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Waddell & Reed Financial 10-K 2007 Documents found in this filing:UNITED STATES Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K
WADDELL & REED FINANCIAL, INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(g) OF THE ACT: None (Title of class) Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. YES þ NO o Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. YES o NO þ. Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨. Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendments to this Form 10-K. ( ) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No þ. The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common stock equity held by non-affiliates (i.e. persons other than officers, directors and stockholders holding greater than 5% of the registrant’s common stock) based on the closing sale price on June 30, 2006 was $1.513 billion. Shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common stock as of February 23, 2007 Class A common stock, $.01 par value: 83,853,856 DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE In Part III of this Form 10-K, portions of the definitive proxy statement for the 2007 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held April 11, 2007.
Index of Exhibits (Pages 87 through 92) WADDELL & REED FINANCIAL, INC. INDEX TO ANNUAL
REPORT ON FORM 10-K
2 Waddell & Reed Financial, Inc. (hereinafter referred to as the “Company,” “we,” “our” or “us”) is a corporation, incorporated in the state of Delaware on December 24, 1981, that conducts business through its subsidiaries. We derive our revenues primarily from providing investment management, investment product underwriting and distribution and shareholder services administration to mutual funds and institutional and separately managed accounts. Founded in 1937, we are one of the oldest mutual fund complexes in the United States, having introduced our largest family of mutual funds, the Waddell & Reed Advisors Group of Mutual Funds in 1940. Investment management fees, a substantial source of our revenues, are based on the amount of average assets under management and are affected by sales levels, financial market conditions, redemptions and the composition of assets. Underwriting and distribution revenues, another substantial source of revenues, consist of commissions derived from sales of investment and insurance products, Rule 12b-1 asset-based service and distribution fees, distribution fees on certain variable products, fees earned on fee-based asset allocation products, and related advisory services. The products sold have various commission structures and the revenues received from product sales vary based on the type and amount sold. We operate our business through three distinct distribution channels. Our retail products are distributed through our sales force of registered financial advisors (the “Advisors channel”) or through third-parties such as other broker/dealers, registered investment advisors (including the retirement advisors of the Legend group of subsidiaries (“Legend”)) and various retirement platforms, (the “Wholesale channel”). We also market our investment advisory services to institutional investors, either directly or through consultants (the “Institutional channel”). In the Advisors channel, our sales force consists of more than 2,250 financial advisors who focus their efforts primarily on the sale of investment products advised by the Company. The Advisors channel’s primary market is middle income and mass affluent individuals, families and businesses across the country, which is largely underserved and is in need of financial advice and guidance. We compete primarily with smaller broker/dealers and independent financial advisors, as well as a span of other financial providers. Our sales force garners assets for us to manage by utilizing a financial planning approach which focuses on the long-term goals of their customers and builds loyal relationships. This approach requires lower costs to acquire assets and yields redemption rates well below those of the industry, thereby enhancing the profitability of the channel. Assets in this channel were $29.9 billion at December 31, 2006. Our Wholesale channel efforts include retail fund distribution through broker/dealers (the largest method of distributing mutual funds for the industry), registered investment advisors (fee-based financial advisors who generally sell mutual funds through financial supermarkets) and retirement (401(k) platforms using multiple managers). Assets in this channel were $10.8 billion at the end of 2006. Through our Institutional channel we manage assets for defined benefit plans, pension plans and endowments. We also serve as a subadvisor to other investment companies. Assets in this channel were $7.7 billion at December 31, 2006. We operate our investment advisory business through our subsidiary companies, primarily Waddell & Reed Investment Management Company (“WRIMCO”), a registered investment adviser. Other investment advisory subsidiaries include Ivy Investment Management Company (“IICO”), a registered investment adviser for Ivy Funds, Inc. and the Ivy Funds portfolios (collectively, the “Ivy Funds”), Legend Advisory Corporation, a registered investment adviser for Legend and Austin, Calvert & Flavin, Inc. 3 (“ACF”). As of December 31, 2006, we had a total of $48.4 billion in assets under management and approximately 2.9 million mutual fund shareholder accounts. Our underwriting and distribution business operates through three broker/dealers: Waddell & Reed, Inc. (“W&R”), Ivy Funds Distributor, Inc. (“IFDI”) and Legend Equities Corporation (“LEC”). W&R is a registered broker/dealer and a registered investment adviser that acts primarily as the national distributor and underwriter for shares of our Waddell and Reed Advisors Group of Mutual Funds (the “Advisors Funds”) and the distributor of variable annuities and other insurance products issued by Nationwide Life Insurance Company, a subsidiary of Nationwide Financial Services, Inc. (“Nationwide”), Minnesota Life Insurance Company (“Minnesota Life”), a subsidiary of Securian Financial Group, Inc. (“Securian”), and others. In addition, W&R is the third largest distributor of our Ivy Funds. IFDI, a registered broker/dealer, is the distributor and underwriter for the Ivy Funds. LEC is the registered broker/dealer for Legend, a mutual fund distribution and retirement planning subsidiary based in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida. Through its network of over 500 financial advisors, Legend serves primarily employees of school districts and other not-for-profit organizations. Waddell & Reed Services Company (“WRSCO”) provides transfer agency and accounting services to the Advisors Funds, the Ivy Funds, W&R Target Funds, Inc. (the “Target Funds”) and Waddell & Reed InvestEd Portfolios, Inc., our college savings plan (“InvestEd”). W&R, WRIMCO, WRSCO, ACF, Legend, IICO and IFDI are hereafter collectively referred to as the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” unless the context requires otherwise. 4 The following series of tables, including Average Assets Under Management, Changes in Assets Under Management, Ending Assets Under Management by Broad Asset Class and Five Largest Mutual Funds by Ending Assets Under Management and Investment Management Fees, provide data that should be helpful in understanding the Company’s business and should be referred to while reading the discussions that follow the tables. Average Assets Under Management The following table provides information regarding the composition of our average assets under management by distribution channel and asset class for the last three years.
5 Change in Assets Under Management The following table summarizes the changes in our assets under management for the last three fiscal years. All sales are net of commissions. The activity includes all activity of the Funds and institutional and separate accounts, including money market funds and transactions at net asset value accounts for which we receive no commissions.
6 The following table summarizes our ending assets under management by broad asset class, many of which incorporate multiple investment styles, as of December 31, 2006.
7 Five Largest Mutual Funds by Ending Assets Under Management and Investment Management Fees The following table summarizes our five largest mutual funds as of December 31, 2006 by ending assets under management and investment management fees for the last three years. The assets under management and management fees of our five largest mutual funds are presented as a percentage of our total assets under management and total management fees.
