Toyota Motor (TM)

Recent Accounting Pronouncements in the United States

In December 2007, FASB issued FAS No. 141(R), Business Combinations (“FAS 141(R)”). FAS 141(R) establishes principles and requirements for how the acquirer recognizes and measures the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, any noncontrolling interest, and the goodwill acquired in a business combination or a gain from a bargain purchase. Also, FAS 141(R) provides several new disclosure requirements that enable users of the financial statements to evaluate the nature and financial effects of the business combination. FAS 141(R) is effective to business combinations on and after the beginning of fiscal year beginning on or after December 15, 2008. The impact of adopting FAS 141(R) on Toyota’s consolidated financial statements will depend on the nature and significance of any acquisitions in the future period.

In December 2007, FASB issued FAS No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements — an amendment of ARB No. 51 (“FAS 160”). FAS 160 amends the guidance in Accounting Research Bulletins No. 51, Consolidated Financial Statements, to establish accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. FAS 160 is effective for fiscal year, and interim period within the fiscal year, beginning on or after December 15, 2008. The presentation and disclosure requirements shall be applied retrospectively for all periods presented in the consolidated financial statements in which FAS 160 is initially applied. Management is evaluating the impact of adopting FAS 160 on Toyota’s consolidated financial statements.

In December 2008, FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. FAS 132(R)-1, Employers’ Disclosures about Postretirement Benefit Plan Assets (“FSP FAS 132(R)-1”). FSP FAS 132(R)-1 requires additional disclosures about postretirement benefit plan assets including investment policies and strategies, categories of plan assets, fair value measurements of plan assets, and significant concentrations of risk. FSP FAS 132 (R)-1 is effective for fiscal year ending after December 15, 2009. Management does not expect this Statement to have a material impact on Toyota’s consolidated financial statements.

In April 2009, FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2, Recognition and Presentation of Other-Than-Temporary Impairments (“FSP FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2”). FSP FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2 revises the recognition and presentation requirements for other-than-temporary impairments of debt securities, and contains additional disclosure requirements related to debt and equity securities. FSP FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2 is effective for interim period and fiscal year ending after June 15, 2009. Management does not expect this Statement to have a material impact on Toyota’s consolidated financial statements.

In May 2009, FASB issued FAS No. 165, Subsequent Events (“FAS 165”). FAS 165 is intended to establish general standards of accounting for and disclosure of events that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued. FAS 165 is effective for interim period or fiscal year ending after June 15, 2009. Management does not expect this Statement to have a material impact on Toyota’s consolidated financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements in the United States

In September 2006, FASB issued FAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements (“FAS 157”), which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. FAS 157 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal year beginning after November 15, 2007. Management does not expect this Statement to have a material impact on Toyota’s consolidated financial statements.

In September 2006, FASB issued FAS No. 158, Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans — an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R) (“FAS 158”). FAS 158 requires employers to measure the funded status of their defined benefit postretirement plans as of the date of their year-end statement of financial position. This provision in FAS 158 regarding a measurement date is effective for fiscal year ending after December 15, 2008. Management does not expect this provision to have a material impact on Toyota’s consolidated financial statements.

In February 2007, FASB issued FAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities — Including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115 (“FAS 159”). FAS 159 permits entities to measure many financial instruments and certain other assets and liabilities at fair value on an instrument-by-instrument basis and subsequent change in fair value must be recorded in earnings at each reporting date. FAS 159 is effective for fiscal year beginning after November 15, 2007. Management is evaluating the impact of adopting FAS 159 on Toyota’s consolidated financial statements.

In December 2007, FASB issued FAS No. 141(R), Business Combinations (“FAS 141(R)”). FAS 141(R) establishes principles and requirements for how the acquirer recognizes and measures the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, any noncontrolling interest, and the goodwill acquired in a business combination or a gain from a bargain purchase. Also, FAS 141(R) provides several new disclosure requirements that enable users of the financial statements to evaluate the nature and financial effects of the business combination. FAS 141(R) is effective to business combinations on and after the beginning of fiscal year beginning on or after December 15, 2008. The impact of adopting FAS 141(R) on Toyota’s consolidated financial statements will depend on the nature and significance of any acquisitions in the future period.

