Syngenta AG (SYT)

Research and development

Research and development expenses are charged to the income statement when incurred. Syngenta considers that the regulatory and other uncertainties inherent in the development of its key new products preclude it from capitalizing development costs.

Costs of purchasing patent rights are capitalized as intangible assets. Costs of applying for patents for internally developed products, costs of defending existing patents, and costs of challenging patents held by third parties where these are considered invalid, are considered part of development expense and expensed as incurred.

Research and development

Research and development expenses are charged to the income statement when incurred. Syngenta considers that the regulatory and other uncertainties inherent in the development of its key new products preclude it from capitalizing development costs.

Costs of purchasing patent rights are capitalized as intangible assets. Costs of applying for patents for internally developed products, costs of defending existing patents, and costs of challenging patents held by third parties where these are considered invalid, are considered part of development expense and expensed as incurred.