(1) For the years ending December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, $15.8 million, $4.9 million and $1.1 million, respectively, is included in subadvisory fees in the Consolidated Statement of Operations, for fees paid to Mackenzie Financial Corporation for subadvisory services. The subadvisory agreement with Mackenzie Financial Corporation expires in 2007 and is renewable on an annual basis. Our investment advisory business provides one of our largest sources of revenues and profits. We earn investment management fee revenues by providing investment advisory and management services pursuant to an investment management agreement with each fund within the Advisors Funds family, the Ivy Funds families, the Target Funds family, and InvestEd, (collectively, the “Funds”). While the specific terms of the agreements vary, the basic terms are similar. The agreements provide that we render overall investment management services to each of the Funds, subject to the oversight of each Fund’s board of directors/trustees and in accordance with each Fund’s fundamental investment objectives and policies. The agreements permit us to enter into separate agreements for shareholder services or accounting services with each respective Fund. Each Fund’s board of directors/trustees, including a majority of the directors/trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Fund or the Company within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “ICA”) (“disinterested members”) and the Fund’s shareholders must approve the investment management agreement between the respective Fund and the Company. These agreements may continue in effect from year to year if specifically approved at least annually by (i) the Fund’s board, including a majority of the disinterested members, or (ii) the vote of a majority of the shareholders of the Fund and the vote of a majority of the disinterested members of each Fund’s board, each vote being cast in 8 person at a meeting called for such purpose. Each agreement automatically terminates in the event of its assignment, as defined by the ICA or the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, (the “Advisers Act”), and may be terminated without penalty by any Fund by giving us 60 days’ written notice if the termination has been approved by a majority of the Fund’s directors/trustees or the Fund’s shareholders. We may terminate an investment management agreement without penalty on 120 days’ written notice. In addition to performing investment management services for the Funds, we act as an investment adviser for institutional and other private investors and we provide subadvisory services to other investment companies. For our services as an investment adviser, we receive a fee that is generally based on a percentage of assets under management. Such services are provided pursuant to various written agreements. Our investment management effort has a strong foundation based upon its people and resources. We have 64 total investment professionals and a team of 29 portfolio managers who average 19 years of industry experience and 13 years of tenure with the Company. Many of our portfolio managers have had extensive experience as investment research analysts prior to acquiring portfolio management assignments. They have substantial resources available to them, including the efforts of internal equity and fixed income analysts who conduct primary fundamental research, including numerous on and off-site meetings annually with management of the companies in which they invest. In addition, we use research provided by brokerage firms and independent outside consultants. Portfolio managers participate in a collaborative process that blends their individual accountability with the ideas of their peers which, when backed by an intensive research capability, supports our efforts to deliver consistent, long-term performance. Our investment management team also includes a premier group of subadvisors who bring similar investment philosophies and additional expertise in specific asset classes. We have significant experience in virtually all major asset classes, several specialized asset classes and a range of investment styles. Our investment strategy generally emphasizes investments in companies that the portfolio managers believe can produce above average growth in earnings. Our portfolio managers also strive for consistent long-term performance while seeking to provide downside protection in turbulent markets. Our investment philosophy lends itself well to the financial planning approach used by our Advisors channel while our consistent long-term investment performance record supports the distribution efforts in both our Wholesale and Institutional channels. Our Advisors channel’s focus is on financial planning, providing clients with advice and in-depth financial planning services. As a result of this approach, our Advisors channel has developed a loyal customer base with clients maintaining their accounts for approximately ten years on average as compared to approximately five years for the mutual fund industry, as derived from statistics provided by the Investment Company Institute (“ICI”). This loyalty is evidenced by a relatively low redemption rate in the Advisors channel for the year ended December 31, 2006 of 9.2%, which is considerably lower than the industry average of 20.1%. Our Wholesale channel is focused on offering our Funds for sale through third-party distribution outlets. Our Institutional channel has built assets based on a solid reputation for good performance and on our unwavering investment style which, over time, have yielded steady and consistent results. Our mutual fund families offer a wide variety of investment options. We are the exclusive underwriter and distributor of 72 registered open-end mutual fund portfolios, including 22 portfolios in the Advisors Funds family, 26 portfolios in the Ivy Funds families, 21 portfolios in the Target Funds family and three portfolios in InvestEd. The Advisors Funds, variable products offering the Target Funds and InvestEd are offered primarily through our financial advisors and Legend retirement advisors; in limited circumstances, certain Advisors Funds, Target Funds and InvestEd are also offered through the Wholesale channel. The 9 Ivy Funds are offered through both our Wholesale channel and Advisors channel. The Funds’ assets under management are included in either our Advisors channel or our Wholesale channel depending on who marketed the client account or is the broker of record. Pursuant to general agency arrangements with Nationwide and Minnesota Life, we distribute their variable annuity products, which offer the Target Funds as an investment vehicle. We also offer our customers retirement and life insurance products underwritten by Nationwide and Minnesota Life. Through our insurance agency subsidiaries, our financial advisors also sell life insurance and disability products underwritten by various carriers through a general agency arrangement with BISYS Insurance Services, Inc. In addition, we offer asset allocation products, Strategic Portfolio Allocation (“SPA”) and Managed Allocation Portfolio (“MAP”), which are comprised of our Funds. Using a variety of funds ranging from money market and fixed income funds to domestic and international equity funds, SPA is a predictive, dynamic asset allocation system that reallocates the asset classes within model portfolios. Clients investing in SPA can choose from five available model portfolios with objectives ranging from conservative to aggressive, based on their investment objectives, goals, risk tolerance and other factors. MAP, a fee-based mutual fund asset allocation program, is structured to provide advisors and clients with advisory services, a pricing option competitive with other firms’ fee-based products, and flexibility to allow advisors to assist clients in selecting underlying funds based upon their individual needs. A primary difference between SPA and MAP is that advisors assist clients in selecting the underlying mutual funds within MAP models in accordance with pre-established ranges, whereas for SPA, the Company’s Investment Policy Committee determines the model compositions. We earn underwriting and distribution fee revenues primarily by distributing the Funds pursuant to an underwriting agreement with each Fund (except the Target Funds as explained below) and, to a lesser extent, by distributing mutual funds offered by other companies not affiliated with us. Under each underwriting agreement, we offer and sell the Funds’ shares on a continuous basis (open-end funds) and pay certain costs associated with underwriting and distributing the Funds, including the costs of developing and producing sales literature and printing of prospectuses, which may be either partially or fully reimbursed by the Funds. The Funds are sold in various classes that are substantially structured in ways that conform to industry standards (i.e., “front-end load,” “back-end load,” “level-load” and institutional). When a client purchases Class A shares (front-end load), the client pays an initial sales charge of up to 5.75% of the amount invested. The sales charge for Class A shares typically declines as the investment amount increases. In addition, investors may combine their purchases of all fund shares to qualify for a reduced sales charge. Class A shares purchased at net asset value are assessed a 1% contingent deferred sales charge (“CDSC”) if the shares are redeemed within 12 months of purchase. When a client purchases Class B shares (back-end load), we do not charge an initial sales charge, but we do charge a CDSC upon early redemption of shares, up to 5% of the lesser of the current market net asset value or the purchase cost of the redeemed shares in the first year and declining to zero for shares held for more than six years. Class B shares convert to Class A shares after eight years. When a client purchases Class C shares (level-load), we do not charge an initial sales charge, but we do charge investors who redeem their Class C shares in the first year a CDSC of 1% of the lesser of the current market net asset value or the purchase cost of the shares redeemed. Under a Rule 12b-1 service plan, the Funds may charge a maximum fee of 0.25% of the average daily net assets under management as compensation or reimbursement for expenses paid to broker/dealers and 10 other sales professionals in connection with providing ongoing services to the Funds’ shareholders and/or maintaining the Funds’ shareholder accounts. The Funds’ Class B and Class C shares may charge a maximum of 0.75% of the average daily net assets under management under a Rule 12b-1 distribution plan as compensation or reimbursement to broker/dealers and other sales professionals for their services in connection with distributing shares of that class. The Rule 12b-1 plans are subject to annual approval by the Funds’ board of directors/trustees, including a majority of the disinterested members, by votes cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. All Funds may terminate the service plan at any time with approval of fund directors or portfolio shareholders (a majority of either) without penalty. We distribute variable products offering the Target Funds as investment vehicles pursuant to general agency arrangements with Nationwide and Minnesota Life. Commissions, marketing allowances and other compensation are paid to us as stipulated by such agreements. In connection with these arrangements, the Target Funds are offered and sold on a continuous basis. In addition to distributing variable products, we distribute a number of other insurance products through our insurance agency subsidiaries, including individual term life, group