In December 2007, FASB issued FAS No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements — an amendment of “ARB” No. 51 (“FAS 160”). FAS 160 amends the guidance in Accounting Research Bulletin (“ARB”) No. 51, Consolidated Financial Statements (“ARB 51”), to establish accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. FAS 160 is effective for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2008. The presentation and disclosure requirements shall be applied retrospectively for all periods presented in the consolidated financial statements in which FAS 160 is initially applied. Management is evaluating the impact of adopting FAS 160 on Toyota’s consolidated financial statements.

In March 2008, FASB issued FAS No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities — an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133 (“FAS 161”). FAS 161 changes and enhances the current disclosure requirements for derivative instruments and hedging activities under FAS 133. FAS 161 is effective for financial statements for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008. Management does not expect this Statement to have a material impact on Toyota’s consolidated financial statements.

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements in the United States

In February 2006, FASB issued FAS No. 155, Accounting for Certain Hybrid Instruments (“FAS 155”), which permits, but does not require, fair value accounting for any hybrid financial instrument that contains an embedded derivative that would otherwise require bifurcation in accordance with FAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (“FAS 133”). The Statement also subjects beneficial interests issued by securitization vehicles to the requirements of FAS133. FAS 155 is effective as of the beginning of first fiscal year that begins after September 15, 2006. Management does not expect this Statement to have a material impact on Toyota’s consolidated financial statements.

In March 2006, FASB issued FAS No. 156, Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets (“FAS 156”), which amends FAS No. 140, Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities (“FAS 140”), with respect to the accounting for separately recognized servicing assets and servicing liabilities. FAS 156 is effective for fiscal year beginning after September 15, 2006. Management does not expect this Statement to have a material impact on Toyota’s consolidated financial statements.

In September 2006, FASB issued FAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements (“FAS 157”), which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. FAS 157 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal year beginning after November 15, 2007 and interim period within the fiscal year. Management is evaluating the impact of adopting FAS 157 on Toyota’s consolidated financial statements.

In September 2006, FASB issued FAS No. 158, Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans – an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R) (“FAS 158”). FAS 158 requires employers to recognize the overfunded or underfunded status of their defined benefit postretirement plans as an asset or a liability on their balance sheets, and to recognize changes in that funded status in the year in which the changes occur through comprehensive income. Toyota adopted the provisions regarding recognition of funded status and disclosure under FAS 158 as of the end of the fiscal year ending after December 15, 2006. See note 19 to the consolidated financial statements for the impact of the adoption of the provisions on Toyota’s consolidated financial statements. FAS 158 also requires employers to measure the funded status of their defined benefit postretirement plans as of the date of their year-end statement of financial position. This provision in FAS 158 regarding a measurement date is effective for fiscal year ending after December 15, 2008. Management is evaluating the impact of adopting this provision on Toyota’s consolidated financial statements.

In February 2007, FASB issued FAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities – Including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115 (“FAS 159). FAS 159 permits entities to

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measure many financial instruments and certain other assets and liabilities at fair value on an instrument-by-instrument basis and subsequent change in fair value must be recorded in earnings at each reporting date. FAS 159 is effective for fiscal year beginning after November 15, 2007. Management is evaluating the impact of adopting FAS 159 on Toyota’s consolidated financial statements.

