4%  69.4% -71.1%

Expected dividend yield

  0%  0%  0%

 


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Sonic Foundry, Inc.

ALIGN="center">Annual Report on Form 10-K

For the Year Ended September 30, 2008

 


This excerpt taken from the SOFO 10-K filed Dec 3, 2007.

Stock-Based Compensation

Effective October 1, 2005, the Company adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 123R, Share-Based Payment – an Amendment of FASB Statement Nos. 123 and 95 (SFAS 123R) for its stock option plans. The Company previously accounted for these plans under the recognition and measurement principles of Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (APB 25) and related interpretations and disclosure requirements established by SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (SFAS 123), as amended by SFAS No. 148, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation – Transition and Disclosure.

 

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Table of Contents

Sonic Foundry, Inc.

Annual Report on Form 10-K

For the Year Ended September 30, 2007

 

The Company adopted SFAS 123R using the modified prospective method. Under this transition method, compensation cost recognized for the years ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 include the cost for all stock options granted prior to, but not yet vested as of October 1, 2005. This cost was based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with the original provisions of SFAS 123. The cost for all share-based awards granted subsequent to September 30, 2005, represents the grant-date fair value that was estimated in accordance with the provisions of SFAS 123R. Results for prior periods have not been restated. Compensation cost for options will be recognized in earnings, net of estimated forfeitures, on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. Stock-based compensation expense in the table below does not reflect any income tax effect, which is consistent with the Company’s treatment of net operating loss carry forwards and offsetting valuation allowance.

Upon the adoption of SFAS 123R, the Company changed its option valuation model from the Black-Scholes model to a lattice valuation model for all stock options granted subsequent to September 30, 2005. The lattice valuation model is a more flexible analysis to value options because of its ability to incorporate inputs that change over time, such as actual exercise behavior of option holders. The Company uses historical data to estimate the option exercise and employee departure behavior in the lattice valuation model. Expected volatility is based on historical volatility of the Company’s stock. The Company uses historical data to estimate option exercise and employee termination within the valuation model. The Company considers all employees to have similar exercise behavior and therefore has not identified separate homogenous groups for valuation. The expected term of options granted is derived from the output of the option pricing model and represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The risk-free rate for periods within the contractual term of the options is based on the U.S. Treasury yields in effect at the time of grant.

The fair value of each option grant is estimated using the assumptions in the following table:

 

     Years Ended September 30,
     2007    2006    2005

Method

   Lattice    Lattice    Black-Scholes

Expected life (years)

   5.7 - 5.8 years    4.9 - 5.5 years    3 years

Risk-free interest rate

   4.5% - 4.8%    4.5% - 5.0%    3.1% - 4.2%

Expected volatility

   62.5% - 65.4%    69.4% - 71.1%    73.9%-97.9%

Expected dividend yield

   0%    0%    0%

The following table illustrates the effect on net loss and net loss per share as if the Company had applied the fair-value recognition provisions of SFAS 123 to all stock option plans for the year ended September 30, 2005 presented for purposes of this pro forma disclosure.

 

(in thousands)    Year Ended
September 30, 2005
 

Net loss as reported

   $ (4,169 )

Less stock-based compensation using fair value method

     (522 )
        

Pro forma net loss

   $ (4,691 )
        

Loss per share

  

Net loss as reported – basic and diluted

   $ (0.14 )
        

Pro forma net loss – basic and diluted

   $ (0.15 )
        

 

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Sonic Foundry, Inc.

Annual Report on Form 10-K

For the Year Ended September 30, 2007

 

This excerpt taken from the SOFO 10-Q filed Feb 7, 2005.

Stock-Based Compensation

 

As permitted by SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” the Company follows Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,” in accounting for its stock option plans. Had the Company accounted for its stock option plans based upon the fair value at the grant date for options granted under the plan, based on the provisions of SFAS 123, the Company’s pro forma net loss

 

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and pro forma net loss per share would have been as follows (for purposes of pro forma disclosures, the estimated fair value of the options is amortized to expense over the options’ vesting period):

 

     Three months ended December 31,

 

(in thousands)

 

   2004

    2003

 

Net loss as reported

   $ (1,400 )   $ (1,068 )

Less stock-based compensation using fair value method

     (147 )     (22 )

Less impact of discounted employee stock purchase plan using fair value method

     —         (4 )
    


 


Pro forma net loss

   $ (1,547 )   $ (1,094 )
    


 


Pro forma net loss per share – basic and diluted

   $ (0.05 )   $ (0.04 )
    


 


 

Pro forma information regarding net loss and net loss per share and has been determined as if the Company had accounted for its employee stock options under the minimum value method of SFAS No. 123 for option grants made prior to the Company’s initial public offering and the Black-Scholes method for grants made subsequent to such offering. With the exception of volatility (which is ignored in the case of the minimum value method), the following weighted-average assumptions were used for all periods presented: risk-free interest rates of 1.7% to 6%, dividend yields of 0%; expected common stock market price volatility factors ranging from .50 to 1.38 and a weighted-average expected life of the option of one to five years.

 

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