term life, whole life, accident and health, long-term care, Medicare supplement and disability insurance. We receive commissions and compensation from various underwriters for distributing these products. We are not an underwriter for any insurance policies. We distribute our investment products through our Advisors channel, our Wholesale channel and our Institutional channel. Advisors Channel Our advisors sell investment products primarily to middle-income and mass affluent individuals, families and businesses across the country in geographic markets of all sizes. We assist clients on a wide range of financial issues with a significant focus on helping them plan, generally, for long-term savings such as retirement and education. We provide financial planning services for clients, offering one-on-one consultations that emphasize long-term relationships through continued service. We believe that we are well positioned to benefit from the industry trend of “assisted sales” (sales of investment products through an advisor) driven by the array of options now available to investors and the need for financial planning advice. We believe that demographic trends and an increasing recognition of the importance of having adequate retirement savings will continue to support increased consumer demand for our products and services. Our sales force consisted of 2,255 financial advisors, including 156 district managers and 165 district supervisors as of December 31, 2006. Eight regional vice presidents and 108 managing principals (formerly division managers) manage this sales force, which operates out of 189 offices located throughout the United States. In addition, we have 372 individual advisor offices. We believe, based on industry data, that our financial advisors are currently one of the largest sales forces in the United States selling primarily mutual funds, and that W&R, our broker/dealer subsidiary, ranks among the largest independent broker/dealers. For the year ended December 31, 2006, our financial advisors sold approximately $3.2 billion of investment products. As of December 31, 2006, our Advisors channel had approximately 657,000 mutual fund customers with an average investment of $52,000 and approximately 82,000 variable account customers with an average investment of $55,000. 11 As of December 31, 2006, 40% of our financial advisors have been with us for more than five years and 25% for more than ten years. Our New Advisor Career Transition program(s) designed to meet the needs of the different audiences from which we recruit such as college graduates, career changers and industry experienced professionals, provide our new advisors with a unique transition experience until they can develop the skills and client base necessary to earn a stable income from commissions. The new transition programs have played an important role in advisor retention and have contributed to an increase in the average productivity of our new associates. A number of initiatives were undertaken in 2005 to increase sales, improve productivity and enhance field office support. These initiatives included providing our field managers and advisors with home office resources to help provide assistance with recruiting, training, compliance and product support. Enhanced education and product support is also being provided to our financial advisors through additional wholesaling efforts. In addition, recent procedures to centralize some of the compliance responsibilities at the enterprise level have resulted in less burden on our field leaders related to administrative responsibilities, allowing them more time to focus on recruiting activity, training and increasing sales. The introduction of a Sales Incentive Dashboard to the Advisors channel in 2007 will make it easier for field leaders and advisors to keep track of their sales results daily with web based sales data. Sales trends confirm that our efforts are gaining traction and appear to have created a solid platform for continued improvement. Sales per advisor (investment product sales divided by the average number of advisors) were $994 thousand, $776 thousand and $709 thousand, for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Gross production per advisor, an additional method of measuring advisor productivity, is a measure which better reflects the activities of the advisor and is more closely aligned with industry standard methods of using gross commissions per sales representative to measure productivity. For purposes of this measure, gross production consists of front-end load sales and distribution fee revenues, as it would be received from an underwriter, from sales of both our Funds and other mutual funds. In addition, it includes fee revenues from our asset allocation products and financial plans, and commission revenues earned on insurance products. This measure excludes underwriting fee revenues, Rule 12b-1 service fee revenues, variable annuity distribution fee revenues and all revenues related to Class Y shares, all of which do not relate to the distribution activities of our financial advisors. Gross production per advisor was $61.8 thousand, $53.5 thousand and $52.8 thousand for the years 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Wholesale Channel Our Wholesale channel consists of those sales that are garnered through various third-party distribution outlets and through Legend retirement advisors. In an effort to accelerate sales growth, we have focused on expanding our Wholesale distribution efforts over the past four years. Our launch into this channel included acquiring Mackenzie Investment Management Inc. (“MIMI”) in 2002 and entering into a strategic alliance agreement with Securian in 2003. MIMI was a Florida-based investment management subsidiary of Toronto-based Mackenzie Financial Corporation (“MFC”) and adviser of the Ivy Funds sold in the United States. As part of our strategic alliance with Securian, we agreed to become investment adviser on substantially all equity assets managed by Advantus Capital Management, Inc. (“Advantus”), a subsidiary of Securian and an affiliate of Minnesota Life, and to acquire the assets of Securian’s Advantus funds. As a result of an increased demand for our funds in our Wholesale channel, market appreciation and assets gained through acquisitions, our assets under management from the Wholesale channel have increased from $3.8 billion at December 31, 2003 to $10.8 billion at December 31, 2006. This channel’s ending assets includes $5.8 billion in assets that are subadvised by other managers. 12 During 2006, we achieved significant traction in sales of our mutual funds through wholesale distribution. We continued to expand our team of national wholesalers, reaching a total of 26 by year-end. Throughout 2006, the Ivy Funds family increased its presence in a number of broker/dealer platforms. These third parties have a client relationship with, and maintain an account for, the investors. Typically, investors purchase our investment products at the suggestion of third parties, thereby expanding our opportunities to gain new investors. Our efforts focus principally on distributing the Ivy Funds through three segments: broker/dealer (the largest method of distributing mutual funds for the industry), retirement (401(k) platforms using multiple managers) and registered investment advisors (fee-based financial advisors who generally sell institutional class mutual funds through financial supermarkets). We have established an important presence in the wholesale market. Legend retirement advisors distribute our Funds, along with mutual funds managed by other investment companies, through Legend’s retirement advisor sales force. At December 31, 2006, Legend had 509 registered retirement advisors in 100 Legend offices, which are primarily individual advisor offices, located mainly in the eastern part of the United States. These retirement advisors are not included in the discussion of our financial advisors, nor in disclosures of the number of advisors we have licensed. For the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, Legend retirement advisors sold $74.0 million, $67.7 million and $54.7 million of our mutual funds, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, Legend also sold $382.5 million, $379.7 million and $347.4 million, respectively, of mutual funds offered by other companies not affiliated with us. Sales per Legend retirement advisor were $897 thousand in 2006. Legend had $4.7 billion of client assets under administration as of December 31, 2006. Institutional Channel WRIMCO and ACF market their investment advisory services directly to institutions or through consultants which assist with the manager selection process. Most of our institutional business is in defined benefit pension plans, and a significant amount of assets are managed for defined contribution pension plans, foundations, endowments, Taft-Hartley plans, high-net worth individuals and insurance company general accounts. During the past two years, our institutional asset flows were negatively impacted by a combination of underperformance at ACF and a block of client assets moving to an alternative investment. We maintain a solid reputation in the institutional asset management business, built on a good performance record and on our investment style, which over time has brought steady and consistent results. Over the past five years, we have expanded our distribution efforts in this channel by entering into additional subadvisory agreements with certain strategic partners. As part of the December 16, 2002 acquisition of MIMI’s business, we entered into new subadvisory and marketing agreements extending MFC’s subadvisory agreements with IICO and providing us with additional investment management opportunities in Canada. Pursuant to these subadvisory agreements, we receive investment management fees covering multiple funds. The subadvisory agreement with MFC expires in 2007 and is renewable on an annual basis. Through our strategic alliance agreement with Securian, we agreed to become investment adviser for substantially all equity assets managed by Advantus. In addition, the Company manages as separate accounts certain actively managed equities in the Minnesota Life and Securian Holding Company general accounts. We earn service fee revenues by providing various services to the Funds and their shareholders pursuant to shareholder servicing and accounting service agreements with each Fund. Pursuant to the 13 shareholder servicing agreements, we perform shareholder servicing functions for which the Funds pay us a monthly fee, including: maintaining shareholder accounts; issuing, transferring, and redeeming shares; distributing dividends and paying redemptions; furnishing information related to the Funds; and handling shareholder inquiries. Pursuant to the accounting service agreements, we provide the Funds with bookkeeping and accounting services and assistance for which the Funds pay us a monthly fee, including: maintaining the Funds’ records; pricing Fund shares; and preparing prospectuses for existing shareholders, proxy statements and certain other shareholder reports. Shareholder servicing and accounting service agreements with the Funds may be adopted or amended with the approval of the disinterested members of each Fund’s board of directors/trustees. Each of the shareholder servicing and accounting service agreements have annually renewable terms of one year. The securities industry is subject to extensive regulation covering all aspects of the securities business. Virtually all aspects of our business are subject to various federal and state laws and regulations. These laws and regulations are primarily intended to protect investment advisory clients and