In June 2006, FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes — an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 (“FIN 48”). FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in tax positions and requires a company to recognize in its financial statements, the impact of a tax position, if that position is more likely than not to be sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the position. FIN 48 is effective for fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2006. Management is evaluating the impact of adopting FIN 48 on Toyota’s consolidated financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements in the United States

In November 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued FAS No. 151, Inventory Costs — an amendment of ARB No. 43, Chapter 4 (“FAS 151”). FAS 151 amends the guidance in ARB No. 43, Chapter 4, “Inventory Pricing,” to clarify the accounting for abnormal amounts of idle facility expense, freight, handling costs, and wasted material (spoilage). Paragraph 5 of ARB 43, Chapter 4, previously stated that “…under some circumstances, items such as idle facility expense, excessive spoilage, double freight, and rehandling costs may be so abnormal as to require treatment as current period charges…”. FAS 151 requires that those items be recognized as current-period charges regardless of whether they meet the criterion of “so abnormal.” In addition, this Statement requires that allocation of fixed production overheads to the costs of conversion be based on the normal capacity of the production facilities. FAS 151 is effective for inventory costs incurred during fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2005. Management does not expect this statement to have a material impact on Toyota’s consolidated financial statements.

In December 2004, FASB issued FAS No. 123(R), Share-Based Payment (revised 2004) (“FAS 123(R)”). FAS 123(R) is a revision of FASB Statement No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (“FAS 123”), supersedes APB Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (“APB 25”), and its related implementation guidance. FAS 123(R) requires a public entity to measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award. That cost will be recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award. FAS 123(R) also requires a public entity to initially measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of liability instruments based on its current fair value; the fair value of that award will be remeasured subsequently at each reporting date through the settlement date. Changes in fair value will be recognized as compensation cost over that period. Although Toyota is required to implement the standard as of the beginning of the first interim or annual period that begins after June 15, 2005 under Statement No. 123(R), the Securities and Exchange Commission has amended the compliance date and Toyota is required to adopt the Standard for the year ending March 31, 2007. Management does not expect this statement to have a material impact on Toyota’s consolidated financial statements.

In May 2005, FASB issued FAS No. 154, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections — a replacement of APB No. 20 and FAS No. 3 (“FAS 154”). FAS 154 replaces APB Opinion No. 20, Accounting Changes, and FASB Statement No. 3, Reporting Accounting Changes in Interim Financial Statements, and changes the requirements for the accounting for and reporting of a change in accounting principle. FAS 154 applies to all voluntary changes in accounting principle. It also applies to changes required by an accounting pronouncement when the pronouncement does not include specific transition provisions. APB Opinion 20 previously required that most voluntary changes in accounting principle be recognized by including in net income of the period of the change the cumulative effect of changing to the new accounting principle. FAS 154 requires retrospective application to prior periods’ financial statements of changes in accounting principle. FAS 154 is effective for accounting changes and corrections of errors made in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2005. The impact of applying FAS 154 will depend on the change, if any, that Toyota may identify and record in future periods.

In February 2006, the FASB issued FAS No. 155, Accounting for Certain Hybrid Instruments (“FAS 155”), which permits, but does not require, fair value accounting for any hybrid financial instrument that contains an

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embedded derivative that would otherwise require bifurcation in accordance with FAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (“FAS 133”). The statement also subjects beneficial interests issued by securitization vehicles to the requirements of FAS 133. FAS 155 is effective after the beginning of first fiscal year that begins after September 15, 2006. Management does not expect this statement to have a material impact on Toyota’s consolidated financial statements.

In March 2006, the FASB issued FAS No. 156, Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets (“FAS 156”), which amends FAS No. 140, Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities, with respect to the accounting for separately recognized servicing assets and servicing liabilities. FAS 156 is effective as of the beginning of first fiscal year that begins after September 15, 2006, with earlier adoption permitted. Management does not expect this statement to have a material impact on Toyota’s consolidated financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements in the United States

In November 2004, FASB issued FAS No. 151, Inventory Costs — an amendment of ARB No. 43, Chapter 4 (“FAS 151”). FAS 151 amends the guidance in ARB No. 43, Chapter 4, “Inventory Pricing,” to clarify the accounting for abnormal amounts of idle facility expense, freight, handling costs, and wasted material (spoilage). Paragraph 5 of ARB 43, Chapter 4, previously stated that “. . . under some circumstances, items such as idle facility expense, excessive spoilage, double freight, and rehandling costs may be so abnormal as to require treatment as current period charges. . . .”. FAS 151 requires that those items be recognized as current-period charges regardless of whether they meet the criterion of “so abnormal.” In addition, this Statement requires that allocation of fixed production overheads to the costs of conversion be based on the normal capacity of the production facilities. FAS 151 is effective for inventory costs incurred during fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2005. Management does not expect this statement to have a material impact on Toyota’s consolidated financial statements.

