Toyota Motor (TM)

Other costs -

Advertising and sales promotion costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising costs were ¥451,182 million, ¥484,508 million and ¥389,242 million ($3,963 million) for the years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively.

Toyota generally warrants its products against certain manufacturing and other defects. Provisions for product warranties are provided for specific periods of time and/or usage of the product and vary depending upon the nature of the product, the geographic location of the sale and other factors. Toyota records a provision for estimated product warranty costs at the time the related sale is recognized based on estimates that Toyota will incur to repair or replace product parts that fail while under warranty. The amount of accrued estimated warranty costs is primarily based on historical experience as to product failures as well as current information on repair costs. The amount of warranty costs accrued also contains an estimate of warranty claim recoveries to be received from suppliers. Product recalls and voluntary service campaigns are recorded when they are determined to be probable and reasonably estimable.

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs were ¥890,782 million, ¥958,882 million and ¥904,075 million ($9,204 million) for the years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively.

Other costs -

Advertising and sales promotion costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising costs were ¥397,599 million, ¥451,182 million and ¥484,508 million ($4,836 million) for the years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively.

Toyota generally warrants its products against certain manufacturing and other defects. Provisions for product warranties are provided for specific periods of time and/or usage of the product and vary depending upon the nature of the product, the geographic location of the sale and other factors. Toyota records a provision for estimated product warranty costs at the time the related sale is recognized based on estimates that Toyota will incur to repair or replace product parts that fail while under warranty. The amount of accrued estimated warranty costs is primarily based on historical experience as to product failures as well as current information on repair costs. The amount of warranty costs accrued also contains an estimate of warranty claim recoveries to be received from suppliers.

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and ¥812,648 million, ¥890,782 million and ¥958,882 million ($9,571 million) for the years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively.

Other costs -

Advertising and sales promotion costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising costs were ¥379,702 million, ¥397,599 million and ¥451,182 million ($3,822 million) for the years ended March 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively.

Toyota generally warrants its products against certain manufacturing and other defects. Provisions for product warranties are provided for specific periods of time and/or usage of the product and vary depending upon the nature of the product, the geographic location of the sale and other factors. Toyota records a provision for estimated product warranty costs at the time the related sale is recognized based on estimates that Toyota will incur to repair or replace product parts that fail while under warranty. The amount of accrued estimated warranty costs is primarily based on historical experience as to product failures as well as current information on repair costs. The amount of warranty costs accrued also contains an estimate of warranty claim recoveries to be received from suppliers.

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and ¥755,147 million, ¥812,648 million and ¥890,782 million ($7,546 million) for the years ended March 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively.

Other costs -

Advertising and sales promotion costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising costs were ¥371,677 million, ¥379,702 million and ¥397,599 million ($3,385 million) for the years ended March 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively.

Toyota generally warrants its products against certain manufacturing and other defects. Provisions for product warranties are provided for specific periods of time and/or usage of the product and vary depending upon the nature of the product, the geographic location of the sale and other factors. Toyota records a provision for estimated product warranty costs at the time the related sale is recognized based on estimates that Toyota will incur to repair or replace product parts that fail while under warranty. The amount of accrued estimated warranty costs is primarily based on historical experience as to product failures as well as current information on repair costs. The amount of warranty costs accrued also contains an estimate of warranty claim recoveries to be received from suppliers.

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and ¥682,279 million, ¥755,147 million and ¥812,648 million ($6,918 million) for the years ended March 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively.

Other costs -

Advertising and sales promotion costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising costs were ¥371,677 million, ¥379,702 million and ¥397,599 million ($3,385 million) for the years ended March 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively.

Toyota generally warrants its products against certain manufacturing and other defects. Provisions for product warranties are provided for specific periods of time and/or usage of the product and vary depending upon the nature of the product, the geographic location of the sale and other factors. Toyota records a provision for estimated product warranty costs at the time the related sale is recognized based on estimates that Toyota will incur to repair or replace product parts that fail while under warranty. The amount of accrued estimated warranty costs is primarily based on historical experience as to product failures as well as current information on repair costs. The amount of warranty costs accrued also contains an estimate of warranty claim recoveries to be received from suppliers.

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and ¥682,279 million, ¥755,147 million and ¥812,648 million ($6,918 million) for the years ended March 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively.

Other costs -

Advertising and sales promotion costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising costs were ¥326,972 million, ¥371,677 million and ¥379,702 million ($3,536 million) for the years ended March 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.

Toyota generally warrants its products against certain manufacturing and other defects. Provisions for product warranties are provided for specific periods of time and/or usage of the product and vary depending upon the nature of the product, the geographic location of the sale and other factors. Toyota records a provision for estimated product warranty costs at the time the related sale is recognized based on estimates that Toyota will incur to repair or replace product parts that fail while under warranty. The amount of accrued estimated warranty costs is primarily based on historical experience as to product failures as well as current information on repair costs. The amount of warranty costs accrued also contains an estimate of warranty claim recoveries to be received from suppliers.

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and ¥668,404 million, ¥682,279 million and ¥755,147 million ($7,032 million) for the years ended March 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.