shareholders of registered investment companies. Under such laws and regulations, agencies and organizations that regulate investment advisers, broker/dealers, and transfer agents like us have broad administrative powers, including the power to limit, restrict or prohibit an investment adviser, broker/dealer or transfer agent from carrying on its business in the event that it fails to comply with applicable laws and regulations. In such event, the possible sanctions that may be imposed include, but are not limited to, the suspension of individual employees or agents, limitations on engaging in certain lines of business for specified periods of time, censures, fines and the revocation of investment adviser and other registrations. The Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) is the federal agency responsible for the administration of the federal securities laws. Certain of our subsidiaries are registered with the SEC as investment advisers under the Advisers Act. The Advisers Act imposes numerous obligations on registered investment advisers including, among other things, fiduciary duties, record-keeping and reporting requirements, operational requirements and disclosure obligations, as well as general anti-fraud prohibitions. Investment advisers are subject to periodic examination by the SEC, and the SEC is authorized to institute proceedings and impose sanctions for violations of the Advisers Act, ranging from censure to termination of an investment adviser’s registration. Our Funds are registered as investment companies with the SEC under the ICA, and various filings are made with states under applicable state rules and regulations. The ICA regulates the relationship between a mutual fund and its investment adviser and prohibits or severely restricts principal transactions and joint transactions. Various regulations cover certain investment strategies that may be used by the Funds for hedging and/or speculative purposes. To the extent the Funds purchase futures contracts, options on futures contracts and foreign currency contracts, they are subject to the commodities and futures regulations of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. The Company is also subject to federal and state laws affecting corporate governance, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“S-OX”), as well as rules adopted by the SEC. As a New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) listed company, we are also subject to the rules of the NYSE, including the corporate governance listing standards approved by the SEC. We derive a large portion of our revenues from investment management agreements. Under the Advisers Act, our investment management agreements terminate automatically if assigned without the client’s consent. Under the ICA, investment advisory agreements with registered investment companies such as the Funds terminate automatically upon assignment. The term “assignment” is broadly defined and includes direct assignments, as well as assignments that may be deemed to occur, under certain circumstances, upon the transfer, directly or indirectly, of a controlling interest in the Company. 14 Three of our subsidiaries, W&R, LEC and IFDI, are also registered as broker/dealers with the SEC and the states. Much of the regulation of broker/dealers has been delegated by the SEC to self-regulatory organizations, principally the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board and the National Association of Securities Dealers (the “NASD”). The NASD is the primary regulator of our broker/dealer activities. These self-regulatory organizations adopt rules (subject to approval by the SEC) that govern the industry and conduct periodic examinations of our operations over which they have jurisdiction. Securities firms are also subject to regulation by state securities administrators in those states in which they conduct business. Broker/dealers are subject to regulations that cover all aspects of the securities business, including sales practices, market making and trading among broker/dealers, the use and safekeeping of clients’ funds and securities, capital structure, record-keeping, and the conduct of directors, officers and employees. Violation of applicable regulations can result in the revocation of broker/dealer licenses, the imposition of censures or fines, and the suspension or expulsion of a firm, its officers or employees. W&R, LEC and IFDI are also each subject to certain net capital requirements pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Uniform Net Capital Rule 15c3-1 of the Exchange Act (the “Net Capital Rule”) specifies the minimum level of net capital a registered broker/dealer must maintain and also requires that part of its assets be kept in a relatively liquid form. The Net Capital Rule is designed to ensure the financial soundness and liquidity of broker/dealers. Any failure to maintain the required minimum net capital may subject us to suspension or revocation of our registration or other limitations on our activity by the SEC, and suspension or expulsion by the NASD or other regulatory bodies, and ultimately could require the broker/dealer’s liquidation. The maintenance of minimum net capital requirements may also limit our ability to pay dividends. As of December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 our net capital for W&R, LEC and IFDI exceeded all minimum requirements. Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Investor Protection Act of 1970, W&R and LEC are members of the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (“SIPC”). IFDI is not a member of the SIPC. The SIPC provides protection against lost, stolen or missing securities (but not loss in value due to a rise or fall in market prices) for clients in the event of the failure of a broker/dealer. Accounts are protected up to $500,000 per client with a limit of $100,000 for cash balances. However, since the Funds, and not our broker/dealer subsidiaries, maintain customer accounts, SIPC protection would not cover mutual fund shareholders. On October 26, 2001, President Bush signed the USA PATRIOT Act, aimed at giving the government new powers in the war on terrorism. Title III of this new legislation, the International Money Laundering Abatement and Anti-Terrorist Financing Act of 2001, imposes significant new anti-money laundering requirements on all financial institutions, including domestic banks and domestic operations of foreign banks, broker/dealers, futures commission merchants and investment companies. In 2004, we implemented compliance with Section 404 of S-OX. Our related report on internal controls over financial reporting for 2006 is included in Part I, Item 9A. Additional legislation and regulations, including those relating to the activities of investment advisers, broker/dealers and transfer agents, changes in rules imposed by the SEC or other United States or foreign regulatory authorities and self-regulatory organizations, or changes in the interpretation or enforcement of existing laws and rules may adversely affect our business and profitability. A finding that one of our registered subsidiaries has failed to comply with applicable SEC or broker/dealer regulations could have a material adverse effect on us. Our businesses may be materially affected not only by regulations applicable to us as an investment adviser, broker/dealer or transfer agent, but also by law and regulations of general application. For example, the volume of our principal investment advisory business in a given time period could be affected by, among other things, existing and proposed tax legislation and other governmental regulations and policies (including the interest rate policies of the Federal Reserve Board), and changes in 15 the interpretation or enforcement of existing laws and rules that affect the business and financial communities. The financial services industry is highly competitive and has increasingly become a global industry. According to the ICI, there are approximately 8,500 open-end investment companies of varying sizes, investment policies and objectives whose shares are being offered to the public in the United States. We face substantial competition in all aspects of our business. Factors affecting our business include brand recognition, business reputation, investment performance, quality of service and the continuity of both client relationships and assets under management. Competition is based on the methods of fund share distribution, the type and quality of shareholder services, the success of marketing efforts and the ability to develop investment products for certain market segments, to meet the changing needs of investors, and to achieve competitive investment management performance. We compete with hundreds of other mutual fund management, distribution and service companies that distribute their fund shares through a variety of methods, including affiliated and unaffiliated sales forces, broker/dealers and direct sales to the public of shares offered at a low or no sales charge. Many larger mutual fund complexes have large advertising budgets and established relationships with brokerage houses with large distribution networks, which enable these fund complexes to reach broad client bases. We compete with a large number of investment management firms offering services and products similar to ours, as well as other independent financial advisors. In addition, we compete with brokerage and investment banking firms, insurance companies, commercial banks and other financial institutions and businesses offering other financial products in all aspects of their businesses. Although no single company or group of companies consistently dominates the mutual fund management and services industry, many are larger than us, have greater resources and offer a wider array of financial services and products. We believe that competition in the mutual fund industry will increase as a result of increased flexibility afforded to banks and other financial institutions to sponsor mutual funds and distribute mutual fund shares. In addition, barriers to entry into the investment management business are relatively few, and thus, we face a potentially growing number of competitors, especially during periods of strong financial and economic markets. Many of our competitors in the mutual fund industry are larger, better known, have penetrated more markets and have more resources than us. The distribution of mutual funds and other investment products has undergone significant developments in recent years, which has intensified the competitive environment in which we operate. These developments include the introduction of new products (including hedge funds and exchange traded funds), increasingly complex distribution systems with multiple classes of shares, the development of Internet websites providing investors with the ability to invest on-line, the introduction of sophisticated technological platforms used by financial advisors to sell and service mutual funds for their clients, the introduction of separately managed accounts—previously available only to institutional investors—to individuals, and growth in the number of mutual funds offered. We believe our business model targets customers seeking personal assistance from financial advisors or planners where the primary competition is companies distributing products through a financial advisor or broker/dealer sales force. Our financial advisors compete primarily with large and small broker/dealers, independent financial advisors and insurance representatives. The market for financial planning and advice is extremely fragmented, consisting primarily of relatively small companies with fewer than 100 investment professionals. Competition is based on sales