In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued FAS No. 123(R), Share-Based Payment (revised 2004) (“FAS 123(R)”). FAS 123(R) is a revision of FASB Statement No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (“FAS 123”), supersedes APB Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (“APB 25”), and its related implementation guidance. FAS 123(R) requires a public entity to measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award. That cost will be recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award. FAS 123(R) also requires a public entity to initially measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of liability instruments based on its current fair value; the fair value of that award will be remeasured subsequently at each reporting date through the settlement date. Changes in fair value will be recognized as compensation cost over that period. Although Toyota is required to implement the standard as of the beginning of the first interim or annual period that begins after June 15, 2005 under Statement No. 123(R), the Securities and Exchange Commission has amended the compliance date and Toyota is required to adopt the Standard at the beginning of its next fiscal year, instead of the next reporting period, that begins after June 15, 2005. Management does not expect this statement to have a material impact on Toyota’s consolidated financial statements.

In December 2004, FASB issued FAS No. 153, Exchanges of Nonmonetary Assets — an amendment of APB Opinion No. 29 (“FAS 153”). The guidance in APB Opinion No. 29, Accounting for Nonmonetary Transactions, is based on the principle that exchanges of nonmonetary assets should be measured based on the fair value of the assets exchanged. The guidance in that Opinion; however, included certain exceptions to that principle. FAS 153 amends Opinion No. 29 to eliminate the exception for nonmonetary exchanges of similar productive assets and replaces it with a general exception for exchanges of nonmonetary assets that do not have commercial substance. A nonmonetary exchange has commercial substance if the future cash flows of the entity are expected to change significantly as a result of the exchange. FAS 153 is effective for nonmonetary asset exchanges occurring in fiscal periods beginning after June 15, 2005. Management does not expect this statement to have a material impact on Toyota’s consolidated financial statements.

In March 2005, FASB issued the FASB Interpretation No. 47, Accounting for Conditional Asset Retirement Obligations — an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 143 (“FIN 47”). This Interpretation clarifies that the term conditional asset retirement obligation as used in FASB Statement No. 143, Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations, refers to a legal obligation to perform an asset retirement activity in which the timing and (or) method of settlement are conditional on a future event that may or may not be within the control of the entity. FIN 47 requires a company to recognize a liability for the fair value of a conditional asset retirement obligation if the fair value of the liability can be reasonably estimated. The fair value of a liability for the

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conditional asset retirement obligation should be recognized when incurred. FIN 47 is effective no later than the end of fiscal years ending after December 15, 2005. Management does not expect this statement to have a material impact on Toyota’s consolidated financial statements.

In May 2005, FASB issued FAS No. 154, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections — a replacement of APB No. 20 and FAS No. 3 (“FAS 154”). FAS 154 replaces APB Opinion No. 20, Accounting Changes, and FASB Statement No. 3, Reporting Accounting Changes in Interim Financial Statements, and changes the requirements for the accounting for and reporting of a change in accounting principle. FAS 154 applies to all voluntary changes in accounting principle. It also applies to changes required by an accounting pronouncement when the pronouncement does not include specific transition provisions. APB Opinion 20 previously required that most voluntary changes in accounting principle be recognized by including in net income of the period of the change the cumulative effect of changing to the new accounting principle. FAS 154 requires retrospective application to prior periods’ financial statements of changes in accounting principle. FAS 154 is effective for accounting changes and corrections of errors made in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2005. The impact of applying FAS 154 will depend on the change, if any, that Toyota may identify and record in future period.