techniques, personal relationships and skills, and the quality of financial planning products and services offered. In recent years, there have been a number of investment companies that offer their products available for sale on the Internet for no front-end sales charges. The effects of this sales technique are not particularly apparent in our business. Our market is that of clients seeking personal assistance through a 16 financial advisor, whereas purchasing products directly through the Internet is considered more appropriate for “do-it-yourself” investors. We view the Internet as a useful communication tool that does not replace the benefits of a personalized financial advisor. It is not our intent to make no-load funds available for sale through the Internet; however, in limited situations, the Internet is available to our customers for the purchase of our products. We also face competition in attracting and retaining qualified financial advisors and employees. The ability to continue to compete effectively in our business depends in part on our ability to compete effectively in the labor market. In order to maximize this ability, we offer competitive compensation, a wide range of benefits and have several stock-based compensation incentive programs. We regard our names as material to our business, and have registered certain service marks associated with our business with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. At December 31, 2006, we had 1,606 full-time employees, consisting of 862 home office employees, 141 employees of subsidiary companies in Florida and Texas, 108 managing principals, eight regional vice presidents, 156 field office support personnel, and 321 district managers and district supervisors; district managers and supervisors are counted as both employees and financial advisors. At December 31, 2006, our sales force was comprised of 2,255 financial advisors, including 1,934 financial advisors who are independent contractors and 321 district managers and district supervisors who are considered employees. In addition, Legend, which is a part of our Wholesale channel, had 509 retirement advisors considered to be independent contractors. We file reports, proxy statements, and other information with the SEC, copies of which can be obtained from the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room can be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. Reports we file electronically with the SEC via the SEC’s Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval system (“EDGAR”) may be accessed through the Internet. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC, at www.sec.gov. The Company makes available free of charge our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports under the “Corporate” section of our internet website at www.waddell.com as soon as it is reasonably practical after such filing has been made with the SEC. Also available under the “Corporate” section is information on corporate governance. Stockholders have the ability to view our Corporate Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the “Code of Ethics”), which applies to directors, officers, and all employees of the Company; our Corporate Governance Guidelines; and the charters of key committees (including the Audit, Compensation and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees). Printed copies of these documents are available to any stockholder upon request by calling the investor relations department at 1-800-532-2757. Any future amendments to or waivers of the Code of Ethics will be posted to our website. 17 Regulatory Risk Is Substantial In Our Business. Non-Compliance With Regulations Or Changes In Regulations Could Have A Significant Impact On The Conduct Of Our Business And Our Prospects, Revenues And Earnings. Our investment management and broker/dealer businesses are heavily regulated, primarily at the federal level. Non-compliance with applicable laws or regulations could result in sanctions being levied against us, including fines and censures, suspension or expulsion from a certain jurisdiction or market, or the revocation of licenses. Non-compliance with applicable laws or regulations could also adversely affect our reputation, prospects, revenues and earnings. In addition, changes in current legal, regulatory, accounting, tax or compliance requirements or in governmental policies could adversely affect our operations, revenues and earnings by, among other things, increasing expenses and reducing investor interest in certain products we offer. In response to recent scandals in the mutual fund industry regarding late trading, market timing and selective disclosure of portfolio information, various legislative and regulatory proposals are pending in or before, or have been adopted by, the SEC, the United States Congress, the legislatures in states in which we conduct operations and the various regulatory agencies that supervise our operations. Additionally, the SEC, the NASD and other regulators, are investigating certain practices within the mutual fund industry. These proposals, if enacted or adopted, could have a substantial impact on the regulation, operation and distribution of mutual funds, and could adversely affect our ability to distribute and retain the assets we manage and our revenues and net income. In particular, new rules and regulations recently proposed or adopted by the SEC and NASD will place greater regulatory compliance and administrative burdens on us. For example, recently adopted rules require investment advisers and mutual funds to adopt, implement, review and administer written policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent violation of the federal securities laws. Similarly, the public disclosure requirements applicable to mutual funds have become more stringent. We may require additional staff to satisfy these obligations, which would increase our operating expenses. Fee Pressures Could Reduce Our Revenues And Profitability. There is a trend toward lower fees in some segments of the investment management business. In addition, the SEC has adopted rules that are designed to improve mutual fund corporate governance, which could result in further downward pressure on investment advisory fees in the mutual fund industry. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain our current fee structure. Fee reductions on existing or future new business could have an adverse impact on our revenues and profitability. There May Be Adverse Effects On Our Revenues And Earnings If Our Funds’ Performance Declines. Success in the investment management and mutual fund businesses is dependent on the investment performance of client accounts relative to market conditions and the performance of competing funds. Good relative performance stimulates sales of the Funds’ shares and tends to keep redemptions low. Sales of the Funds’ shares in turn generate higher management fees and distribution revenues. Good relative performance also attracts institutional and separate accounts. Conversely, poor relative performance results in decreased sales, increased redemptions of the Funds’ shares and the loss of institutional and separate accounts, resulting in decreases in revenues. Failure of our Funds to perform well could, therefore, have a material adverse effect on our revenues and earnings. An Increasing Percentage Of Our Assets Under Management Are Distributed Through Our Wholesale Channel Which Reflects Higher Redemption Rates Than Our Traditional Advisors Channel. In recent years we have focused on expanding distribution efforts relating to our Wholesale channel. The percentage of our assets under management in our Wholesale channel has increased from 10.4% at December 31, 2003 to 22.4% at December 31, 2006, and the percentage of our total sales represented by the Wholesale channel has increased from 16.5% for the year ended December 31, 2003 to 52.0% for the year ended December 31, 2006. The success of sales in our Wholesale channel depends upon our maintaining strong 18 relationships with institutional accounts, certain strategic partners and our non-proprietary sales outlets. Many of those distribution sources also offer investors competing funds that are internally or externally managed, which could limit the distribution of our products. The loss of any of these distribution channels and the inability to continue to access new distribution channels could decrease our assets under management and adversely affect our results of operations and growth. We cannot assure you that these channels and their client bases will continue to be accessible to us. The loss or diminution of the level of business we do with those providers could have a material adverse effect on our business, especially with the higher concentration of assets in certain funds in this channel. In addition, the Wholesale channel had redemption rates of 21.0% and 20.3% for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively, compared to redemption rates of 9.2% and 9.6% for our Advisors channel in the same periods reflecting the higher rate of transferability of investment assets in the Wholesale channel. There May Be An Adverse Effect On Our Revenues And Earnings If Our Investors Remove The Assets We Manage On Short Notice. A majority of our revenues are derived from investment management agreements with the Funds that, as required by law, are terminable on 60 days’ notice. Each investment management agreement must be approved and renewed annually by the disinterested members of each Fund’s board of directors/trustees or its shareholders, as required by law. Some of these investment management agreements may be terminated or may not be renewed, and new agreements may not be available. In addition, mutual fund investors may redeem their investments in our mutual funds at any time without any prior notice. Our investment management agreements with institutions and other non-mutual fund accounts are generally terminable upon relatively short notice. Investors can terminate their relationship with us, reduce their aggregate amount of assets under management, or shift their funds to other types of accounts with different rate structures for any number of reasons, including investment performance, changes in prevailing interest rates and financial market performance. The ability of our investors to accomplish this on short notice has increased materially due to the growth of assets in our Wholesale channel, and with the concentration of assets in certain funds in this channel. The decrease in revenues that could result from any such event could have a material adverse effect on our business and earnings. There Is No Assurance That New Information Systems Will be Implemented Successfully. A number of the Company’s key information technology systems were developed solely to handle the Company’s particular information technology infrastructure. The Company is in the process of evaluating and implementing new information technology and systems that it believes could facilitate and improve our core businesses and our productivity. There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in implementing the new information technology and systems or that their implementation will be completed in a timely or cost effective manner. There May Be Adverse Effects Of The Termination Or Failure To Renew Certain Agreements. A majority of the Company’s revenues are derived from investment management agreements with the Funds that, as required by law, are terminable on 60 days’ notice. Each such investment management agreement must be approved and renewed annually by disinterested members of each Funds’ board of directors/trustees or its shareholders, as required by law. In addition, the Company has co-exclusive arrangements with Nationwide and Minnesota Life/Securian to distribute their variable annuities containing the Target Funds managed by the Company, which are currently set to expire in the fall of 2008. There can be no assurances that these contracts will be renewed on favorable terms, if at all, at their expiration. In addition, failure to renew the Securian arrangement could have an adverse impact on the strategic alliance agreement with Securian whereby we manage equity assets for their asset management affiliates. Finally, our subadvisory agreement with MFC expires in 2007. There can be no assurances that this agreement will be renewed on favorable terms, if at all. See “Business—Distribution Channels—Wholesale Channel, Institutional Channel.” Our Financial Advisors Are Classified As Independent Contractors, And Changes To Their Classification Costs May Increase Our Operating Expenses. From time to time, various legislative or regulatory proposals 19 are introduced at the federal or state levels to change the status of independent contractors’ classification to employees for either employment tax purposes (withholding, social security, Medicare and unemployment taxes) or other benefits available to employees. Currently, most individuals are classified as employees or independent contractors for employment tax purposes based on 20 “common law” factors, rather than any definition found in the Internal Revenue Code or Internal Revenue Service regulations. We classify the majority of our financial advisors as independent contractors for all purposes, including employment tax and employee benefit purposes. There can be no assurance that legislative, judicial, or regulatory (including tax) authorities will not introduce proposals or assert interpretations of existing rules and regulations that would change the employee/independent contractor classification of those financial advisors currently doing business with us. The costs associated with potential changes, if any, with respect to these independent contractor classifications could have a material adverse effect on the Company, including our results of operations and financial condition if we were unable to reflect them in our compensation arrangements with the financial advisors. New Regulations Restricting The Use Of “Soft Dollars” Could Result In An Increase In Our Expenses. On behalf of our mutual fund and investment advisory clients, we make decisions to buy and sell securities for each portfolio, select broker/dealers to execute trades, and negotiate brokerage commission rates. In connection with these transactions, we may receive “soft dollar credits” from broker/dealers that we can use to defray certain of our expenses. If regulations are adopted eliminating the ability of asset managers to use “soft dollars,” our operating expenses could increase. Our Ability To Hire And Retain Senior Executive Management And Other Key Personnel Is Significant To Our Success And Growth. Our continued success depends to a substantial degree on our ability to attract and retain qualified senior executive management and other key personnel to conduct our broker/dealer, fund management and investment advisory businesses. The market for qualified fund managers, investment analysts and financial advisors is extremely competitive. Additionally, we are dependent on our financial advisors and select wholesale distributors to sell our mutual funds and other investment products. Our growth prospects will be directly affected by the quality, quantity and productivity of financial advisors we are able to successfully recruit and retain. There can be no assurances that we will be successful in our efforts to recruit and retain the required personnel. Our Business Is Subject To Substantial Risk From Litigation, Regulatory Investigations And Potential Securities Laws Liability. Many aspects of our business involve substantial risks of litigation, regulatory investigations and/or arbitration, and from time to time, we are involved in various legal proceedings in the course of operating our business. The Company is exposed to liability under federal and state securities laws, other federal and state laws and court decisions, as well as rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC, the NASD and other regulatory bodies. We, our subsidiaries, and/or certain of our past and present officers, have been named as parties in legal actions, regulatory investigations and proceedings, and securities arbitrations in the past and have been subject to claims alleging violation of such laws, rules and regulations, which have resulted in the payment of fines and settlements. An adverse resolution of any lawsuit, legal or regulatory proceeding or claim against us could result in substantial costs or reputational harm to the Company, and have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition or results of operations, which, in turn, may negatively affect the market price of our Class A common stock (“common stock”) and our ability to pay dividends. In addition to these financial costs and risks, the defense of litigation or arbitration may divert resources and management’s attention from operations. Our Revenues, Earnings And Prospects Could Be Adversely Affected If The Securities Markets Decline. Our results of operations are affected by certain economic factors, including the level of the securities markets. The existence of adverse market conditions (which is particularly material to us due to our high concentration of assets under management in the United States domestic stock market) and lack of investor confidence could result in investors withdrawing from the markets or decreasing their rate of investment, either of which could adversely affect our revenues, earnings and growth prospects. Because our revenues are, to a large extent, investment management fees that are based on the value of assets 20 under management, a decline in the value of these assets adversely affects our revenues and earnings. Our growth is dependent to a significant degree upon our ability to attract and retain mutual fund assets, and, in an adverse economic environment, this may prove difficult. Our growth rate has varied from year to year and there can be no assurance that the average growth rates sustained in the recent past will continue. In addition, a decline in the market value of these assets could cause our clients to withdraw funds in favor of investments they perceive as offering greater opportunity or lower risk, which could also negatively impact our revenues and earnings. The combination of adverse markets reducing sales and investment management fees could compound on each other and materially affect earnings. We Could Experience Adverse Effects On Our Revenues, Profits And Market Share Due To Strong Competition From Numerous And Sometimes Larger Companies. We compete with stock brokerage firms, mutual fund companies, investment banking firms, insurance companies, banks, Internet investment sites, and other financial institutions and individual registered investment advisers. Many of these companies not only offer mutual fund investments and services, but also offer an ever-increasing number of other financial products and services. Many of our competitors have more products and product lines, services and brand recognition and may also have substantially greater assets under management. Many larger mutual fund complexes have developed relationships with brokerage houses with large distribution networks, which may enable those fund complexes to reach broader client bases. In recent years, there has been a trend of consolidation in the mutual fund industry resulting in stronger competitors with greater financial resources than us. There has also been a trend toward online Internet financial services. If existing or potential customers decide to invest with our competitors instead of with us, our market share, revenues and income could decline. The Terms Of Our Credit Facility Impose Restrictions On Our Operations That May Adversely Impact Our Prospects And The Operations Of Our Business. There are no assurances we will be able to raise additional capital if needed, which could negatively impact our liquidity, prospects and operations. We have entered into a three-year revolving credit facility with various lenders providing for total loans of $200.0 million. Under this facility, the lenders may, at their option upon our request, expand the facility to $300.0 million. We also utilize money market loans, which function similarly to commercial paper. At February 23, 2007, there was no balance outstanding under either the revolving credit facility or the money market loan program. The terms and conditions of our revolving credit facility and the money market loans impose restrictions that affect, among other things, our ability to incur additional debt, make capital expenditures and acquisitions, merge, sell assets, pay dividends and create or incur liens. Our ability to comply with the financial covenants set forth in our credit facility could be affected by events beyond our control, and there can be no assurance that we will achieve operating results that will comply with such terms and conditions, a breach of which could result in a default under our credit facility. In the event of a default, the banks could elect to declare the outstanding principal amount of our credit facility, all interest thereon, and all other amounts payable under our credit facility to be immediately due and payable. Our ability to meet our cash needs and satisfy our debt obligations will depend upon our future operating performance, asset values, the perception of our creditworthiness and, indirectly, the market value of our stock. These factors will be affected by prevailing economic, financial and business conditions and other circumstances, some of which are beyond our control. We anticipate that any borrowings from our existing credit facility, money market loans and/or cash provided by operating activities will provide sufficient funds to finance our business plans, meet our operating expenses and service our debt obligations as they become due. However, in the event that we require additional capital, there can be no assurance that we will be able to raise such capital when needed or on satisfactory terms, if at all, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to renew or refinance our credit facility upon its maturity or on favorable terms. If we are unable to raise capital or obtain financing, we may be forced to incur unanticipated costs or revise our business plan. Systems Failure May Disrupt Our Business And Result In Financial Loss And Liability To Our Clients. Our business is highly dependent on financial, accounting and other data processing systems and other 21 communications and information systems, including our mutual fund transfer agency system maintained by a third-party service provider. We process a large number of transactions on a daily basis and rely upon the proper functioning of computer systems of third parties. If any of these systems do not function properly, we could suffer financial loss, business disruption, liability to clients, regulatory intervention or damage to our reputation. If our systems are unable to accommodate an increasing volume of transactions, our ability to expand could be affected. Although we have back-up systems in place, we cannot be sure that any systems failure or interruption, whether caused by a fire, other natural disaster, power or telecommunications failure, acts of terrorism or war or otherwise will not occur, or that back-up procedures and capabilities in the event of any failure or interruption will be adequate. Potential Misuse Of Funds And Information In The Possession Of Our Employees And/Or Advisors Could Result In Liability To Our Clients And Subject Us To Regulatory Sanctions. Our financial advisors handle a significant amount of funds for our clients as well as financial and personal information. Although we have implemented a system of controls to minimize the risk of fraudulent taking or misuse of funds and information, there can be no assurance that our controls will be adequate or that a taking or misuse by our employees or financial advisors can be prevented. We could be liable in the event of a taking or misuse by our employees or financial advisors and we could also be subject to regulatory sanctions. Although we believe that we have adequately insured against these risks, there can be no assurance that our insurance will be maintained or that it will be adequate to meet any liability. There Are No Assurances That We Will Pay Future Dividends Which Could Adversely Affect Our Stock Price. The Waddell & Reed Financial, Inc. Board of Directors (the “Board of Directors”) currently intends to continue to declare quarterly dividends on our common stock; however, the declaration and payment of dividends is subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors. Any determination as to the payment of dividends, as well as the level of such dividends, will depend on, among other things, general economic and business conditions, our strategic plans, our financial results and condition, and contractual, legal, and regulatory restrictions on the payment of dividends by us or our subsidiaries. We are a holding company and, as such, our ability to pay dividends is subject to the ability of our subsidiaries to provide us with cash. There can be no assurance that the current quarterly dividend level will be maintained or that we will pay any dividends in any future period(s). Any change in the level of our dividends or the suspension of the payment thereof could adversely affect our stock price. Our Stockholders Rights Plan Could Deter Takeover Attempts Which Some Of Our Stockholders May Believe To Be In Their Best Interest. Under certain conditions, the rights under our stockholders rights plan entitle the holders of such rights to receive shares of our common stock having a value equal to two times the exercise price of the right. The rights are attached to each share of our outstanding common stock and generally are exercisable only if a person or group acquires 15% or more of the voting power represented by our common stock. Our stockholders rights plan could impede the completion of a merger, tender offer, or other takeover attempt even though some or a majority of our stockholders might believe that a merger, tender offer or takeover is in their best interests, and even if such a transaction could result in our stockholders receiving a premium for their shares of our stock over the then current market price of our stock. Provisions Of Our Organizational Documents Could Deter Takeover Attempts Which Some Of Our Stockholders May Believe To Be In Their Best Interest. Under our Certificate of Incorporation, our Board of Directors has the authority, without action by our stockholders, to fix certain terms and issue shares of our Preferred Stock, par value $1.00 per share. Actions of our Board of Directors pursuant to this authority may have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a change in control of the Company. Other provisions in our Certificate of Incorporation and in our Bylaws impose procedural and other requirements that could be deemed to have anti-takeover effects, including replacing incumbent directors. 22 Our Board of Directors is divided into three classes, each of which is to serve for a staggered three-year term after the initial classification and election, and incumbent directors may not be removed without cause, all of which may make it more difficult for a third party to gain control of our Board of Directors. In addition, as a Delaware corporation we are subject to section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. With certain exceptions, section 203 imposes restrictions on mergers and other business combinations between us and any holder of 15% or more of our voting stock. Our Holding Company Structure Results In Structural Subordination And May Affect Our Ability To Fund Our Operations And Make Payments On Our Debt. We are a holding company and, accordingly, substantially all of our operations are conducted through our subsidiaries. As a result, our cash flow and our ability to service our debt, including $200 million of our senior notes, are dependent upon the earnings of our subsidiaries and the distribution of earnings, loans or other payments by our subsidiaries to us. Our subsidiaries are separate and distinct legal entities and have no obligation to pay any amounts due on our debt or provide us with funds for our payment obligations, whether by dividends, distributions, loans or other payments. In addition, any payment of dividends, distributions, loans or advances to us by our subsidiaries could be subject to statutory or contractual restrictions. Payments to us by our subsidiaries will also be contingent upon our subsidiaries’ earnings and business considerations. Our right to receive any assets of any of our subsidiaries upon their liquidation or reorganization, and therefore the right of the holders of our debt to participate in those assets, would be effectively subordinated to the claims of those subsidiaries’ creditors, including trade creditors. In addition, even if we were a creditor of any of our subsidiaries, our rights as a creditor would be effectively subordinate to any security interest in the assets of our subsidiaries and any indebtedness of our subsidiaries senior to that held by us. ITEM 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments None. Our home offices lease approximately 350,000 square feet for Waddell & Reed, Legend, and ACF located in Overland Park, Kansas, Palm Beach Gardens, Florida, and San Antonio, Texas, respectively. This figure does not include office space of 41,000 square feet formerly leased by MIMI in Boca Raton, Florida, which has been sublet. In addition, we lease office space for financial advisors and sales management in various locations throughout the United States totaling approximately 610,000 square feet. In the opinion of management, the office space leased by the Company is adequate for existing operating needs. The Company is involved from time to time in various legal proceedings, regulatory investigations and claims incident to the normal conduct of business, which may include proceedings that are specific to us and others generally applicable to business practices within the industries in which we operate. A substantial legal liability or a significant regulatory action against us could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and on the results of operations in a particular quarter or year. ITEM 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders During the fourth quarter of the fiscal year covered by this report, no matter was submitted to a vote of the Company’s security holders, through the solicitation of proxies or otherwise. 23 ITEM 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Our Class A common stock (“common stock”) is traded on the NYSE under the ticker symbol “WDR.” The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the reported high and low sale prices of our common stock, as reported by the NYSE, as well as the cash dividends paid for these time periods:
Year-end closing prices of our common stock for 2006 and 2005, respectively were: $27.36 and $20.97. The closing price of our common stock on February 23, 2007 was $25.73. According to the records of our transfer agent, we had 4,225 holders of record of common stock as of February 23, 2007. We believe that a substantially larger number of beneficial stockholders hold such shares in depository or nominee form. The declaration of dividends is subject to the discretion of the Board of Directors. We intend, from time to time, to pay cash dividends on our common stock as our Board of Directors deems appropriate, after consideration of our operating results, financial condition, cash and capital requirements, compliance with covenants in our revolving credit facility and such other factors as the Board of Directors deems relevant. Our current credit facility does not limit our ability to pay cash dividends. To the extent assets are used to meet minimum net capital requirements under the Net Capital Rule, they are not available for distribution to stockholders as dividends. See Part I, Item 1. “Business—Regulation.” The Board of Directors approved an increase in the quarterly dividend on our common stock from $.15 per share to $.17 per share beginning with our second quarter 2007 dividend, payable on May 1, 2007. We anticipate that quarterly dividends will continue to be paid. Our Board of Directors has authorized the repurchase of our common stock in the open market and/or private purchases. The acquired shares may be used for corporate purposes, including shares issued to employees in our stock-based compensation programs. During the year ended December 31, 2006, we repurchased (i) 1,139,116 shares in the open market and in private purchases at an aggregate cost, including commissions, of $27.7 million, (ii) 6,933 mature shares from stock incentive plan participants to cover the strike price of options exercised in connection with a Stock Option Restoration Program (the “SORP”), (iii) 477 newly issued shares from SORP participants to cover their statutory minimum tax withholdings on option exercises, and (iv) 238,045 shares from related parties to cover their tax withholdings from the vesting of nonvested shares. The aggregate cost of shares obtained from related parties during 2006 was $5.6 million. The purchase price paid by us for private repurchases of our common stock from related parties is the closing market price on the purchase date. 24 The following table sets forth certain information about the shares of common stock we repurchased during the fourth quarter of 2006.
(1) On August 31, 1998, we announced that our Board of Directors approved a program to repurchase shares of our common stock on the open market. Under the repurchase program, we are authorized to repurchase, in any seven-day period, the greater of (i) 3% of our outstanding common stock or (ii) $50 million of our common stock. We may repurchase our common stock through the New York Stock Exchange, other national or regional market systems, electronic communication networks or alternative trading systems such as POSIT, during regular or after-hours trading sessions. POSIT is an alternative trading system that uses passive pricing to anonymously match buy and sell orders. To date, we have not used electronic communication networks or alternative trading systems to repurchase any of our common stock and do not intend to use such networks or systems in the foreseeable future. Our stock repurchase program does not have an expiration date or an aggregate maximum number or dollar value of shares that may be repurchased. Our Board of Directors reviewed and ratified the stock repurchase program in July 2004. During the fourth quarter of 2006, all stock repurchases were made pursuant to the repurchase program including 34,996 shares that were purchased in connection with funding employee income tax withholding obligations arising from the vesting of nonvested shares. 25 ITEM 6. Selected Financial Data The following table sets forth our selected consolidated financial and other data at the dates and for the periods indicated. Selected financial data should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this report.
(1) Includes a pre-tax charge of $55.0 million ($39.4 million net of tax) to recognize our settlement with the SEC, New York Attorney General and Kansas Securities Commissioner related to market-timing allegations; a charge of $20.0 million (not deductible for income tax purposes) to recognize the impairment of goodwill associated with ACF; charges associated with the resolution of the Williams excessive fee litigation; expenses related to prior regulatory settlements; and a pre-tax charge of $1.9 million ($1.3 million net of tax) related to employee separation costs at ACF in response to a decline in investment performance and related loss of assets under management, all recorded in 2006. (2) Includes pre-tax charges totaling $47.4 million ($30.8 million net of tax) recorded during 2005 related to settlements of outstanding legal matters with Torchmark for actions in Alabama, California and 26 Kansas, a settlement with the NASD and a consortium of states relating to variable annuity sales practices; separation of employment payments to our former chief executive officer; a NASD arbitration settlement with a former financial advisor; and other employee separation payments related to the restructuring of the Advisors channel. (3) Includes a pre-tax charge of $32.0 million ($21.5 million net of tax) in 2003 for estimated damages and legal costs in connection with the UILIC litigation, an NASD sales practice exam and ongoing disputes with former sales personnel in our Advisors channel and a pre-tax charge of $27.1 million ($17.2 million net of tax) related to a stock option tender offer during 2003. (4) For 2002, includes a pre-tax write-down of $7.1 million ($4.4 million net of tax) for other than temporary decline in the value of certain investment securities and a $2.0 million ($1.3 million net of tax) charge for damages awarded in an NASD arbitration case with a former financial advisor. (5) Investment product sales are commissionable sales by our financial advisors, shown gross of commissions, and do not include mutual funds sold at net asset value or sales of other wholesale mutual funds or insurance products. 27 ITEM 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations This Item includes statements that are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including statements regarding our expectations, hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, included in this Form 10-K regarding our financial position, business strategy and other plans and objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements included in this Form 10-K are based on information available to us on the date hereof, and we assume no obligation to update such forward-looking statements. Although we believe that the assumptions and expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, we can give no assurance that such expectations will prove to have been correct or that we will take any actions that may presently be planned. Certain important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations are disclosed in the “Risk Factors” section of this Form 10-K, which include, without limitation, the adverse effect from a decline in securities markets or a decline in our products’ performance, failure to renew investment management agreements, adverse results of litigation and/or arbitration, acts of terrorism and/or war, competition, changes in government regulation, and availability and terms of capital. All subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by such factors. The following should be read in conjunction with the “Selected Financial Data” and our Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this report. We are one of the oldest mutual fund and asset management firms in the country, with expertise in a broad range of investment styles and across a variety of market environments. Our earnings and cash flows are heavily dependent on financial market conditions. Significant increases or decreases in the various securities markets, particularly United States equity markets, can have a material impact on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Our Distribution Channels One of our distinctive qualities is that we are a significant distributor of investment products, conducting our business in three channels: the Advisors channel, the Wholesale channel and the Institutional channel. In the Advisors channel, we have a network of more than 2,250 financial advisors providing personal financial planning services to our clients across the United States, focusing on investment strategies for retirement, education funding, insurance, estate planning and other specific needs. In our Wholesale channel, we distribute retail mutual funds through broker/dealers, registered investment advisors, including Legend, our Florida-based retirement planning subsidiary and various retirement platforms. In our Insititutional channel, our efforts include defined benefit plans, pension plans, endowments, subadvisory relationships and high net worth clients. Revenue Sources We derive our revenues primarily from providing investment management, distribution and administrative services to the Funds and institutional and separately managed accounts. Investment management fees, a substantial source of our revenues, are based on the amount of average assets under management and are affected by sales levels, financial market conditions, redemptions and the composition of assets. Underwriting and distribution revenues, another substantial source of revenues, consist of commissions derived from sales of investment and insurance products, distribution fees on certain variable products, and fees earned on fee-based asset allocation products, as well as advisory 28 services. The products sold have various commission structures and the revenues received from product sales vary based on the type and amount sold. Rule 12b-1 service and distribution fees earned for servicing and/or distributing certain mutual fund shares are based upon assets under management and fluctuate based on sales, redemptions and financial market conditions. Other service fees include transfer agency fees, custodian fees for retirement plan accounts and portfolio accounting. 2006 in Review · All material outstanding legal and regulatory issues have been resolved. · Earnings declined due to charges associated with litigation and regulatory settlements and a goodwill impairment charge. · Assets under management were up 16% to $48.4 billion, driven by a combination of organic growth and market action. · Ivy Funds gross sales ranked among the top 25 at each of the five largest wirehouses in the United States. · Advisors channel productivity and net sales continue to improve. · Operating margin adjusted for special charges showed a slight decline. · Common stock value was up 30% over the prior year. These topics are discussed in more detail in the sections that follow. Litigation and Regulatory Settlements During 2006, we recorded a charge of $55.0 million related to settlement with the SEC, the New York Attorney General and the Kansas Securities Commission regarding market timing allegations, $12.0 million of which represented non-deductible penalties. In addition, effective October 1, 2006, the Company instituted an annual $5.0 million investment management fee waiver pursuant to the New York Attorney General settlement by adjusting management fee rates on certain funds. On May 30, 2006, the investment advisor and underwriter subsidiaries of the Company for the Ivy Funds were dismissed from the Williams Excessive Fee case with prejudice. On September 25, 2006 the remainder of this case was dismissed with prejudice. The negotiations and discussions leading up to, and the terms of, the dismissal are confidential. During 2006, all remaining restitution related to settlements of outstanding litigation including matters with the Enforcement Department of NASD Regulation and Torchmark Corporation (“Torchmark”) was paid and the matter was resolved. During the third quarter of 2006, the Arbitration Panel adjudicating the Torchmark matter related to state taxes ruled against the Company and determined that the Company owed Torchmark $7.4 million. A reserve previously established largely covered this exposure. ACF Goodwill Impairment and Restructuring Charge We recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $20.0 million related to our subsidiary, ACF. Factors that led to this conclusion included, but were not limited to, the negative impact of the continued decline in ACF’s assets under management and diminished involvement of ACF’s investment staff in mutual fund advisory responsibilities during the second quarter of 2006. Continued asset redemptions have placed significant risk on ACF’s ability to achieve and maintain profitability, and therefore have adversely impacted its earnings potential. We also recorded a restructuring charge of $1.9 million at ACF for employee separation costs, in response to a decline in investment performance and related loss of assets under management. 29 Approval for Increase to Quarterly Dividend The Board of Directors approved an increase in the quarterly dividend on our common stock from $.15 per share to $.17 per share beginning with our second quarter 2007 dividend, payable on May 1, 2007. Net Income Net income decreased 23% in 2006 to $46.1 million, or $0.55 per diluted share, compared to $60.1 million, or $0.73 per diluted share for the same period in 2005. This decrease was due to current year legal and regulatory settlements as well as goodwill impairment and restructuring charges related to our subsidiary, ACF. Net income decreased 41% in fiscal 2005 to $60.1 million, or $0.73 per diluted share, compared to $102.2 million, or $1.25 per diluted share for the same period in 2004. The decrease in 2005 was due to legal and regulatory settlements, costs related to the separation of employment of our former chief executive officer and severance and restructuring costs in our Advisors channel.
Total Revenues Total revenues increased 16% and 9% for the fiscal years 2006 and 2005, respectively, attributable to growth in average assets under management of 15% and 9% for the two years.
Investment Management Fee Revenues Investment management fee revenues are earned for providing investment advisory services to the Funds and to institutional and separate accounts. Investment management fee revenues increased $43.8 million, or 16%, in 2006 and $27.4 million, or 11%, in 2005. Revenues from investment management services provided to our retail mutual funds, which are distributed through the Advisors and the Wholesale channels, increased $46.2 million, or 21%, in 2006 compared to 2005, while the related retail average assets increased 20%. Revenues from investment management services provided to our retail mutual funds, increased $27.4 million, or 14%, in 2005 compared to 2004, while the related retail average assets increased 11%. Investment management fee revenues increased more than the related retail average assets due to significant sales growth in Ivy specialty funds, which tend to have higher management fee rates. Revenue was impacted by the decrease to management fee rates on certain funds in compliance with the New York Attorney General settlement that took place in the fourth quarter of 2006. This decrease to management fee rates will reduce management fees by approximately $5.0 million annually. Retail sales in 2006 and 2005 were $7.8 billion, and $4.8 billion, respectively, representing a 63% and 32% increase over sales in 2005 and 2004, respectively. 30 Institutional and separate account revenues were $41.3 million and $43.6 million in 2006 and 2005, respectively. The decrease in account revenues in 2006 was primarily attributable to ACF, based on a decline in their average assets by 42%. Institutional and separate account revenues in 2005 remained consistent with those recognized in 2004, as overall growth in assets under management during 2005 was constrained by the loss of one block of client assets moving to an alternative investment, and also performance driven outflows at ACF. Long-term redemption rates (which exclude money market fund redemptions) in the Advisors channel improved to 9.2% in 2006 compared to 9.6% and 11.3% in 2005 and 2004, respectively. In the Wholesale channel, long-term redemption rates were 21.0% in 2006, an increase from 20.3% in 2005 and a decrease from the 2004 rate of 23.7%. The long-term redemption rate for our Institutional channel was 22.6% in 2006 compared to 25.8% in 2005 and 21.3% in 2004. The higher institutional redemption rate in 2006 compared to 2004 was a result of performance driven outflows at ACF. The elevated redemption rate in 2005, as mentioned earlier, is due to the loss of one block of client assets moving to an alternative investment as well as performance driven outflows at ACF. We expect the Advisors channel long-term redemption rate to remain lower than that of the Wholesale channel due to the personal and customized nature in which our financial advisors provide service to their clients. Underwriting and Distribution Revenues and Expenses The following table illustrates our underwriting and distribution fee revenues and expenses segregated by distribution channel for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004:
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